\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Codex} \pdfinfo{ /Title (french-practice.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Codex) /Subject (French Practice Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{70B3FF} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{EDF5FF} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{French Practice Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Codex} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/186266/cs/38921/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Codex \\ \uline{cheatography.com/codex} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 30th May, 2023.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.43873 cm} x{2.53827 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Presens of regular verbs}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{-ER}} & {\emph{(eg. parler)}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} je parl{\bf{e}} & nous parl{\bf{ons}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tu parl{\bf{es}} & vous parl{\bf{ez}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} il/elle/on parl{\bf{e}} & ils/elles parl{\bf{ent}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{-IR}} & {\emph{(eg. dormir)}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} je dor{\bf{s}} & nous dorm{\bf{ons}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tu dor{\bf{s}} & vous dorm{\bf{ez}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} il/elle/on dor{\bf{t}} & ils/elles dorm{\bf{ent}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{-RE}} & {\emph{(eg. vendre)}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} je vend{\bf{s}} & nous vend{\bf{ons}} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tu vend{\bf{s}} & vous vend{\bf{ez}} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} il/elle/on vend & ils/elles vend{\bf{ent}} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Futur Proche}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{aller}} + verb in infinitiv} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.24425 cm} x{3.73275 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Le Passé Composé Verbes}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Verbes Réguliers}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} -er & é \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} -ir & i \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} -re & u \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Verbes Irréguliers}}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} devoir & {\emph{avoir}} + dû \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} pouvoir & {\emph{avoir}} + pu \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} savoir & {\emph{avoir}} + su \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} voir & {\emph{avoir}} + vu \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} vouloir & {\emph{avoir}} + voulu \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} venir & {\emph{avoir}} + venu{[}e{]}{[}s{]} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} être & {\emph{avoir}} + été \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} avoir & {\emph{avoir}} + eu \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} dire & {\emph{avoir}} + dit \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} écrire & {\emph{avoir}} + écrit \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} faire & {\emph{avoir}} + fait \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} aller & {\emph{être}} + allé{[}e{]}{[}s{]} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Uses either {\emph{AVOIR}} or {\emph{ÊTRE}} as help verbs. If the verb uses {\emph{ÊTRE}} it also adds {[}e{]}{[}s{]} for {[}female{]}{[}pluralis{]} \newline \newline {\bf{With negation:}} \newline {[}subject{]} + {[}ne/n'{]} + {[}AVOIR/ÊTRE{]} + {[}pas{]} + {[}VERB{]}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Numbers}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 0 - zéro & 16 -seize \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} 1 - un & 17 - dix-sept \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 2 - deux & 18 - dix-huit \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} 3 - trois & 19 - dix-neuf \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 4 - quatre & 20 - vingt \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} 5 - cinq & 21 - vingt-et-un \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 6 - six & 30 - trente \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} 7 - sept & 40- quarante \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 8 - huit & 50 - cinquante \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} 9 - neuf & 60 - soixante \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 10 - dix & 70 - soixante-dix \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} 11 - onze & 80 - quatre-vingt \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 12 - douze & 90 - quatre-vingt-dix \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} 13 - treize & 100 - cent \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 14 - quatorze & 1000 - mille \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} 15 - quinze & +/- plus/moins \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Days, Times \& Months}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} lundi - monday & janvier - January \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} mardi - tuesday & février - February \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} mercredi - wednesday & mars - March \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} jeudi - thursday & avril - April \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} vendredi - friday & mai - May \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} samedi - saturday & juin - June \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} dimancahe - sunday & juillet - July \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} aujourd'hui - today & aôut - August \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} demain - tomorrow & septembre - Septembre \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} hier - yesterday & octobre - October \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} maintenant - now & novembre - November \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} plus tard - later & décembre - December \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.58804 cm} x{2.38896 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Big 4 Irregular Verbs}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{ {\emph{AVOIR}} }} & {\emph{(att ha)}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} J'ai & nous avons \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tu as & vous avez \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} il/elle/ont a & ils/elles ont \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{ {\emph{ÊTRE}} }} & {\emph{(att vara)}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} je suis & nous sommes \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tu es & vous Êtes \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} il/elle/on est & ils/elles sont \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{ {\emph{FAIRE}} }} & {\emph{(att g{\"o}ra)}} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} je fais & nous faisons \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tu fais & vous faites \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} il/elle/on fait & ils elles/font \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{ {\emph{ALLER}} }} & {\emph{(att gå)}} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} je vais & nous allons \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tu vas & vous allez \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} il/elle/on va & ils/elles vont \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.04057 cm} x{2.93643 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Imparfait}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Originate from the {\emph{nous}}-form of the verb, and add the imparfait-endings:} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} je & -ais {[}ɛ{]} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tu & -ais {[}ɛ{]} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} il/elle & -ait {[}ɛ{]} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} nous & -ions {[}jɔ̃{]} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} vous & -iez {[}je{]} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ils/elles & -aiente {[}ɛ{]} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The only exception is {\emph{être}}, {\emph{nous sommes}} becomes -\textgreater{} \newline j'étais {[}ɛ{]} \newline tu étais {[}ɛ{]} \newline il/elle était {[}ɛ{]} \newline nous étions {[}jɔ̃{]} \newline vous étiez {[}je{]} \newline ils/elles étaient {[}ɛ{]}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.73735 cm} x{2.23965 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Impératif}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Prompting form used only in 2nd 4th and 5th person} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{You never add the subject (eg. tu/nous/vous)} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{-ir}} and {\emph{-re}} verbs use their normal forms} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{-er}} verbs drop their {\emph{-s}} in 2nd person (unless the following word starts with a vowel)} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Irregular verbs are:}} & (tu/nous/vous) \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{Avoir}} & aie/ayons/ayez \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{Être}} & sois/soyons/soyez \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{Savoir}} & \seqsplit{sache/sachons/sachez} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{9 More Irregular Verbs}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{ {\emph{DIRE}} }} & {\emph{(att s{\"a}ga)}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} je dis & nous disons \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tu dis & vous dites \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} il/elle/on dit & ils/elles disent \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{ {\emph{PRENDRE}} }} & {\emph{(att ta)}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} je prends & nous prenons \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tu prends & vous prenez \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} il/elle/on prend & ils/elles prennent \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{ {\emph{METTRE}} }} & {\emph{(att s{\"a}tta)}} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} je mets & nous mettons \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tu mets & vous mettez \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} il/elle/on met & ils/elles mettent \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{ {\emph{ÉCRIRE}} }} & {\emph{(att skriva)}} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} j'écris & nous écrivons \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tu ecris & vous écrivez \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} il/elle/on écrit & ils/elles écrivent \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{ {\emph{VIVRE}} }} & {\emph{(att leva/bo)}} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} je vis & nous vivons \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tu vis & vous vivez \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} il/elle/on vit & ils/elles vivent \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{ {\emph{VOULOIR + POUVOIR }} }} & {\emph{(att vilja)}} + {\emph{(att kunna)}} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{white} je v{\bf{eux}} & nous voulons \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tu v{\bf{eux}} & vous voulez \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 1) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{white} il/elle/on v{\bf{eut}} & ils/elles v{\bf{eu}}lent \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Passé Composé vs Imparfait}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 0 (+ 0) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Passé composé}} is used for singular {\emph{finished}} events/verbs that move the story forwards. \newline Eg. He {\emph{woke up}}, {\emph{ate}} lunch, {\emph{took}} the tram \newline \newline {\bf{Imparfait}} does not move the story forwards. It gives "background information" and describes things that have been started but not finished. It also describes habits/things that happen more than once. \newline Eg. He {\emph{lived}} alone, it {\emph{was raining}} outside, usually {\emph{he took the car}} to work} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.58804 cm} x{2.38896 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pronouns}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} je, tu, il, elle & I, you, he, she \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} nous, vous & we, you (pl) \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} le, la, les & the (m, f, pl) \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} un, une, des & a (m, f, pl) \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ce, ça & this, that \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} mon, ma & my (m, f) \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} nos, votre & our, your \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{m = male, f = female, pl = plural}}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.39356 cm} x{3.58344 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Object Pronouns}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Subject}} & {\bf{Object}} Direct | Indirect \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} je & me \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tu & te \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} il/elle & le/la | lui \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} nous & nous \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} vous & vous \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ils/ells & les | leur \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{The object pronoun is placed directly before the first verb:}} \newline She believes you -{}-\textgreater{} Elle {\bf{te}} croit \newline \newline {\bf{If there is an infinite it's placed directly after the infintive:}} \newline You will find them -{}-\textgreater{} Vouz alles {\bf{les}} retrouver \newline \newline The Pronoun {\emph{y}} is used when it's inanimate things. It can also be used to replace roomadverbs such as {\emph{sur, chez, en, dans, à}}.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}