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% Document Info
\author{chakraoishee}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (ap-chemistry-periodic-trends.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (chakraoishee)
  /Subject (AP Chemistry Periodic Trends Cheat Sheet)
}

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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{AP Chemistry Periodic Trends Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{chakraoishee} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/40046/cs/13170/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}chakraoishee \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/chakraoishee} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 18th October, 2017.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Effective Nuclear Charge}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Z `effective` \textless{} Z `actual` b/c Z `effective` also accounts for repulsion of an electron by other electron \newline  \newline Z `effective` = Z - S \newline  \newline electrons int he same shell do not screen but repel each other \newline  \newline {\bf{EXAMPLE}} \newline Na: 1s\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{}2s\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{}2p\textasciicircum{}6\textasciicircum{}3s\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{}  \newline 11\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} \{number of protons\} - 10\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{}\{number of electrons in Ne core\} = 1\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} \{effective nuclear charge of the 3s valence electron\}}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ionization Energy}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{ionization energy = minimal energy needed to remove an electron from a neutral atom \newline first ionization = energy required to remove first electron \newline {\bf{EXAMPLE}} Na (g) -{}-\textgreater{} Na \textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} (g) + e\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{} \newline second ionization = energy required to remove second election \newline {\bf{EXAMPLE}} Na\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} (g) -{}-\textgreater{} Na\textasciicircum{}2+\textasciicircum{} (g) + e\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{} \newline the greater the ionization energy, the more difficult to remove the electron \newline moving from left to right, ionization values increase \newline ionization values decrease from top to bottom}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Size of Atoms}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{electron clouds of colliding atoms cannot penetrate each other to any significant extent \newline nonbonding atomic radius \textgreater{} bonding atomic radius \newline {\bf{why is bonding atomic radius 0.5d?}}      \newline \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \newline bonding atomic radius increases from top to bottom of table \newline bonding atomic raius decreases from left to right}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electron Configurations}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{when electrons are removed from an atom to form a cation, they are removed from orbitals with the largest n value \newline when electrons are added to an atom, they are added to the orbitals with the lowest n value}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{cations are smaller than the parent atom \newline anions are bigger than parent atom \newline {\bf{is there are a trend for ion size in the periodic table?}} \newline \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{electron affinity = measurement of attraction of the atom for the added electron \newline {\bf{how is affinity measured?}} \newline \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \newline \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \newline \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\seqsplit{\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_} \newline \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \newline \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \newline \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \newline \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \newline \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \newline \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \newline \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \newline \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_}  \tn 
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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