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% Document Info
\author{bringthe707out}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (grade-10-biology.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (bringthe707out)
  /Subject (Grade 10 Biology Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Grade 10 Biology Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{bringthe707out} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/204163/cs/45410/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}bringthe707out \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/bringthe707out} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 12th January, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Tumours}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ Benign Tumour}} - Does not affect the surrounding tissue, simply takes up space. These are non cancerous.} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Malignant Tumour}} - Spreads into, or invades nearby tissues and can travel to distant places in the body to form new tumours. {\bf{{\emph{(Metastasis)}}}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Cell Differentiation}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{As organisms grow, they need {\bf{specialized cells}} to preform certain life functions.} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cell differentiation refers to the stage of developement where specialized cells are formed.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{All cells in the body are made through {\bf{Mitosis}} and they start off as identical cells called {\bf{stem cells}}} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Each stem cell has the ability to become a specialized cell.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Organs}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Organ:}} A part of the body that is made up of cells and tissues that preform a specific function.} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Stem Cells}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Stem cells can be harvested from an umbilical cord or placenta after birth.} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Larger amounts of stem cells can be obtained from unused fertilized embreyo.} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Stem cells can be used to repair damaged tissue or organs.} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Digestive system}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The digestive system is an organ system that takes in food, digests it, and excretes the remaining waste. It is made up of the {\bf{digestive track}} \& {\bf{accessory organs}}.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Digestive track}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Stomach, - Mouth, esophagus, small intestines, large intestine, anus} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The entire track is lined with epithelial tissue, and {\bf{goblet cells}} are present. {\emph{(They secrete mucus)}}} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Functions of the mucus:}} Protects digestive track from digestive enzymes and allows the material to pass smoothly along.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The stomach is a major organ in the digestive system.} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Its main function is to hold \& churn food to continue digestion. The stomach lining contains cells that produce digestive enzymes \& acids.} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The stomach is supplied with nerves that signal when we have had enough to eat.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Circulatory System}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The circulatory system's main function is to transport substances throughout the body.} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{It moves nutrients from the intestines to the body's cell.} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Blood flows through the lungs to pick up oxygen and delivers it to cells.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{3 Types of blood vessels:}}} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Arteries:}} Carry {\bf{oxygenated}} blood {\emph{away}} from the heart.} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Veins:}} Carry {\bf{oxygen-poor}} blood towards the heart.} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Capillaries:}} Tiny blood vessels that connect veins \& arteries. They have thin walls to allow substances to diffuse between blood and surrounding tissues. {\bf{{\emph{Oxygen \& nutrients}}}} diffuse from blood into tissue, {\bf{{\emph{carbon dioxide \& waste}}}} pass from tissues into blood to be disposed of.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gas Exchange}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Capillary walls are thin} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Oxygen diffuses through capillaries in alveoli into blood.} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Carbon dioxide in bloodstream diffuses into alveoli} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Tissues in Plants}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Dermal Tissue}} → Covers outer surface of plant.} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Vascular Tissue}} → Conducts materials within plant.} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ground Tissue}} → All tissue other than dermal or vascular.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Two types of vascular tissue}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{Xylem:}} \{\{nl\}\}Elongated cells that transport water \& minerals up from the roots & {\bf{Phloem:}} Transport sugars throughout the plant \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Tissues in Plants}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/bringthe707out_1736655255_IMG_0653.jpeg}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Metastasis}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Metastasis}} - The developpement of secondary malignant tumours at a distance from an original tumour. Cells from the original tumour break through blood vessel walls to travel to other areas of the body.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Causes}}}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- DNA mutation} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Cell avoids {\bf{apoptosis}} {\emph{(the process of programmed cell death)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Hereditary} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Environmentally triggered: {\bf{Carcinogens}} {\emph{(Environmental factors that cause cancer such as radiation, chemicals, and tobacco)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Levels of Organization}}}}  \tn
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Levels of organization}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Multicellular organisms are made of many types of cells.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Each cell is specialized; specialized cells cannot survive on their own.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cells work together as a part of a larger group of cells that collectively make up an organism.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cells specialize by producing different proteins.} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Even though all the cells have the same genes in their DNA, not all the genes are 'turned on', allowing the cells to be different.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Digestive System}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{1. Mouth}}}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The mouth begins the process of breaking down food.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{It breaks down food in 2 ways: {\bf{mechanically}} {\emph{(using teeth and tongue)}} and {\bf{chemically}} {\emph{(using enzymes to break apart carb molecules)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Once the food is broken up \& softened with saliva, it is swallowed and passed to the esophagus.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{4. Intestines}}}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The intestine connects the stomach to the anus. the intestine lining has cells thats produce mucus \& contains many blood vessels.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Small Intestine}}\{\{nl\}\} About 6 m long \& narrow\{\{nl\}\}Nutrients diffuse through the intestinal wall \& into the bloodstream & {\bf{Large Intestine}}\{\{nl\}\}About 1.5 m Long\{\{nl\}\}Lining absorbs water from indigestable food. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Parts of the Circulatory System}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Blood-}} Blood is a type of connective tissue that circulates throughout the body.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{The Heart-}} Pumps oxygen rich blood to the body \& pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs for oxygenation.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Blood Vessels-}} The blood vessels form a network throughout the body to transport blood.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Respiratory System}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The respiratory system provides oxygen for the body and removes carbon dioxide through a process called {\bf{{\emph{gas exchange}}}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Respiratory System}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Nose \& mouth:}} Openings to body. They warm, moisten, and filter air.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pharynx:}} Throat - pathway for air to travel to tranchea.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Trachea:}} Wind pipe - pathway for air to travel to lungs} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Bronchi:}} Two tubes that branch off from the trachea. They deliver air to lungs.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Bronchioles:}} Responsible for gas exchange inside alveoli} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Alveoli:}} Small air sacs at the end of bronchioles; responsible for gas exchange.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Lungs:}} Two ballon like structures, they release {\bf{CO\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}}} and take in {\bf{O\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} }}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Diaphragm:}} Large sheet of muscle that moves up and down to aid in breathing.} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Plant Cell Differentiation}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Plant cells undergo cell differentiation to become specialized.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cells that are not specialized are called {\bf{meristematic cells.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{They are found at the tip of the plant.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Plant Growth}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Apical Meristems:}} Tips of plant roots \& shoots - allow plants to grow longer and develop specialized tissues.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Lateral Meristems:}} (side to side) Under bark in stems and roots of woody plants. Allows plants to grow wider and develop specialized tissues.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Role of a Leaf}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Photosynthesis occurs in leaves.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Light + H\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}O + CO\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{} → C\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{}H\textasciitilde{}12\textasciitilde{}O\textasciitilde{}6\textasciitilde{} + O\textasciitilde{}2\textasciitilde{}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Leaf Structure}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/bringthe707out_1736657267_IMG_0655.jpeg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Diagnosing Cancer}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Imaging tests:}} Create pictures of the inside of the patient's body. They help doctors detect tumors or abnormalities that could be cancer.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Biopsy:}} A small sample of tissue is taken from a suspicious area and examined under a microscope to check for cancer cells.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Laboratory Tests:}} Urine and blood tests help doctors identify abnormalities that can be caused by cancer.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cancer Treatements}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Chemotherapy:}} Using powerful drugs to destroy cancer cells or stop their growth} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Radiation therapy:}} Using high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Surgery:}} Removing the tumour of affected tissue from the body.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Tissues}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Tissue}} - Collection of similar cells that preform a function} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{4 Major types of tissue:}} Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nerve.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nerve Tissue}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Long, thin cells with fine branches at the ends capable of conducting electrical impulses.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Function:}} Sensory, communication in the body, coordination of body functions.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Muscle Tissue}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Bundles of long cells called {\bf{muscle fibres}} that contain specialized cells capable of shortening or contracting.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Function:}} Movement.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Epithelial Tissue}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Thin sheet of tightly packed cells covering surfaces and internal organs.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Function:}} Protection from dehydration and creates low friction surface.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Connective Tissue}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Various cells and fibres held together by a liquid, solid, or gel matrix.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Function:}} Support and insulation} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{2. Esophagus}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{It is made of smooth {\bf{muscle tissue}}, which can contract and relax without conscious thought. This movement is controlled by {\bf{nerve tissue}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{{\emph{Accessory Organs}}}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\bf{liver, pancreas,}} \& {\bf{gallbladder}} assist in digestion by supplying {\bf{digestive enzymes}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\bf{liver }}produces {\bf{bile}}, a fluid that helps break down fats in food.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\bf{pancreas}} produces {\bf{insulin}}, an enzyme that regulates {\bf{blood glucose levels}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\bf{gallbladder}} stores the bile that the liver produces.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Blood}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Blood has 4 components:} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Red blood cells:}} Make up almost half of the blood's volume and contain {\bf{{\emph{hemoglobin}}}} which gives the cells a red colour and allows them to {\bf{transport oxygen.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{White blood cells:}} Make up less than 1\% of blood's volume. They {\bf{recognize \& destroy bacteria and viruses}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Platelets:}} Make up less than 1\% of the blood. They help with {\bf{blood clotting}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Plasma:}} Makes up over half of the blood's volume. It is a protein-rich liquid that {\bf{carries the blood cells.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Respiratory System}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/bringthe707out_1736649940_IMG_0647.jpeg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Plant Functions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Exchange gases with their surroundings} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Transport water and nutrients around within their bodies} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Reproduce} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hierarchy of Plant Body}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Plant body is divided into two parts; roots \& shoot systems} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The root system is made up of roots} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The root system is responsible for anchoring the plant and absorbing water \& minerals from soil and to store them.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Shoot System}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Stem}} → Supports, transports material, stores food, protects.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Leaf}} → Supports, protects, is the site of photosynthesis, and reproduction.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Flower}} → Responsible for sexual reproduction, and stores food.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Upper Epidermis}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Contains cuticle} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Cuticle:}} waxy noncellular top coat of leaf that prevents water loss and controls gas exchange.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Palisade Layer}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Major site of photosynthesis} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cells are tall and packed closely together} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cells help capture as much light as possible.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Spongy Mesophyll Layer}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Loosely packed cells} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Large air spaces between cells allow for gas exchange during photosynthesis.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lower Epidermis}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Contains stomata} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Stomata:}} Pores surrounded by guard cells which regulate its opening.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Stomata open during the day and close at night.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}