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\author{Dani D (Bubble)}
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  /Title (psyc-mid-childhood-emotional-and-social-dev.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Dani D (Bubble))
  /Subject (Psyc Mid.Childhood - Emotional \& Social Dev. Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Psyc Mid.Childhood - Emotional \& Social Dev. Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Dani D (Bubble)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/121742/cs/22426/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Dani D (Bubble) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/bubble} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 19th April, 2020.\\
   Updated 19th April, 2020.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Erikson's Theory}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Major Question: "How can I be good?"} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Basic Virtue: Competence.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Important Event(s): School} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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INDUSTRY & INFERIORITY \tn 
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develop a sense of competence at useful skills and tasks & can result in social and emotional struggles \tn 
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develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments & pessimism \& lack of confidence in one's ability to do tasks well \tn 
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positive but realistic self-concept & negative feelings are deepened from \seqsplit{friends/family/society} \tn 
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cooperative participation with agemates & lack in confidence because ppl in their lives do too \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Moral Development}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{flexible moral rules: lying isn't always bad and the truth isn't always good} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}children begin to condiers intentions, more respect for conventions and purpose} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{development of disruptive justice} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}strict equality (5-6yrs)- comparing 2 values for equality} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}merit (6-7yrs)- good or worthy quality} \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}equity: the quality of being fair and impartial) {\bf{\&}} Benevolence: the quality of being well-meaning/kindness (\textasciitilde{}8yrs)} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Selman's Stages of perspective thinking} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}0) undifferentiared (3-6yrs)-  Children recognize that the self and others can have different thoughts and feelings, but they frequently confuse the two.} \tn 
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% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}1) social-informational (4-9yrs)- Children understand that different perspectives may result because people have access to different information.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}2) self-reflective (7-12yrs)- Children can "step in another person's shoes" and view their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviour from the other person's perspective. They also recognize that others can do the same.} \tn 
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% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}3) third-party (10-15yrs)- Children can step outside a two-person situation and imagine how the self and other are viewed from the point of view of a third, impartial party.} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}4) societal (14yrs-adult)-  Individuals understand that third-party perspective-taking can be influenced by one or more systems of larger societal values.} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Self-Concept}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Social comparisons: judgements about appearance, abilities, and behaviours in relation to those of others} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{children emphasize competencies} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{children describes both positive and negative personality traits \textgreater{} balance} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{less all-or-none descriptions} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Emotional Development}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Self conscious emotions: are those affected by how we see ourselves and how we think others perceive us. governed by personal responsibility (pride, jealousy, embarrassment)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Emotional Understanding: understanding of the nature, causes, and control/regulation of emotion. supported by cognitive development and social experience} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Emotional Self-regulation: socially tolerable and sufficiently flexible, motivated by self-esteem \& peer approval} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}problem centered coping: situation is changeable, identifies the difficulties, and decides what to do about it} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}emotion centered coping: if problem doesnt work, it is internal, private, and aimed at controlling distress (when little can be done about the outcome)} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Diversity \& Inequality}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Stereotype Threat: fear of beig judged on the basis of a negative stereotype (which can trigger anxiety)} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}by school age..children begin to assign stereotype traits to minorities} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Development of Predjudice:} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}fixed view of personality traits- traits are unchangeable \& are either good/bad} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}overly high self esteem- belittle disadvantage people/groups} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}social world where people are sorted into groups- if adults highlight better groups kids begin to as well} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Reducing Predjudice:} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}have intergroup contact} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}long-term contact \& collaboration} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}inducing to view other's trait as changeable \& influences on those traits} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gender}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Stereotypes: through personalities traits (tough vs. gentle) \& school subjects (athletics vs. arts)} \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{identity: boys strengthen masculine identity \& girls feminine identity decline} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{cultural \& Social influences: social media, passed down views of gender, advertisements, etc} \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Self Evaluations: affect adjustments, pressure to fit in / conform to gender roles} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Gender Stereotype Flexibility: overlap in the characteristics of males and females} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Gender Typicality: degree to which a child feels similar to others of the same gender} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Gender Contentedness: degree to which a child feels comfortable with their assigned gender} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pressure to conform to gender roles: degree to which a child feels parents/peers disapprove of their gender related traits} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Self Esteem}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Hierarchical Structure- General Self Esteem:} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}a) Academic competence (grades, specific subjects)} \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}b) Social competence (relationships with parent and/or peers)} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}c) Physical/athletic competence (outdoor games/various sports)} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}d) Physical appearance (from \seqsplit{peers/family/society/media} \textgreater{} influences youths overall satisfaction with themselves)} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Influences on Self Esteem: Culture, gender, child-rearing practices, achievement related attributions} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}mastery-oriented attributions: crediting their success to ability, improved by trying hard (effort pays off), incremental view of ability} \tn 
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% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}learned helplessness: attribute their failures, not success, to ability (conclude success have to do with "luck" not themselves), fixed view of ability} \tn 
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% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Attribution Retraining: encourages learned-helplessness kids to believe they can overcome failure by exerting more effort \& using effective strategies} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Peer Groups}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{collective that generate uniqure values/similarites and standards of behaviour} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}formed through proximity and similarities} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Friendships: contribute to the development of trust and sensitivity} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}selective in choosing friends} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}learn to resolve disputes} \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Peer Acceptance:} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Popular- well-liked; prosocial: antisocial:} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Rejected- disliked; aggressive: withdrawn:} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Controversial- liked and disliked} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Neglected- are seldom mentioned} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Average- average of being liked \& disliked} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Bullies: popular(not for long), powerful, aggressive} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Victim: passive, frail, have helicopter parents} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Family Influences}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Parent-Child Relationships: children spend less time with parents in mid-childhood} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Coregulation: supervision where parents exercise general oversight while letting children take charge of moment-by-moment decision making} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{children gain greater independence but still need family support} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Siblings: important sources of support through companionship, emotional support, and assistance} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}rivalry- from parental comparisons} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}comparisons- of traits and accomplishments, results in quarelling} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Only Children:} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}closer relationship with parents but have pressure for mastery} \tn 
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% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}usually lack practice in conflict resolution} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Homosexual Families: same as hetero but children are more open-minded and less discrimination} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Divorce: causes drop in income, instability, conflict, family stress, increase risk for adjustment problems} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Immediate Consequences:} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Age- young kids: often blame themselves, display anxious, defiant, fearful reactions. older kids: depressed moode, decline in grades, risky/reckless behaviour OR take on more tasks, emotional support for single parent, mature behaviour, care for younger siblings.} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 7)
% Row 9
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Gender- Girls: internalize reactions. Boys: risk for adjustemnt problems. both: show demanding \& attention-getting behaviour} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Family Influences (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Temperament- difficult children: magnifies their difficulties because of stress and inadequate parenting VS. easy children: not targets for parental anger \& cope more effectively with adversity} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 11
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Long Term Consequences:} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Improved adjustment (\textasciitilde{}2yrs later)} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}have lower self esteem, academic achievement, \& social competence} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}