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% Document Info
\author{Cheetography}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (gcse-aqa-chemistry-paper-1.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Cheetography)
  /Subject (GCSE AQA Chemistry Paper 1 Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{GCSE AQA Chemistry Paper 1 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Cheetography} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/203278/cs/43417/}}}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Cheetography \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/cheetography} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 16th May, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.84609 cm} x{4.13091 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chemical Reactions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Element} & a substance containing only one type of atom eg Mg, O2 \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Compound} & a substance containing two or more different types of atoms that are {\bf{CHEMICALLY BONDED}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Equations must be balanced due to the {\bf{PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF MASS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.84149 cm} x{3.13551 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mixtures \& Separation Techniques}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Filtration & removes large, insoluble particles from a liquid. eg, sand from water \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Evaporation & leaves behind crystals of a dissolved substance (solute) if heated gently ({\bf{CRYSTALLISATION}}) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Distillation & involves condensin the evaported solvent and collecting it \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Fractional Distillation & can separate liquids due to their different boiling points \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Chromatography} & causes substance to rise up due to {\bf{CAPILLARY ACTION}}. Lighter particles move further up (links to paper 2) \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.44333 cm} x{3.53367 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{States of Matter}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Solid & - particles in regular arrangement (lattice) \{\{nl\}\}  -  vibrate about {\bf{FIXED POSITIONS}} \{\{nl\}\}  - cannot be compressed \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Liquids & - particles have no regular arrangement \{\{nl\}\}  - able to move past each other \{\{nl\}\}  - cannot be compressed \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Gas & - particles are far apart \{\{nl\}\}  - move randomly at fast speeds (high energy) \{\{nl\}\}  - can be compressed \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Solid -{}-\textgreater{} Liquid & melting \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Liquid -{}-\textgreater{} Gas & evaporation or boiling \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Gas -{}-\textgreater{} Liquid & condensing \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Liquid -{}-\textgreater{} Solid & freezing or solidification \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Solid \textless{}-{}-\textgreater{} Gas & sublimation \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Physical Change & no new substance made \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Energy (heat) is needed to overcome the {\bf{ELECTROSTATIC FORCES OF ATTRACTION}} between particles to melt/evaporate substances} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.14425 cm} x{2.56312 cm} x{0.86963 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Atomic Structure}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Ancient Greeks & thought that matter was made of small indivisible particles &  \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
JJ Thomson & - plum pudding model \{\{nl\}\}  - a ball of an overall positive charge \{\{nl\}\}  - small, negatively charged electrons embedded throughout &  \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Ernest \seqsplit{Rutherford} & - discovered that the nucleus was small and positively charged \{\{nl\}\}  - gold leaf alpha scattering experiment \{\{nl\}\}  - most particles went straight through but some were deflected back \{\{nl\}\}  - cloud of electrons surrounding nucleus &  \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 11)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Neils Bohr & - electrons exist in "shells" &  \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
James Chadwick & - nucleus must contain protons and neutrons &  \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 6
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Subatomic Particle & Relative Charge & \seqsplit{Relative} Mass \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 7
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proton & +1 & 1 \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.14425 cm} x{2.56312 cm} x{0.86963 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Atomic Structure (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
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neutron & 0 & 1 \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 9
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electron & -1 & 0 (very small) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.44333 cm} x{3.53367 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Atomic \& Mass Numbers}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Mass Number (Ar) & - top number \{\{nl\}\}  - number of protons + neutrons in a nucleus \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Atomic Number & - bottom number \{\{nl\}\}  - number of protons in a nucleus \{\{nl\}\}  - an atom must also have this number of electrons in order to be neutral. If not, it is an ion instead. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Some mass numbers are not whole numbers because the Ar is an {\bf{AVERAGE}} of all isotopes} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{average mass = total mass of 100 atoms/100} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Development of the Periodic Table}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The elements were initially ordered according to their {\bf{ATOMIC "WEIGHT"}} even though grouped together due to having {\bf{SIMILAR PROPERTIES}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{DMITRI MENDELEEV}} realised that it made more sense to swap/reverse the order of some elements} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{His table had gaps in, which he predicted would be for elements not yet discovered} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{In time, this table was proven largely correct due to {\bf{PEER REVIEW}} and so it is not the basis of the modern periodic table} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9954 cm} x{3.9816 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Metals \& Non-Metals}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Metals & - left of the periodic table \{\{nl\}\}  - always {\bf{DONATE}} electrons to gain an empty outer shell \{\{nl\}\}  - they form {\bf{POSITIVE IONS}} \{\{nl\}\}  - transition metals also form positive ions but form different numbers \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Non-Metals} & - right of the periodic table \{\{nl\}\}  - always {\bf{ACCEPT}} electrons to gain a full outer shell \{\{nl\}\}  - can share electrons (see bonding) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.84149 cm} x{3.13551 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Groups 1, 7 and 0}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Group 1 - Alkali Metals & - react with water to produce an alkali \{\{nl\}\}  - they all form a 1+ ion (eg Na\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{}) \{\{nl\}\}  - Get {\bf{MORE REACTIVE}} as you go down the group because the outer shell electron is further from the nucleus so is donated more readily due to the lower force of attraction so easier to lose an electron \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 12)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Group 7 - Halogens & - form 1- ion (eg Cl\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{}) \{\{nl\}\}  - boiling point increases going down the group \{\{nl\}\}  - they get {\bf{LESS REACTIVE}} going down the group as the force of attraction decreases so harder to gain an electron \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 9)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Group 0 - Noble Gases & - very unreactive as they already have an empty outer shell \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The final bullet point for Group 1 and 7 is a very common 3-5 mark question so learn it in detail! 3 marks is common for either group and 5 marks is usually for both together.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.84149 cm} x{3.13551 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Groups 1, 7 and 0}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Group 1 - Alkali Metals & - react with water to produce an alkali \{\{nl\}\}  - they all form a 1+ ion (eg Na\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{}) \{\{nl\}\}  - Get {\bf{MORE REACTIVE}} as you go down the group because the outer shell electron is further from the nucleus so is donated more readily due to the lower force of attraction so easier to lose an electron \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 12)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Group 7 - Halogens & - form 1- ion (eg Cl\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{}) \{\{nl\}\}  - boiling point increases going down the group \{\{nl\}\}  - they get {\bf{LESS REACTIVE}} going down the group as the force of attraction decreases so harder to gain an electron \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 9)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Group 0 - Noble Gases & - very unreactive as they already have an empty outer shell \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Transition Metals & - can donate different numbers of electrons \{\{nl\}\}  - Iron (II) =\textgreater{} Fe\textasciicircum{}2+\textasciicircum{} while Iron (III) =\textgreater{} Fe\textasciicircum{}3+\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The final bullet point for Group 1 and 7 is a very common 3-5 mark question so learn it in detail! 3 marks is common for either group and 5 marks is usually for both together.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}