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\author{bwnhhjvyszginfpk}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (personal-cheatsheet-for-chemistry.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (bwnhhjvyszginfpk)
  /Subject (Personal Cheatsheet for Chemistry Cheat Sheet)
}

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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Personal Cheatsheet for Chemistry Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{bwnhhjvyszginfpk} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/217519/cs/47780/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}bwnhhjvyszginfpk \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/bwnhhjvyszginfpk} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 9th March, 2026.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.60195 cm} x{2.01388 cm} x{0.96117 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Formulae and Definitions and Constants}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Boyle's Law & At constant temperature, volume occupied by fixed amount of gas inversely proportional to the applied pressure & pV = pV \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Charles' Law & At constant pressure, volume of a fixed amount of gas directly proportional to its absolute temperature & V/T = V/T \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Avogadro's Law & At the same temperature and pressure, = volumes of any gas contains the same number of particles & V ∝ n \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Dalton's Law of partial pressure & In a mixture of gases which do not interact with one another, the total pressure of the mixture is the sum of the partial pressure of the constituent gases & P = P + P + P \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.60195 cm} x{2.01388 cm} x{0.96117 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Formulae and Definitions and Constants (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Pressure & Force per unit area &  \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
R & Gas constant &  \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Partial pressure & The pressure exerted by the gas if it alone occupies the container at the same temperature & P  = x ⋅ \seqsplit{P(total)} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 6)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
General gas law / Ideal gas law & (pV)/T = (pV)/T &  \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Density, d & m/V &  \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Molar mass & (mRT)/pV &  \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & (dRT)/p &  \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Mole fraction (x) & nA / (nA + nB) &  \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Vapour pressure & Pressure exerted by a vapour in equilibrium with its liquid at a fixed temperature &  \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 5)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
Boiling point & Temperature at which its vapour pressure equals external pressure &  \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 4)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Volatility & The readiness of a liquid to evaporate &  \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
Crystal lattice & Regular arrangement of atoms, molecules or ions &  \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.60195 cm} x{2.01388 cm} x{0.96117 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Formulae and Definitions and Constants (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Unit cell & Small repeating unit that makes up a crystal &  \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
Crystal system & Method of classifying crystalline substances based on their unit cellst &  \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Coordination number & Number of nearest neighbouring atoms that are in direct contact with a given atom &  \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 19
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Allotropes & Different structural forms of the same element &  \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Allotropy & Elements that can exist in more than one crystalline structural form (under same temperature and pressure) &  \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Solids}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Fixed volume and shape} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Particles closely packed, strongly held in fixed positions by strong attractive forces} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Extremely difficult to compress} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Definitions and formulae again}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Forward & Left to right \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Backward & Right to left \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Chemical equilibrium & Rates of forward and backward reaction are equal (conc const) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Dynamic equilibrium & Both forward and reverse reactions continue indefinitely even though chemical equilibrium is attained \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Law of mass action / equilibrium law & Kc = {[}product{]}\textasciicircum{}x / {[}reactant{]}\textasciicircum{}y​ \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Equilibrium constant of concentratoin & Kc \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Equilibrium partial pressure of the gases present & Kp = (product)\textasciicircum{}x / (reactant)\textasciicircum{}y \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & K = 1/K\textasciicircum{}-1 \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Kp - Kc(RT)\textasciicircum{}Δn \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Heterogeneous equilibrium & Rreactants and products are present in more than one phase \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Le Chatelier's Principle & If an external stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system adjusts in such a way that the stress is partially offset as the system reaches a new equilibrium position \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 9)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Definitions and formulae again (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Isolated system & No exchange of matter or energy between the system and its surroundings \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
Electrolyte & Chemical compound that will conduct electricity in molten state or aqueous solution \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Strong electrolyte & Compound which is fully dissociated into ions when in molten or aqueous solution \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
Weak electrolyte & Partially dissociates " " \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 1 - α (almost) = 1 \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Ka = cα\textasciicircum{}2 \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & α = √(Ka / c ) \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {[}H+{]} = cα  / √(Ka x c ) \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & pKa = -log Ka \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
Equivalence point & The point at which there are equal amounts of H3O+ and OH- in the titration flask= \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 5)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
End point & The point at which the indicator changes colour \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
Buffer solution & Solution that keeps its pH almost the same \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Definitions and formulae again (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & pH = pKa + log {[}salt{]}/{[}acid{]} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Henderson-Hasselbalch} equation & pOH = pKb + log {[}salt{]}/{[}base{]} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Buffer capacity & {[}acid{]} = {[}salt{]} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Curve}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Particles at constant temperature, constant random motion} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Speed of particles varies, wide range} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Most particles move at a speed very close to the average} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Peak of each curve = most probable speed} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Area under the curve = total number of gas particles} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Areas under both curves are equal} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Increase in temperature, increase in motion} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Curve shifts right and flattens out} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{At higher temperature, less most probable speed, more high speed particles} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Average kinetic energy same} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Lighter molecules move faster than heavier molecules} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.44333 cm} x{3.53367 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Vaporisation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Open container & Water molecules at surface gain energy, change to water vapour \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Water vapour molecules escape into air \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Volume decrease \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Closed container & Water vapour cannot escape \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Vapour formed, molecules collide with wall of container (vapour pressure) \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Some vapour molecules lose energy, condense \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Vaporisation and condensation occur continuously, dynamic equilibrium \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Rate of vaporisation = Rate of condensation (saturated vapour pressure) \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.84149 cm} x{3.13551 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Allotropes of carbon}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Diamond}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Hard & Interconnected, 3D array of strong covalent bonds \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Geometrical rigidity \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Insulator & Four valence electrons used in bonding \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & No free mobile electrons \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Insoluble & Strong covalent bond network \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Very high melting point & Strong covalent bond network \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Large amount energy \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Graphite}} (sp3 hybridisation, layered)} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Soft and slippery & Weak vdW between layers, slide over easily \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Electrical conductor & Delocalised p electrons free to move \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Insoluble & Strong covalent bond network \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Very high melting point & Strong covalent bonds within layers \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Fullerene}}, C60, 20 hexa, 12 penta, sp2 hybridised} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Soft and slippery & Covalent bonds in molecules \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Weak vdW between molecules \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Electrical insulator & No free electrons \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
Insoluble in water & Bonded very tightly \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Kinetic Concept of Liquid}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A liquid has fixed volume, shape follows container} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Greater forces of attraction than gas, less than solid} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Particles move randomly (vibrational, rotational, some translational)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Particles closely packed (not easily compressed)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Equilibrium constant and position of equilibrium}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Qc \textless{} Kc & Left to right \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Qc  = Kc & no change \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Qc \textgreater{} Kc & Right to left \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Buffer solution}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Conditions & Enough acid to react with any base added \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Enough base to react with any acid added \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Acid and base in buffer do not neutralise each other completely \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Types & Acidic buffer \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Basic buffer \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Assumptions to calculate pH of acidic buffers & {[}HA{]} assumbed to be the concentration of acid used (acid very slightly dissociated) \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {[}A-{]} assumed to be concentration of salt used (salt fully dissociates, concentration of A- by weak acid negligible) \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 6)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Explanation for titration & Initially, pH falls significantly \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & pH falls slowly (buffer zone) \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & mixture of unreacted weak base and salt, () formed \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Preparation & Dissolving () mol of () and 1 mol of () in water and diluting to 1dm\textasciicircum{}3 \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lattice structure}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Metallic solid}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Body centered cubic / face centered cubic / hexagonal close packed} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Copper: face centered cubic, coordination number: 12} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Simple molecular solid}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Lattice points occupied by molecules} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Attractive force: vdW, Between iodine: covalent bonds} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Iodine: Face centered cubic} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ionic solid}} (NaCl)} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Held by strong electrostatic forces} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Two interpenetrating face-centered cubic arrays} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{6:6 coordination number} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ideal Gas Concept}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Molecules occupy negligible volume compared to the volume of the container} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{There are no forces of attraction between the molecules} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.34379 cm} x{3.63321 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Deviation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Reasons & Gas molecules have finite volume \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Intermolecular forces of attraction \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Positive deviation} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Cause & Repulsion forces \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Finite volume of particles \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Explanation} & Very high pressure, volume of container very small \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Particles very close together, repulsion forces \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Particles collide with walls more often \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Exerted pressure greater \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Negative deviation} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cause & Intermolecular forces of attraction \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Explanation} & External pressure increase, particles move closer together \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Attractive forces occur \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Particles collide less frequently with container \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Exerted pressure lower \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
Ideal behaviour & Low pressure (no intermolecular forces) \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & High temperature (high kinetic energy) \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.34379 cm} x{3.63321 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Vapour pressure \& Boiling point \& Volatility}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Vapour Pressure} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Causes & Collision of particles onto the wall of the container \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Factors & Temperature \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Temperature increase, more fraction of molecules move fast enough to escape surface of liquid \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Boiling point} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Factors & External pressure \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Volatile liquid} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Characteristics} & Higher VP \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Lower BP \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Weak intermolecular forces (high tendency escape become vapour) \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{* liquid boils when vapour pressure equals external pressure} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{bubbles of vapour formed in liquid, escape to atmosphere, VP high enough overcome ext P} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Kinetic Theory of Gases}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The gas consists of tiny particles of negligible volume} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Intermolecular forces of attraciton do not exist between gas particles} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The molecules of a gas are in continuous random motion} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The gaseous particles are perfectly elastic} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The average kinetic energy of the gas molecules is directly proportional to the absolute temperature} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Le Chatelier's Principle}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of solids}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Crystalline} & Well-defined shape \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Particles occur in orderly arrangement \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Ice, diamond, NaCl \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Amorphous} & Poorly defined shape \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & No long range ordering \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Glass, rubber, plastic \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.96117 cm} x{1.78503 cm} x{1.8308 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Acids and bases}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Acid & Base \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Arrhenius} Theory & Substances which dissociate in water to produce H+ & Substances that dissolve in water to produce OH- \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Bronsted-Lowry} Theory & Substances which donate a proton & Substances which accept a proton \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Conjugate base & Conjugate acid \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Lewis Theory & Electron pair acceptor & Electron pair donor \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 0)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Strength} & Ability to form H3O+ or OH- (Arrhenius theory) &  \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Accept or donate protons \seqsplit{(Bronsted-Lowry)} &  \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Strong acids & Greater tendency to donate proton &  \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Equilibrium more to the right &  \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Difficult for conjugate base to accept the proton (weak conjugate base) &  \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Weak acids & Position of equilibrium indicates the extent of dissociation of acid, acid strength &  \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.96117 cm} x{1.78503 cm} x{1.8308 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Acids and bases (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Acid stronger, Ka bigger &  \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Indicators}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Methyl orange} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Methyl red} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Bromothymol blue} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Phenolphthalein} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 0)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Explaination}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{pH changes before equivalence point} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{pH changes at the equivalence point} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{pH chages after the equivalence point} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Choice of indicator} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}