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% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
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% Document Info
\author{brooklyn1209}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (microbiology.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (brooklyn1209)
  /Subject (Microbiology Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Microbiology Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{brooklyn1209} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/174597/cs/36673/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}brooklyn1209 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/brooklyn1209} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 23rd January, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 1: Microbial World}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{What are the properties of all cells?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Structure, Metabolism, Growth, and Evolution} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{What properties of the cell changes as it gets smaller?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{High metabolic rates can be maintained in small prokaryotic cells without a need for complex cellular structures.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{How are viruses different from Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Viruses lack a cytoplasmic membrane and ribosomes. They don't carry out metabolic processes.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{What four bacterial phyla contain the largest number of well-characterized species?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteriodetes} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{What phylum of Archaea is common worldwide in soils and the oceans?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Thaumarchaeota & important contributeurs to global nitrogen cycle \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{How old is Earth and when did cells first appear?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
About 4.6 billion yrs old & Cells first appeared 3.8–4.3 billion yrs ago \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 12
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{How do microbes contribute to the nutrition of animals?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 13
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Human enzymes lack the ability to break down complex carbs so we rely on our gut microbiome & The "rumen" in ruminant animals (like cows) contains a dense microbiome that digests and ferments cellulose. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 6)
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\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 1: Microbial World (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Describe ways in which microbes are important in the food and agriculture industries.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 15
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Agriculture benefits from the cycling of nitrogen, sulfur and carbon compounds; which is performed by microbes & While some microbes can cause foodborne disease and spoilage, others are useful for improving food and preservation \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 6)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{What is wastewater treatment and why is it important?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 17
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{It relies on microbes to treat water contaminated by human waste so it can be safely returned to the environment.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{How did the pasteur flask disprove spontaneous generation?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 19
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The flask had a swan neck that air could enter but not particulate matter including microbes. & The result was that the nutrient solution remained sterile until particulate matter was allowed to enter. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 6)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{What 2 methods does Pasteur use to make solutions sterile?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 21
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1. Porcelain filer to remove cells & 2. Heating w/ fire and sealing \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{What are Koch's postulates?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 23
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1. The suspected pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease and absent in healthy animals. & 2. The suspected pathogen must be grown in pure culture \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 5)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 1: Microbial World (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 24
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3. Cells from pure culture must cause disease in healthy animal & 4. Suspected pathogen must be reisolated and shown to be same as original \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{What color will a gram-negative cell be after gram staining by conventional method?}}} \tn 
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% Row 26
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Pink} \tn 
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% Row 27
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{How can cells be made to fluoresce?}}} \tn 
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% Row 28
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{They can be stained with a fluorescent dye, such as DAPI} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 2: Structure and Function}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{What is different about the cytoplasmic membrane of Archaea?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
In the lipids of Bacteria and Eukarya, the hydrophobic {\bf{fatty acid}} tails are bound to glycerol by {\bf{ester}} linkages. & The lipids of {\emph{Archaea}} have hydrophobic {\bf{isoprenoid}} tails which are bound to glycerol by {\bf{ether}} bonds. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Functions of the cytoplasmic membrane}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Permeability \{\{nl\}\} 2. Protein anchor \{\{nl\}\} 3. Energy conservation} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{What is the periplasm?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{It is a space of about 15nm between the outer surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and the inner surface of the outer membrane.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{What are endospores?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Highly differentiated dormant cells that function as survival structures and can tolerate harsh environments. & Dormant stage of bacterial life cycle. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 6)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{How is the outer membrane of an endospore formed?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Engulfment of the foreshore by the mother cell results in formation of the outer membrane. & It is formed from part of the mother cell's {\emph{cytoplasmic membrane}}. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}