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% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
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% Document Info
\author{Carm (Carmilaa)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (introduction-to-antimicrobials.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Carm (Carmilaa))
  /Subject (Introduction to Antimicrobials Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Introduction to Antimicrobials Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Carm (Carmilaa)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/49544/cs/15398/}}}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Carm (Carmilaa) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/carmilaa} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 6th April, 2018.\\
   Updated 6th April, 2018.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
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\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.57918 cm} x{1.85382 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Chemotherapy:}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Antimicrobials:}} & {\bf{Anti-cancer Drugs:}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\textgreater{} antibacterials & \textgreater{} alkylating agents \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textgreater{} antivirals & \textgreater{} natural products \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\textgreater{} antiprotozols & \textgreater{} hormones \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textgreater{} antifungals & \textgreater{} antimetabolites \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\textgreater{} anthelmitics (antiparasitic)} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Chemotherapeutic Agents:}}  \newline Chemicals intended to be {\bf{toxic}} to the pathogenic organism, but {\bf{innocuous}}  to the host.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Humans vs. Microorganisms:}}}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/carmilaa_1523007950_image1.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Mechanisms of Antibiotics:}}}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Antibacterial Drug Targets:}} \newline 1. Inhibit cell wall synthesis and function \newline 2. Inhibit nucleic acid cell wall and function \newline 3. Inhibit protein synthesis \newline  \newline \textgreater{} Human cells have no cell wall \newline \textgreater{} Human cells have 60S and 40S ribosomal units \newline \textgreater{} Human cells have different forms of enzymes}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Different Types of Bacteria"}}}}  \tn
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Antibiotic Activity for Microorganisms:}}}}  \tn
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{An antibiotic that inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis?}} \newline β-Lactam antibiotics are bacteriocidal and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The final step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan is facilitated by penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).}  \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Normal Flora of Body:}}}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{General side effects of antibiotics:}} \newline Vomiting. \newline Severe watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps. \newline Allergic reaction (shortness of breath, hives, swelling of lips, face, or tongue, fainting) \newline Rash. \newline Vaginal itching or discharge. \newline White patches on the tongue}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Resistance:}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{3 ways in which resistance is spread:} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1. Transfer of resistant bacteria between people} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{2. Transfer of resistance genes between bacteria (plasmids)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{3. Transfer of resistance genes between genetic elements within bacteria (transposons)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Genetic determinants of AB resistance:}}}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1. CHROMOSOMAL DETERMINANTS: MUTATIONS: Division may give rise to a mutation in a gene, probability of a mutation causing a change in drug sensitivity to drug resistance can be quite high. The presence of a few mutants is not sufficient to produce resistance: despite the selective advantage that the resistant mutants possess, the drastic reduction of the population by the antibiotic usually enables the host's natural defenses to prevail at least in acute, if not chronic, infections. However, the outcome may not be quite so happy if the primary infection is caused by a drug-resistant strain.  \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 13)
2. GENE AMPLIFICATION: treatment with antibiotics can induce an increased number of copies for pre-existing resistance genes such as antibiotic-destroying enzymes and efflux pumps% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{3. EXTRACHROMOSOMAL DETERMINANTS: PLASMIDS exist free in the cytoplasm. These are also genetic elements that can replicate independently. Plasmids that carry genes for resistance to antibiotics (r genes) are referred to as R plasmids. Much of the drug resistance encountered in clinical medicine is plasmid determined. It is not known how these genes arose.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Transfer of resistance between bacteria:}}}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/carmilaa_1523014168_image14.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.99114 cm} x{1.44186 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Biochemical mechanisms of resistance:}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1. Alteration of drug-sensitive or drug-binding site & \textgreater{} Mutation \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
2. Production of an enzyme that inactivates the drug & \textgreater{} Destruction or inactivation \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
3. Alteration of enzyme pathways & \textgreater{} Destruction or inactivation \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
4. Decreased accumulation in bacterium & \textgreater{} Efflux \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}