\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{churger} \pdfinfo{ /Title (formation-by-beyonce-ms-wjec-a-level.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (churger) /Subject (Formation by Beyoncè (MS, WJEC A Level) Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3A3A3} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F3F3F3} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Formation by Beyoncè (MS, WJEC A Level) Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{churger} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/185877/cs/38856/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}churger \\ \uline{cheatography.com/churger} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 21st May, 2023.\\ Updated 21st May, 2023.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{4} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Bold writing}} indicates an importance to the information, \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2) {\emph{italics}} represents information that will likely gain you further marks but isn't necessarily important information. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3) \textasciicircum{}Superscript\textasciicircum{} indicates a recap of a theory.% Row Count 6 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Product Context}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Formation, {\emph{lead single for the album Lemonade,}} was released the {\emph{day before Beyonce performed at the Super Bowl final in February 2016}}. The Formation music video, {\emph{directed by Melina Matsoukas, was released with the song.}} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 5) This music video has {\bf{won numerous awards}} including a {\emph{Clio Award for Innovation and Creative Excellence in a Music Video at the 2016 awards, and has been nominated in the music video category at the 59th Grammy Awards.}} \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 5) The video is {\bf{set against the backdrop of the flooding in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina and the associated racial tension in America, and also draws historical parallels with references to racism and slavery.}}% Row Count 15 (+ 5) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Music Video}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{ Video: http://youtu.be/WDZJPJV__bQ} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lyrics}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{What happened at the New Orleans? \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) Bitch I'm back, by popular demand \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1) Y'all haters corny with that Illuminati mess \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1) Paparazzi, catch my fly, and my cocky fresh \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1) I'm so reckless when I rock my Givenchy dress (stylin') \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2) I'm so possessive so I rock his Roc necklaces \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1) My daddy Alabama, Momma Louisiana \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1) You mix that negro with that Creole make a Texas bama \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2) I like my baby heir with baby hair and afros \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1) I like my negro nose with Jackson Five nostrils \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1) Earned all this money but they never take the country out me \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2) I got a hot sauce in my bag, swag \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1) I see it, I want it, I stunt, yellow-bone it \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1) I dream it, I work hard, I grind 'til I own it \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1) I twirl on them haters, albino alligators \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1) El Camino with the seat low, sippin' Cuervo with no chaser \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2) Sometimes I go off (I go off), I go hard (I go hard) \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 2) Get what's mine (take what's mine), I'm a star (I'm a star) \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 2) Cause I slay (slay), I slay (hey), I slay (okay), I slay (okay) \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 2) All day (okay), I slay (okay), I slay (okay), I slay (okay) \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 2) We gon' slay (slay), gon' slay (okay), we slay (okay), I slay (okay) \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 2) } \tn \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lyrics (cont)}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{I slay (okay), okay (okay), I slay (okay), okay, okay, okay, okay \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2) Okay, okay, ladies, now let's get in formation, cause I slay \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2) Okay, ladies, now let's get in formation, cause I slay \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2) Prove to me you got some coordination, cause I slay \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2) Slay trick, or you get eliminated \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1) When he f-k me good I take his ass to Red Lobster, cause I slay \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2) When he f-k me good I take his ass to Red Lobster, cause I slay \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2) If he hit it right, I might take him on a flight on my chopper, cause I slay \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2) Drop him off at the mall, let him buy some J's, let him shop up, cause I slay \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2) I might get your song played on the radio station, cause I slay \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2) I might get your song played on the radio station, cause I slay \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 2) You just might be a black Bill Gates in the making, cause I slay \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2) I just might be a black Bill Gates in the making \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1) I see it, I want it, I stunt, yellow-bone it \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1) I dream it, I work hard, I grind 'til I own it \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 1) I twirl on my haters, albino alligators \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1) El Camino with the seat low, sippin' Cuervo with no chaser \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 2) Sometimes I go off (I go off), I go hard (I go hard) \newline % Row Count 31 (+ 2) } \tn \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lyrics (cont)}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Take what's mine (take what's mine), I'm a star (I'm a star) \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2) Cause I slay (slay), I slay (hey), I slay (okay), I slay (okay) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2) All day (okay), I slay (okay), I slay (okay), I slay (okay) \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2) We gon' slay (slay), gon' slay (okay), we slay (okay), I slay (okay) \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2) I slay (okay), okay (okay), I slay (okay), okay, okay, okay, okay \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2) Okay, okay, ladies, now let's get in formation, cause I slay \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2) Okay, ladies, now let's get in formation, cause I slay \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2) Prove to me you got some coordination, cause I slay \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2) Slay trick, or you get eliminated \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1) Okay, ladies, now let's get in formation, I slay \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 1) Okay, ladies, now let's get in formation \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1) You know you that bitch when you cause all this conversation \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 2) Always stay gracious, best revenge is your paper% Row Count 22 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Copy and pasted from Google (I AINT READING ALLAT)} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Media Language}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{-{}- HOW DIFFERENT ELEMENTS OF MEDIA LANGUAGE AND THE COMBINATION OF ELEMENTS INFLUENCE MEANING AND COMMUNICATE MULTIPLE MEANINGS -{}- \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3) The music video offers a wealth of (sometimes \seqsplit{conflicting/contradictory)} messages and possible meanings. Many of the {\bf{references in the video require an awareness of issues and events (such as the flooding in New Orleans and racial tension in America).}} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 6) The video also {\bf{requires a high level of media literacy}} to recognise and understand {\bf{intertextual references such as footage taken from a documentary about 'bounce' called 'That B.E.A.T/' and references to news footage of police brutality, such as the lone dancing boy.}} \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 6) {\bf{Factors in the music video contrast and conflict and this creates a confused meaning in audiences or offers a coherent message.}} For example: \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 3) The use of costume is interesting - {\bf{Antebellum dresses which seem to reference slavery contrast heavily with stereotypical "pop" signifiers such as tight fitting/revealing costume in some of the dance sections.}} \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 5) Similarly, {\bf{Beyonce's performance shifts from moments of aggression such as obscene gestures with her fingers to more culturally recognisable dance routines that seem less loaded with political or social messages.}} \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 5) This contrasting use of signs leads to possible readings/meanings of the video -{\emph{ is it exploring issues of the black experience in America? Is it a personal exploration of Beyonce's life? Is it attempting to discuss issues of gender and equality? }}Is it possible for the video to be all of these things at once? (good questions to raise in your answer). \newline % Row Count 36 (+ 8) } \tn \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Media Language (cont)}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{-{}- APPLYING THEORY -{}- \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) Barthes - Semiotics \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1) \textasciicircum{}Theory recap:(1) the idea that texts communicate their meanings through a process of signification. (2) the idea that signs can function at the level of denotation, which involves the 'literal' or common-sense meaning of the sign, and at the level of connotation, which involves the meanings associated with or suggested by the sign. (3) the idea that constructed meanings can come to seem self-evident, achieving the status of myth through a process of naturalisation.\textasciicircum{} \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 10) The concept of the signifier/signified, using specific signification in the music video and considering how this might be interpreted according to social convention: \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 4) - For example, {\bf{the use of antebellum era dresses. Beyonce and a group of other black women pose in white dresses that appear to reference the antebellum era of American history. }} {\emph{Consider the significance of slavery in relation to this sequence and what is being signified. }}% Row Count 22 (+ 6) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{EXTRA NOTES - For all areas.}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{The Kanye West Controversy:}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) The concert gamered media attention during Kanye west's comments regarding the portrayal of black people in the media. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3) Music video reference: \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1) {\bf{Sinking police car }}– The video opens with a New Orleans Police Car submerged in deep NOLA flood waters, the voice over says " What happened after New Orleans",{\bf{ the voice is a murdered black man from New Orleans. A video of the confession was all over the internet.}} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 6) {\bf{Flooded Waters}} – The music {\bf{unites us (Across all genders and no matter how raunchy it's percieved by those who don't get it) and the Hurricane Katrina was real.}} \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 4) {\bf{Black self-love – Opens social hate and bullying towards girls like her daughter who stand proudly in her beautiful afro. Be proud of your identity and love who you are.}} \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 4) {\bf{Women in White. Men in black – Represents a time before and after slaves were free'd around the 1900's. These were slaves were technically "free" but still oppressed.}} \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 4) {\bf{MLK – A man holding up a newspaper is brifefly seen. on the cover is Martin Luther King Jr, with the words: "The Truth – More than a Dreamer". representing the civil rights movement.}} \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 4) {\bf{Formation}} – There are several {\bf{choreographed sequences of "Ladies in formation" but takes place at the bottom of an empty pool}}. Formation is first introduced at the beginning of the song {\bf{in the form of family references, then women – we need each other through tough times.}} \newline % Row Count 33 (+ 6) } \tn \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{EXTRA NOTES - For all areas. (cont)}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{B-Boy}} – Powerful scene of a little boy in a black hoodie break dancing in front of a line of police in riot gear, {\bf{he stops dancing and puts his hands in the air – the policemen put their arms in the air in response – peace at last,}} finishing with a {\bf{clip of graffiti on a wall comes across the scene that says, "Stop shooting us".}} \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 8) Performance: \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1) Beyonce's performance shifts from moments of agression such as obscene gestures with her fingers to more culturally recognisable dance routines that seem less loaded with political or social messages. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 5) This contrasting use of signs leads to possible reading/meaning of the video: \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2) – Is it exploring issues of the Black Experience in America? \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2) – Is it a personal exploration of beyonce's life? \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2) – Is it attempting to discuss issues of gender and equality? \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 2) – Is it possible for the video to be all of these things? \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 2) Beyonce engages with intertextuality within her music videos, for instance Reservoir dogs and pulp fiction in the Music video – "Video phone" of hers in the opening. \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 4) Reference to "Kill bill" in the music video "Telephone" the car being the "Pussy Wagon" from Kill bill. \newline % Row Count 31 (+ 3) } \tn \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{EXTRA NOTES - For all areas. (cont)}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{An intertextual reference to (The Holy Mountain) – Alejando Jodonowsky 1973 – This is in Beyonces music video formation.% Row Count 3 (+ 3) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Copy and pasted from the following article: \newline https://jakepalmermediastudies.wordpress.com/2017/11/22/beyonce-formation/} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Representation}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{-{}- INDUSTRY CONTEXT -{}- \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) In discussion about the various issues of representation in this video we should not lose sight of {\bf{the purpose of the music video in relation to finance and profit.}} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 4) The video was {\bf{released the day before a Superbowl performance.}} The combination of this release date and a {\bf{performance to over 100 million people impacted the global circulation of the video and the financial gain for Beyonce and her collaborators.}} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 6) {\bf{Candidates might discuss the extent to which the video was designed to promote a political/cultural agenda or to simply generate publicity and make money.}} \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 4) -{}- HOW SOCIAL AND CULTURAL GROUPS, INCLUDING GENDER, ETHNICITY AND AGE ARE REPRESENTED -{}- \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2) As explored in the Media Language section above the video offers a range of different representations relating to race and ethnicity, however consider also the specific presentation of Beyonce herself. \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 5) Beyonce, as a performer, is a construct- her persona is cultivated on screen using images/sequences. She demonstrates herself as a powerful figure. \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 3) Beyonce frequently makes {\bf{direct address to the audience by gazing directly at us. She stands in strong, powerful stances at the front of groups (of both men and women), and perhaps most iconic is the image of her on top of the police car.}} \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 5) } \tn \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Representation (cont)}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{The construction of her persona could be to sell records and gain fans rather than offer any meaningful insight into her personality/beliefs- this is one view.}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4) -{}- HOW AND WHY STEREOTYPES CAN BE USED POSITIVELY + NEGATIVELY -{}- \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2) Formation **uses stereotypes such as sexualised images of black females that could be interpreted as positive (strong, empowered) or negative (objectified). \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 4) Beyonce is represented in different ways (sitting on the police car, dressed in historical costume), showing that her identity is more complex than a simple stereotype.** \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 4) -{}- HOW REPRESENTATIONS EMBODY VALUES, ATTITUDES, BELIEFS AND MESSAGES -{}- \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2) Whilst Beyonce is {\bf{offering subversive (or at least politically motivated) comments about race, }}candidates might be asked to consider ways in which she is {\bf{ reinforcing some attitudes and values in relation to gender. }} \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 5) {\emph{Good questions to raise in your answer is does the representation of Beyonce in the video reinforce and possible condone the objectification of women? For example, the dance sections where she wears short/tight or revealing outfits as well as some of the sexualised lyrics. This might be balanced by looking again at her construction as a strong, powerful figure.}} \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 8) -{}- APPLYING THEORY -{}- \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 1) } \tn \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Representation (cont)}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Stuart Hall - Representation \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) \textasciicircum{}Theory recap: (1) the idea that representation is the production of meaning through language, with language defined in its broadest sense as a system of signs. (2) the idea that the relationship between the concepts and signs is governed by codes. (3) the idea that stereotyping, as a form of representation, reduces people down to a few simple characteristics or traits. (4) the idea that stereotyping tends to occur where there are inequalities of power, as subordinate or excluded groups are constructed as different or 'other' (e.g; through ethnocentrism).\textasciicircum{} \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 12) The {\bf{representation of gender challenges the stereotype of women- they are in powerful positions/in control. The male representation follows stereotype that they must be muscular- little representation but when they are there, they're all the same body type.}} \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 6) {\bf{Representation of age seen as the little dancing boy challenges ideas that children are oblivious to the problems around them.}} \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 3) {\bf{Finally, the representation of ethnicity challenges the stereotypes of black people, as they are in a position of power and control over white people for most of the video, reclaiming their history (as suggested in shots of them in control over the former slave-owners house). White people representation follows stereotypes, and police are shown in a position of power and authority.}}% Row Count 30 (+ 8) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Beyonce's finger gestures}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/churger_1684692827_image_2023-05-21_191345322.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Audience}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{-{}- HOW MEDIA PRODUCERS TARGET, ATTRACT, REACH, ADDRESS AND POTENTIALLY CONSTRUCT AUDIENCES -{}- \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2) The **video is a sales and promotion tool, released the day before Beyonce's Superbowl performance. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3) This was planned to reach an extremely large, mass audience. ** \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2) It is interesting to consider the video as {\bf{both a means to address a wide audience with valid social comment and as a means to promote Beyonce's career and sell records.}} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 4) {\emph{Beyonce as a performer has worked within a number of different genres (pop, R\&B, Dance, Hip Hop, etc)}} These genres are fluid and subject to change and arguable {\emph{all combine in the genre that is being explored in this music video: 'bounce'. }} \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 5) {\bf{This allows the producers of to target a range of audiences who may be familiar with one or more of these genres. }} \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 3) -{}- HOW AUDIENCES MAY INTERPRET THE MEDIA -{}- \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1) Audiences may interpret this video in different ways especially as {\bf{it presents many, seemingly conflicting, messages.}} {\emph{Audience's age, gender, ethnicity, attitudes and beliefs may affect their interpretation of the video.}} \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 5) The {\bf{multiplicity of representations makes it challenging to define a single preferred reading (Stuart Hall's Reception theory).}} \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 3) However, there are some {\bf{clear messages about empowerment (relating to gender and ethnicity) and criticism of the establishment, including the police, following Hurricane Katrina that audiences may respond to in different ways.}} \newline % Row Count 33 (+ 5) } \tn \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Audience (cont)}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{-{}- HOW AUDIENCES ARE POSITIONED BY ADVERTISEMENTS AND MUSIC VIDEOS -{}- \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2) {\bf{The flooding in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina places the video into context, as well as the racial tensions that followed the floods (easily accessible through Kanye West's comments about President George Bush at the time) offer the chance to reconsider the way in which Beyonce is inviting audiences to interpret these circumstances. }}% Row Count 9 (+ 7) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Beyonce on the police car}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/churger_1684692696_image_2023-05-21_191134457.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Beyonce + dancers in the empty swimming pool}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/churger_1684692719_image_2023-05-21_191157433.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Beyonce in the flashy car}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/churger_1684692771_image_2023-05-21_191237627.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{I forgot the significance of this but it's probably good to mention if you could think of how to apply it} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Antebellum 1}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/churger_1684692787_image_2023-05-21_191305921.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Antebellum 2}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/churger_1684692803_image_2023-05-21_191321577.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Boy puts his hands up against police}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/churger_1684692849_image_2023-05-21_191407996.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}