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% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
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% Document Info
\author{BTNR}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (gluconeogenesis.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (BTNR)
  /Subject (Gluconeogenesis Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Gluconeogenesis Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{BTNR} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/43851/cs/13015/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}BTNR \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/btnr} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 3rd October, 2017.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

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% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Definition}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{the denovo synthesis of glucose, requires both mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Substrates: Glycerol, Lactate, amino acids} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{4 unique reactions in gluconeogenesis to overcome irreversible reactions in glycolysis} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Gluconeogenesis is regulated by glucagon, substrate availability, acetyl-CoA and AMP} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Substrates}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\seqsplit{Glycerol} & released during TAG hydrolysis, converted to G3P by Glycerol kinase, then to DHAP by G3P DH, DHAP can then enter gluconeogenesis \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Lactate & released by excreting skeletal muscles and nonmitochondriated cells, used via cori cycle where lactate is oxidized to pyruvate \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Amino Acids & hydrolysis of tissue proteins lead to production of α-KG, which can then form OAA via the TCA cycle. Gives rise to ketone bodies. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.96 cm} x{5.04 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Regulation}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Glucagon (stimulant) & changes allosteric effectors (lower hepatic F2,6BP), covalent modification of enzyme activity (GPCR, cAMP, CDK-A; diverts PEP to gluconeogenesis), increase PEPCK transcription. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 1
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Substrate availability & more substrate = increased rate, decreased insulin leads to mobilization of AA to provide carbon skeletons, ATP and NADH is provided by FA{[}O{]} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Acetyl-CoA (allos.) & increases TAG hydrolysis in adipose, increasing FA above β-{[}O{]}, Acetly-CoA accumulates and activates PC. Diverts pyruvate toward gluconeogenesis. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 3
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AMP inhibition (allos.) & F1,6BP inhibited, reciprocal reguation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reactions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Pyruvate Carboxylase & Pyruvate carboxylated to OAA, then to PEP by carboxykinase. PC require biotin as a coenzyme. PC has two functions: produce PEP and replenish OAA in the TCA cycle. PC is allosterically activated by Acetyl-CoA. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Reducation of OAA to malate & OAA can't transfer through mito membrane, so must be reduced to malate first by Malate DH. Once on the other side, MDH will reoxidize it to OAA. NADH is used throughout this process. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
PEP carboxykinase & OAA converted to PEP, this is performed by coupling of PC to PEPCK. PEP can then continue through reverse glycolysis reactions until F1,6BP. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 6)
% Row 3
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F1,6BPase & Key regulatory step, inhibited by high AMP:ATP ratio and by F2,6BP. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
G6P DP & G6P DP hydrolyses G6P, bypassing glucokinase. Primarily takes place in the liver, requires G6P translocase to transport G6P through ER membrane. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}