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\author{churger}
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  /Title (english-lit-lang-anthology-nspcc.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (churger)
  /Subject (English Lit/Lang Anthology {[}NSPCC{]} Cheat Sheet)
}

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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{English Lit/Lang Anthology {[}NSPCC{]} Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{churger} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/185877/cs/38894/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}churger \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/churger} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 24th May, 2023.\\
   Updated 24th May, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Print version}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Further analysis}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Effective use of modals}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
Title of text- simple, hand-drawn style and direct appeal for help (to two audiences - childline and ideal reader) works effectively to {\bf{establish a voice and identity}} for the rest of the ad. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 4)
The use of{\bf{ one clause}} is straightforward and the use  of {\bf{modal auxiliary }}("...can you help me?") adds a simple appeal on the part of the narrator.  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 4)
If this had been switched modal (will or could, perhaps) the effect might've been less powerful. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
{\bf{Contrasting register}} \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
The first text box in the main part of the ad uses a very different style from much of the rest of the text. Here the noun phrases "an integral part of the NSPCC" and "a free and confidential service" sound more formal and seem to come from a different register (that of social work and care) than the style used in Molly's own account. \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 7)
It's perhaps this contrast in registers that shows how the NSPCC can offer expertise and experience to help Molly and children like her, framing her lonely and desperate experience with the language of care and support. \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 5)
{\bf{Manipulating tense}} \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
The use of {\bf{present tense}} here (shown by "am" and its the contracted form of "m") helps establish the narrative and the voice of the narrator. There is a switch into the simple past tense in the second sentence with the verbs "called" and "was" before the scene is completed using the past perfective "and my Mum still hadn't come home" \newline % Row Count 32 (+ 7)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Further analysis (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Revealing insecurities through grammar}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
The insecure status of Molly is highlighted by two verb processes in this section. In the first sentence, the subject of the clause ("she" i.e her mum) keeps leaving the children alone, so they are the object of the verb phrase "kept leaving". In the second sentence, Molly herself is the subject ("I") but in a passive construction where she is receiving the action of the verb "to be allowed" ("wasn't allowed).  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 9)
This means that the mother is shown to be responsible for the process of leaving the children alone, while Molly is the victim of the process of not being allowed to answer the door; this contributes to the representation of Molly as lacking control and power in her life. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 6)
This is then accentuated by the lack of knowledge she has in the clause "I didn't know how to take care of him". The child-like compound sentence structure of the final sentence and the choice of the adverb intensifier "all sweaty" add to the presentation of Molly as lacking in experience and confidence: hardly surprising, given that she's only 10 and shouldn't have to deal with situations like this. \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 9)
{\bf{Adjectival choices and noun phrases}} \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 1)
The simplicity of the adjective choices here again reflect the age of the narrator ("lonely", "scared" and "nice") and the straightforward reassurance that Childline offer her, but once again the lack of control Molly has over her own life is reflected in the last compound-complex sentence which all hinges upon the final clause ("...when I heard Mum's key in the lock"). Even at this stage of the narrative, the choice of the noun phrase "Mum's Key" rather than "Mum" highlights the absence of the mother in her children's lives. \newline % Row Count 37 (+ 11)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Further analysis (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Language choices for an upbeat ending}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
The last part of Molly's narrative returns (in part, at least) to the present tense she began with ("Tommy and me have visits with Mum now") and there is a move away from Molly being at the mercy of verb processes to a degree of control: she and Tommy are the agents of the verb "to have". There's a nod to the future with the use of the {\bf{modal auxiliary}} "I will never forget..." so a suggestion that she doesn't have to concern herself all the time with what is happening now but can think ahead once again. The final complex sentence "that makes me more confident whenever I get nervous" foregrounds the positive main clause with its comparative adjective phrase "more confident", rather than the nervousness described in the subordinate clause ("whenever I get nervous"), creating a more hopeful impression to finish with.  \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 17)
Like many other choices of language and structure, think about how this might have been different had the text producers chosen a different structure. Here it works well because it fits the overall pattern - ending Molly's story with a more upbeat tone. \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 6)
{\bf{The creation of hope}} \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
The overall picture from this charity ad is one of hope and its clear to see that this is created in a number of ways. There are lexical choices which make a difference - so individual words and their meanings have quite an impact on how we read the text - but grammatical choices, often to do with tense and aspect (how time is represented through language) and {\bf{clause linking}} (how clauses are linked and the relationship between them) and have a big impact. Beyond the level of words and sentences, there's also the use of a wider structure, not just in Molly's narrative but in the whole of the ad itself.% Row Count 38 (+ 13)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{About this charity fundraising leaflet}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{GRAMP \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
{\bf{Genre:}} Charity fundraising leaflet \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
{\bf{Register:}} Mixed \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
{\bf{Audience:}} General public, householders \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
{\bf{Mode:}} Written/drawn \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
{\bf{Purpose:}} Persuade to pay by creating sympathy/instructions about finance% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Imperatives as a triple}} "complete call visit" and {\bf{direct address}} "can you help" me to engage/instruct reader how to contribute \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{First person anecdote}} to create a convincing moving account of suffering: "I'm Molly" \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
Reproduces cute cartoons/child's handwriting/suspension dots to grab reader's attention and make difficult subject of abuse more palatable \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
{\bf{Child-like lexis}} used to create believable voice "me and my baby brother" \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
{\bf{Subjective noun phrases}} used to promote the charity's good work "nice lady crucial service" \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
{\bf{spoken non- standard features}} "me and Tommy" and {\bf{informal contractions}} "I'm I wasn't" \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
{\bf{Assertive modal}} "must" used in motto/catchphrase to highlight urgency \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2)
Clever {\bf{antithesis}} "give a little to help a lot" has emotional appeal \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2)
{\bf{Frequent compound sentences}} reproduce child's syntax accurately "he was crying and there was no food" \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 3)
{\bf{Emotive adverb}} "urgently" encourages immediate response \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2)
{\bf{Inconsistent child voice}} spoke to an advisor suggests text has been manipulated \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 2)
Points about NSPCC leaflet% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Analysis}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Language frameworks: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
The National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) leaflet 'Hello... can you help me?' is a simple but effective piece of campaigning that makes us of a number of different language techniques. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 5)
Graphology and design \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
- Effective in conveying a simple message to the text's potential audience \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
- Simple, child-like illustrations support the narrative \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
- The font choices show the different between the voice of the narrator and the more authoritative voice of the charity itself. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 3)
Voice and address \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
- Address used in text to create first-person voice for the child 'Molly'. \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2)
- First-person pronouns (and {\bf{possessive determiners}}) in the first paragraph of the narrative ("I" and "my") help establish the first-person account and create an identity from which the rest of the story will be told. \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 5)
- NSPCC's voice is constructed rather differently, initially avoiding direct address to the reader, taking a third-person approach in the first text box ("childline forms...") before switching to {\bf{direct address}} in the last text box with an {\bf{imperative}} ("please give a little to help a lot") and {\bf{second-person pronouns/possessive determiners}} "your help" as well as constructing a group identity for the charity with the {\bf{1st person plural pronoun}} "us"(a much more 'human' choice than "it" which they could have used instead in a clause like "there are three ways to donate to it..." \newline % Row Count 34 (+ 12)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Analysis (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- Voice of child is established not just in terms of her colloquial style and child-like register- instead of using more formal subject pronoun "I" in "Tommy and I", she uses the colloquial non-standard object pronoun "me and Tommy". \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 5)
Story-like structure \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
- Structure is story-like, more effectively uses narrative elements that are familiar to most readers \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 3)
- First and last few lines of narrative are in the present tense ("I'm Molly..." and "Tommy and me have visits") but these bookend a mostly past tense narrative ("the first time I called it was after midnight".  \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 5)
- Structural elements also fit into a {\bf{Labovian narrative structure}}, perhaps intentionally designed to make it sound more like a genuinely spoken account.  \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 4)
There is an {\bf{abstract}} just before Molly's narrative begins ("Children contacted childline"), an {\bf{orientation}} (the first paragraph of Molly's story, setting the scene and giving contextualising details such as her age and where she was), a {\bf{complicating action}} (Tommy becoming ill and her call to childline), a {\bf{resolution}} (Childline's intervention and support) and a {\bf{coda}} (what's happened since their intervention). \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 9)
The narrative helps provide a positive model for what can happen to children like Molly if the audience follow the intention of the text producers and support the campaign.% Row Count 31 (+ 4)
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% That's all folks
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