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\author{churger}
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  /Title (english-lit-lang-anthology-chief-joseph-s-speech.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (churger)
  /Subject (English Lit/Lang Anthology {[}Chief Joseph's Speech{]} Cheat Sheet)
}

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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{English Lit/Lang Anthology {[}Chief Joseph's Speech{]} Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{churger} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/185877/cs/38878/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}churger \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/churger} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 23rd May, 2023.\\
   Updated 23rd May, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chief Joseph Portrait}}  \tn
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{About this surrender speech}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Chief Joseph \seqsplit{(Hin-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt)}, a Nez Perce Native America, {\bf{led his people to resist the takeover of his lands by white settlers}}, finally {\bf{surrendering in 1877.}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
This speech was {\bf{given in 1879 to President Rutherford B. Hayes}} to plead his people's case. Despite the respect accorded to him as leader, he was {\bf{unsuccessful.}} \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 4)
{\emph{He and his people were eventually resettled in Colville Indian Reservation many miles from their home.}} \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 3)
GRAMPS \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
{\bf{Genre:}} (Surrender) Speech - published publically as a reading speech, {\emph{formally adressing government}}. \seqsplit{Plea/statement/persuasion} speech. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 3)
{\bf{Register:}} formal \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
{\bf{Audience:}} Government/head army, who they were fighting against. Indirectly literate audiences. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2)
{\bf{Mode:}} Speech (can be written and was published). \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
{\bf{Purpose:}} To address horrors that Chief Joseph's people experienced and to ask them to stop as they will no longer fight them. \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 3)
Also to inform the government and others of their wrongdoings to the tribe and the injustices they have suffered.% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Discourse}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\textasciicircum{}Discourse: (1)written or spoken communicate or debate. (2) speak or write authoritatively about a topic.\textasciicircum{} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
Uses the word "Indians" to {\bf{describe Native Americans - now outdated}}. Comes from the mistaken belief of European explorers that they had sailed round the world and found India. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 4)
Chief Joseph had to appeal to white settlers, {\bf{regardless of whether it was disrespectful}}, as they had more power/control in this situation. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 3)
Shows {\bf{inequality and the unfair political power of the white man.}}% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Grammar}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Effective close of the last statement - {\bf{simple sentence in past tense}}. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
This puts {\bf{emphasis on Chief Joseph's points.}} It is also very final, as if he's offering a {\bf{last chance, or expressing disappointment.}}% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lexis \& Semantics}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Chief Joseph's {\bf{translator has left some conceptual lexical terms, such as "Great Father Chief" for President.}} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
This connotes that Chief Joseph is {\bf{trying to show how alike they are and how they deserve equality.}} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 3)
He uses the word "friend" to describe those he is speaking to- this {\bf{further suggests he wants to be seen as equals}}- it is possible it's meant to {\bf{remind the listeners that they could've worked together, if the Native Americans had been treated properly.}}% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Phonology}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\textasciicircum{}Phonology: (1) the system of contrastive relationships among the speech sounds that constitute the fundamental components of a language. (2) the brand of linguistics that deals with systems of sounds (including or excluding phonetics) within a language or between different languages.\textasciicircum{} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 6)
Sounds in the Native American names ("Tu-hul-hil-sote", \seqsplit{"Hin-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt")} are {\bf{different to Western name styles, this is traditional for Western listeners/readers to hear.}} Including them makes {\bf{the speech more personal and emotive, and works to Chief Joseph's advantage,}}% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Context}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Dichotomy}} between races and cultures - "white man". \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{Spiritual quality}} to Chief Joseph's speech. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
Nez Perce tribe.% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Analysis - general points}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pre-modifying adjective:}}  "little children" - to make them sound more {\emph{vulnerable.}} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{Antistrophe:}} "freezing to death" - repetition end of sentence adds {\emph{emphasis.}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
{\bf{Sibilance:}} "sick and sad" - {\emph{musical quality, terms stand out to the reader by doing this.}} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
{\bf{Modal verb:}} "{\emph{Maybe}} I {\emph{shall}} find them among the dead" - uncertainty, vulnerability. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
{\bf{Repetition:}} "heart" - culturally specific. "cannot understand" - reinforces issue. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
{\bf{Proper noun:}} "Yellow Bull" - {\emph{he still uses his own language.}} \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
{\bf{Anaphora:}} "Good words", "good words" - {\emph{sympathy, emphasis.}}% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pragmatics \& Connotations}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Poverty/struggle:}} "no blankets" \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
{\bf{Marginalisation:}} "at last I was granted permission" \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
{\bf{Broken promises:}} "cannot understand", "broke his word", "promise" \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
{\bf{Listing:}} "Great Father Chief; the next Great Chief; the Commissioner Chief; the Law Chief; and many other law chiefs" - {\emph{many people but no fixes.}} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 4)
{\bf{Emotive language:}} "justice" \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
{\bf{Possessive:}} "my dead people", "my country" - still his people's country, even with white settlers. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 3)
{\bf{Declarative sentence (short):}} "I am tired of talk that comes to nothing" - finality, disappointment - evokes sympathy. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 3)
{\bf{Juxtaposition:}} "good words and all the broken promises" - sympathy, emphasising {\emph{highlights lies and misleading's of the government - mistrust.}} \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 3)
{\bf{Rhetorical question:}} "If you tie a horse to a stake, do you expect he will grow fat?" {\emph{before metaphor in order to add emphasis.}} \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 3)
{\bf{Allegorical:}} "if you pen an Indian up on a small spot of earth and compel him to stay there, he will not be contented nor will he grow and prosper." - {\emph{metaphor to represent his people.}} \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 4)
{\bf{Requesting, not demanding:}} "I only ask", "let me", "I would like" - power dynmaics. \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 2)
{\bf{Anecdotal:}} "three have died since I left my camp to come to Washington" - evokes sympathy, {\emph{highlights reality of the situation.}} \newline % Row Count 31 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pragmatics \& Connotations (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Collocation + alliteration:}} "heart is heavy" - "heart" is cultural. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{Defeatist:}} "I know that my race must change" - he now needs to work with the white people because he has no power. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
{\bf{Trying to bargain:}} "let me be a free man", "submit to the penalty" - he will obey if they allow him freedom-{\emph{ still under control by the white people in reality.}} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 4)
{\bf{Religion:}} "white men treats the Indian as they treat each other" - reference to Christian Bible teachings, that you should treat your neighbour kindly. Treat each other how you want to be treated.% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
} \tn 
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% That's all folks
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