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\author{Cheetography}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (topic-3-infection-and-response.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Cheetography)
  /Subject (Topic 3 - Infection and Response Cheat Sheet)
}

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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Topic 3 - Infection and Response Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Cheetography} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/203278/cs/43304/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Cheetography \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/cheetography} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 4th May, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Viruses}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Viruses are not cells} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{They are very small (about 1/100th the size of a bacterium)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{They move into cells and replicate themselves using the cell's systems} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{This causes the cells to burst making you feel ill, releasing all of the copies into the bloodstream} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bacteria}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Small prokaryotic cells} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Multiply rapidly by {\bf{binary fission}} in your body} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Toxins are produced which causes you to feel unwell} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fungi}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Can be single celled or have a body made of hyphae} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Can produce spores which can be spread to other organisms} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Protists}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Some are parasitic meaning they use humans and snimals as their hosts} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{All eukaryotic and most are single celled} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.54287 cm} x{3.43413 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reducing Spread of Disease}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Improving Hygiene & Using simple hygiene measures can prevent the spread of disease. For example, doing thinhs like washing your hands thoroughly \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Destroying Vectors & By taking precautions to remove vectors, you can prevent the disease from being passed on \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Isolation & If you isolate someone with a communicable disease, it prevents them from passing it on to anyone else \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Vaccination & Vaccinating people and animals from communicable disease prevents them from developing the disease and passing it on \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Spread of Pathogens}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Direct Contact & touching contaminated surfaces \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
By Water & drinking or coming into contact with dirty water \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
By Air & pathogens can be carried in the air and then breathed in (droplet infection happened when sneeze droplets are inhaled) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{HIV}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can eventually lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Symptoms}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- starts with flu-like illness and symptoms} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- if untreated, can travel to lymph nodes and attack immune system cells} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- can stay hidden for many years which is called AIDS} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Spread}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- direct sexual contact (eg unprotected sex)} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- exchange of bodily fluids (eg blood through drug users sharing needles)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- mother to child during pregnancy, birth or breast feeding} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Treatment and Prevention}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- no cure but {\bf{antiretroviral drugs}} used early can slow or halt the progress to AIDS} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- using barrier methods of contraception to prevent spread} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- not sharing needles or mixing blood} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
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\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gonorrohoea}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Introduction: & - It's a sexually transmitted disease \{\{nl\}\} - In 2018, it was the cause of 13\% of diagnosed STDs - Bacterial infection and had the largest increase in the UK \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Symptoms: & - Thick yellow/green discharge from genitals \{\{nl\}\} - Can be asymptomatic \{\{nl\}\} - Can cause infertility, pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancies, blind babies \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Spread: & - Unprotected sex \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Treatment and Prevention: & - Barrier methods of contraception \{\{nl\}\} - can be treated with antibiotics but many strains are now becoming resistant to penicillin \{\{nl\}\} - tracing of all sexual partners in essential so all individuals can be treated and/or treated \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 10)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Measles}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Measles is a highly contagious and potentialyl fatal viral infection.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Most often seen in children so the majority of young children are vaccinated} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Symptoms}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- fever} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- red skin and a rash} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- can lead to blindness and brain damage in extremely severe cases} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Spread}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- inhalation of droplets from coughs and sneezes} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- very infectious as these droplets can linger in the air/on surfaces} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Treatment and Prevention}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- no treatment so infected people must be isolated to stop spread} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- greatly reduced in the UK due to improved living conditions and a vaccination programme for young children in place} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Salmonella}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Salmonella food poisoning is spread by bacteria ingested in food or food which has been prepared in unhygienic conditions} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- found in the gut of many different animals} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Symptoms}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- symptoms start between 8-72 hours after eating food} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- generally doesn't last for more than a few days} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- more serious in young children and the eldery due to dehydration} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- fever} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- vomiting} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- diarrhoea} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- abdominal cramps} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Spread}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- uncooked, contaminated food, including eggs and chicken} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- bacteria can remain on surfaces for some time after so other foods can also get infected} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Treatment and Prevention}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- chickens in the UK are vaccinated for salmonella} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- food should be cooked thoroughly} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- hands should be washed before and after handling raw meat and other foods} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- raw meat shouldn't be washed} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Tobacco Mosaic Virus}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Introduction: \{\{nobreak\}\} & - Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) was the first virus to be isolated \{\{nl\}\} - Widespread plant pathogen which affects \textasciitilde{}150 species of plant \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Symptoms: & - Mosaic pattern leaf discolouration \{\{nl\}\} - Stunted growth due to lack of photosynthesis taking place \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Spread: & - Plants in direct contact with an infected plant can also get the disease \{\{nl\}\} - This particular virus can remain in the soil for \textasciitilde{}50 years \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Treatment and Prevention: & - No treatment currently \{\{nl\}\} - Good field hygiene is the best method of control of TMV (this includes destroying any infected plants as soon as possible) \{\{nl\}\} - Gentically-modified TMV-resistant crops could be grown \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 10)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}