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%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
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% Document Info
\author{briivanderlee}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (mdm4uc-exam-cheat-sheet.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (briivanderlee)
  /Subject (MDM4UC Exam Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{MDM4UC Exam Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{briivanderlee} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/33305/cs/10354/}}}
\end{tabulary}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}briivanderlee \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/briivanderlee} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 31st December, 2016.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.


\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is a variable?}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{A variable is any characteristic of the population being studied or observed. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
For example, if a statistician surveys 953 Canadian males who play recreational sports, asking their age, what sport they play, and how often they play, the example includes 3 variables.% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is the population?}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{The population is the entire group you want to know about in a study. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
For example, if a researcher wants to know the attitudes of North American women on violence against women, and surveys 450 college and university students, the population of the study is North American women.% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{6.0445 cm} x{11.2255 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Sampling}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{Simple Random}} & Every selection is likely to be selected and every combination of selections is likely to be selected \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Systematic Random}} & Has a starting point, and then every {\emph{n}}th number is selected \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Stratified Random}} & The data is divided into groups, and a sample from each group is selected \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Cluster Random}} & Data is divided into groups, and a random sample of the groups is selected. All members of the selected groups are surveyed. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Multi-stage Random}} & Data is divided into groups, a random sample of groups is chosen, and a random sample of members from the chosen groups are selected \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Convenience Random}} & Used simply because it is easily accessible \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Voluntary Random}} & Obtained by making a general appeal for responses \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Correlation}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{{\bf{Correlation}} indicates the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{Correlation analysis}} involves generating a single number from the data, which is called the {\bf{correlation coefficient}} and is represented by {\emph{r}}. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 4)
The value of {\emph{r}} is always between -1 and 1. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
A coefficient of 0 indicates no linear correlation. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
A coefficient between 0 and 1 indicates a positive correlation. A number closer to 1 indicates a stronger positive correlation, and a number closer to 0 indicates a weaker positive correlation. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 4)
A number between -1 and 0 indicates a negative correlation. A number closer to -1 indicates a stronger negative correlation, and a number closer to 0 indicates a weaker negative correlation. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 4)
For example, if r\textasciicircum{}2 = 0.9875878, a strong positive correlation is present between two variables.% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Skew}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{If data is bunched towards the right, it is a positive skew. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
If data is bunched towards the left, it is a negative skew. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
If data is distributed evenly, there is no skew.% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Calculating the Mean}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{To calculate the mean of a group of data, add up all the values, then divide by the number of values.% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Median}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{The median is the middle number when data is arranged in ascending order. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
If there is an even number of data, there will be two middle numbers. If there are two middle numbers, the median is the mean of the two numbers. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
If there are {\emph{n}} data points and {\emph{n}} is odd, the middle data point is {\emph{n}} + 1 / 2 \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
If {\emph{n}} is even, the middle two numbers are the {\emph{n}} / 2 and {\emph{n}} / 2 + 1 numbers% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Measure of Spread}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{The measure of spread is the degree to which data differ from, or are spread out from, the centre.% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Range}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{Range is the difference between minimum and maximum values. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
It shows the overall spread of data.% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Interquartile Range}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{Quartiles are a measure of spread. \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
A quartile is any of the three values that divide the sorted data set into four equal parts, so that each part represents one-fourth of the data set. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3)
To find quartiles, first use the median to split the data in half. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Q1 is found by finding the median of the half of data below the median of the entire set of data. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
Q2 is the median of the entire set of data. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
Q3 is found by finding the median of the half of data above the median of the entire data.% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Percentiles}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{Percentile is the value of a variable below which a certain percentage of observations fall. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Percentile is used to rank an individual's position within a set of data. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
For example, the 20th percentile is the value below which 20\% of the observations are found% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Variance \& Standard Deviation}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{Variance and standard deviation are measures of spread. \newline  \newline Deviation is the distance between a particular value and the mean. \newline Variance is determined by calculating the average of the squares of all deviations for a particular set of data} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}



\end{document}