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%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
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% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
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% Document Info
\author{candy\_s}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (science-09-biology.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (candy\_s)
  /Subject (Science 09 - Biology Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Science 09 - Biology Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{candy\_s} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/46463/cs/13493/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}candy\_s \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/candy-s} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 17th November, 2017.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Advantages \& Disadvantages - Asexual Reproduction}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Advantages - many offsprings produced quickly when conditions are favourable and ensure species may survive when conditions or \# of predators change, little energy required to find a mate, large colonies can form to out-compete other organisms for nutrients \& water} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Disadvantages - negative mutation can make offspring susceptible to disease, can destroy large \# of offspring, some ways produce offspring close together = competing for food and space, unfavourable conditions (extreme temperature) can wipe out entire colony} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DNA}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{DNA - a molecule that stores the genetic information of an organism, 4 nitrogen bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{States of DNA of increasing compactness - uncoiled double helix, chromatin, chromosomes} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Contains the instructions for a cell to function} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nucleus}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Proteins are not made here, activities carried out form here can be studied using nanotechnology, DNA of eukaryotic cells found here} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Cytoplasm \& duplicated organelles divide during cytokinesis, duplicated contents in cell's nucleus divides during mitosis} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Binary Fission}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Binary Fission - reproduction of prokaryotic cells (w/out nucleus), into 2 daughter cells after DNA replication, no cell cycle \& mitosis} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Vegetative Fragmentation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Fragmentation - if an organism breaks apart from injury, each fragment develops into a clone of its parent} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Vegetative Reproduction}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Reproduction - special cells (usually in plant stems or roots divide repeatedly to from structure that will develop into an identical plant to parent} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Disadvantages - new plants grow closely to each other and parent, can lead to competition for soil, nutrients and light - less healthy plants} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cloning}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Cloning - technology used in agriculture and research to copy desired organisms, tissues, genes} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{cloning that produces genetic duplicate of cells, tissues, organisms, for correcting health problems} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reproductive Cloning}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Reproductive Cloning - produces a genetic duplicate of existing or dead organisms through somatic cell nuclear transfer, requires stem cells} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{1: remove nucleus from egg cell 2: remove mammary gland cell from adult female 3: fuse mammary \& egg cell w/ electricity 4: fused cell begins dividing 5: insert dividing embryo into a surrogate female's uterus} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{controversial since best stem cells are form embryos which are destroyed when harvesting cells} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Stem Cells}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Stem Cells - a cell that can become/produce different kinds of cells by differentiation, can be used to replace damaged cells from injuries or disease} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Checkpoints}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Checkpoints - prevent division if cell's out of nutrients, DNA not replicated or is damaged} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gene Mutation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Gene Mutation - results in the death of an organism, substitution, addition, deletion can occur during DNA replication or when chromosomes fail to move into 2 cells , proteins' effect on the organism may be positive, negative, or neutral, if involved checkpoints = out of control cell cycle = cancer} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Genes = segments of DNA, located on chromosomes} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cancer Cells}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Cancer cells - damaged cells may replicate unchecked, generally is the result of mutation, cancer doesn't result from cells that don't have adequate nutrients} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chromosome Mutation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Chromosome Mutation - occurs randomly \& naturally or because of mutagens (radiation, chemicals), can lead to genetic disease or death, changes in chromosomes can cause changes in Genetic Information(during meiosis), can be passed on to an offspring} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Whole Chromosomes Mutation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Whole Chromosome Mutation - can occur in meiosis I when homologous chromosomes fail to separate or when sister chromatids fail to separate in meiosis II} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Result: 1 gamete will have 2 copies and i will have 0, zygotes rarely survive w/ the result if they do = serious genetic disorder} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Advantages \& Disadvantages - Sexual Reproduction}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Advantages - offspring are genetically different form their parents, may survive new diseases or other threats appeared in a population, more protection to embryo and more parental care to offspring, sperm are deposited inside the female (internal), little energy required to fins a mate and great \# of offsprings can repopulate an area after a disaster (external)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Disadvantages - fewer offspring produced, if \# of predators increase, population will decline, more energy to find a mate and may expose individuals to predators, diseases, or harsh environmental conditions (internal), gametes, embryos, and offsprings unprotected and often are preyed upon (external)} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}