\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{chantalcramm} \pdfinfo{ /Title (chemistry-1030-unit-5-bonding-and-nomenclature.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (chantalcramm) /Subject (Chemistry 1030: Unit 5 - Bonding and Nomenclature Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{18BD13} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F0FAF0} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Chemistry 1030: Unit 5 - Bonding and Nomenclature Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{chantalcramm} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/169234/cs/35427/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}chantalcramm \\ \uline{cheatography.com/chantalcramm} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 13th November, 2022.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Review}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Valance Electron: Group Number.} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Compound: A substance composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Forming Ions}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Atoms of metals have few valance electrons (1-2) thus they tend to lose electrons to form a positive ion (cations).} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Atoms of non-metals have many valance electrons (4-7) thus they tend to gain electrons to form negative ions (anions).} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{They do this to become stable in their outer shell.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.54924 cm} x{1.46464 cm} x{2.56312 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ionic Bonding: Type I}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{Format:} & Name of Cation (metal) & Base Name of Anion (non-metal) + {\emph{ide}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{Example:} & NaCl & Sodium Chlor{\emph{ide}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & MgBr\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{} & Magnesium Brom{\emph{ide}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.91894 cm} x{1.08602 cm} p{0.91894 cm} x{1.2531 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Roman Numerals}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 1 = I & 3 = III & 5 = V & 7 = VII \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} 2 = II & 4 = IV & 6 = VI & 8 = VIII \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.50124 cm} p{0.79363 cm} x{1.46195 cm} x{1.42018 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ionic Bonding: Type II}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{Format:} & Name of Cation \seqsplit{(metal)} & (Charge of cation (metal) in roman numerals) & Base name of Anion (non-metal) + {\emph{ide}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{Example:} CuCl & Copper & (I) & Chlor{\emph{ide}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} CuCl\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{} & Copper & (II) & Chlor{\emph{ide}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.64701 cm} x{4.32999 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{VSEPR Theory}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{VSEPR:} & A theory based on the idea that electron groups (lone pairs, single bonds, or multiple bonds) repel each other. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{VSEPR Ther}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 0 (+ 0) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Drawing the Lewis Structure/Bonding}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Step One: & Draw the lewis structure for each covalent compound. \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Step Two: & Identify the bonds as single, double, or triple. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Step Three: & Label the bonding and non-bonding electrons. \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Example}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/chantalcramm_1668343654_lewis structures.jpeg}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bonding - Why?}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Octet Rule: Atoms bond in such a way as to obtain a full outer shell (8).} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Bonding involved valance electrons only.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{In general, atoms either transfer or share electrons to obtain a full outer shell (8).} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Valance electrons are responsible for the chemical properties of an atom.} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ionic Bonding: Dot and Cross}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/chantalcramm_1668276022_Ionic bond criss cross.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Naming Compounds: Nomenclature}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Is it Ionic? (Metal + One or more non-metals)} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{If so go to Type I and Type II.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{OR} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Is it Covalent? (All non-metals)} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{If so go to Type III.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electron Groups}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{To determine the shape of a molecule, count only electron groups around the central atom.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Each of the following is consider {\emph{one electron group}}:} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Non-Bonding Pair - (A lone {\emph{pair}} of electrons)} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Bonding Electrons - (single, double, or triple)} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Example: CH\textasciicircum{}4\textasciicircum{} has 4 electron groups (4 single bonds, 0 lone pairs)} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64241 cm} x{3.33459 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Drawing Molecular Geometries}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Straight Line: & Bond in plane of paper. \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Hashed Line: & Bonding going into paper. \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Wedge: & Bond coming out of the paper. \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Terms}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Single Bond: & One pair of electrons shared between two atoms (Cl\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{}) \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Double Bond: & Two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms. (O\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{}) \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Triple Bond: & Three pairs of electrons shared between two atoms. (N\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{}) \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Bonding Electrons: & Electrons shared between atoms. \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Non-Bonding Electrons: & Electrons only found on one atom. (Lone pairs) \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Overall: & Draw the lewis structure and determine how they will bond with one another to have full outer shells (8). \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 5) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Identify the bonding and non-bonding electrons. \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.9862 cm} x{1.9908 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Summary}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Ionic Bonding: & Covalent Bonding: \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Metal + One or more non-metals. & All non-metals. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Electrons are transferred. & Electrons are shared. \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Ions are formed. & Ions are not formed. \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Ex. NaHCO\textasciicircum{}3\textasciicircum{} or NaCl & Ex. F\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{} or CO\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Prefixes}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1 = Mono} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2 = Di} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Covalent Bonding: Type III}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Format:} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Example: N\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{}O} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{IF\textasciicircum{}3\textasciicircum{}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{B\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{}H\textasciicircum{}8\textasciicircum{}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{CS\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Drawing Lewis Structures (2 Atoms or more)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Step One: & Draw the lewis structure for each atom separetly. \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Step Two: & The atom that has the most unpaired electrons is the central atom. \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Step Three: & The other atoms will share electrons with the central atom. \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Example}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/chantalcramm_1668344204_OF2 Lewis.jpg}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Possible Geometries}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/chantalcramm_1668344831_moleculargeometry-195273854.jpg}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}