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% Document Info
\author{cbowenbio}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (unit-1-biomolecules.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (cbowenbio)
  /Subject (Unit 1: Biomolecules Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Unit 1: Biomolecules Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{cbowenbio} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/203003/cs/43173/}}}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}cbowenbio \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/cbowenbio} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 23rd April, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\end{multicols}}




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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Water Chemistry}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Properties}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Cohesion: water sticking to itself with hydrogen bonds (causes surface tension)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2. Adhesion: water sticking to other polar/charged molecules  (causes capillary action)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3. High specific heat: water can absorb a lot of heat without changing temperature} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{4. Excellent solvent: can bond with and 'dissolve' other charged or polar molecules} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Water is polar}}: it has one partially positive side (Hs) and one partially negative side (O), due to uneven sharing of electrons} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Water is polar. That polarity causes hydrogen bonds to form and makes water the {\emph{solvent of life}}}  \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Forming Hydrogen Bonds}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/cbowenbio_1713882523_Water Chem.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hydrolysis and Dehydration Synthesis}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Hydrolysis}} & {\bf{Dehydration Synthesis}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
hydro - water    lysis - break down & dehydration - remove water    synthesis - building \tn 
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% Row 2
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- process using water to break bonds in a polymer & - process creating polymers from monomers and removing water \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Polymer + H2O -\textgreater{} Monomer & Monomers -\textgreater{} Polymers +H2O \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Process used to build polymers ({\bf{dehydration synthesis}}) and break down polymers ({\bf{hydrolysis}})}  \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Activation Energy}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/cbowenbio_1713883116_images (3).jpg}}} \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Carbohydrates}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Monosaccharides - single unit sugar (glucose, fructose, etc)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Polysaccharides - multiple unit sugar (starch, sucrose, lactose)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Use for short term, quick energy} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{C`x` H`2x` O`x` \textless{}-{}- chemical formula} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Carbohydrates contain {\bf{CARBON, HYDROGEN, and OXYGEN}}}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lipids}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-fatty acids, triglycerides, and phospholipids} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-stored in long chains with significantly MORE hydrogens and carbons than oxygens} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. {\emph{unsaturated fatty acids}} - contain a 'kink' in the tail caused by 1 or more double bonds. Liquid at room temperature due to loose packing of the fatty acid chains. Many plant fats.} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2. {\emph{saturated fatty acids}} - very straight chain caused by full saturation of hydrogens (no double bonds). Solid at room temperature. MAny animal fats (and modified plant fats)} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Lipids contain {\bf{CARBON, HYDROGEN, and OXYGEN}} {\emph{sometimes include phosphorus}}}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Proteins}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{Primary structure}}: & the sequence/order of amino acids \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Secondary structure}}: & the hydrogen bonds occurring between the backbones of the amino acids (does not involve R groups) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
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{\bf{Tertiary structure}}: & R group interactions (polar versus nonpolar, hydrophobicity, and charge) \tn 
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% Row 3
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{\bf{Quaternary structure}}: & Multiple polypeptide chains \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{monomer: amino acids (there are 20 total)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{polymer: polypeptide/proteins} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{includes: enzymes, structural proteins, transport proteins, etc.} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Contains {\bf{CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN}} {\emph{sometimes sulfur}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.09034 cm} x{2.88666 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nucleic Acids}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Nucleotides (monomer): & contains, nitrogen base (A, T, C, G, or U), sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), and a phosphate group \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{DNA}} & {\emph{RNA}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
double-stranded & single-stranded \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
deoxyribose sugar & ribose sugar \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
genetic code found in nucelus & genetic copy that is the intermediate to make a protein \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{contains {\bf{CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, PHOSPHORUS, and NITROGEN}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reaction Types}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/cbowenbio_1713882995_biol11-lesson-2-graphics-dehydration-hydrolysis_orig.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.44333 cm} x{3.53367 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Enzymes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Substrate}}: & {\emph{reactant}}, acted on by the enzyme \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Active Site}}: & region of the enzyme that the substrate binds to \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Enzymes are catalysts - they help speed up a reaction (lower activation energy) but are reusable} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Enzymes can be {\bf{denatured}} - this means tht the enzyme loses it's ability to function} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- temperature changes (heat and cold), pH changes, salinity, etc.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Enzyme and substrate concentration can also affect function} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\textasciicircum{}as substrate concentration increases, the reaction rate will also increase UNTIL it reaches the saturation point\textasciicircum{}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\textasciicircum{}as enzyme concentration increases, reaction rate will also increase exponentially as long as substrate presence is constant\textasciicircum{}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{competitive inhibitors}} bind at the active site and compete with substrates} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{noncompetitive inhibitors}} bind a different part of the enzyme and cause the enzyme to change shape and not be able to bind the substrate anymore} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Proteins that are designed to accelerate chemical reactions in living systems}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}