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% Most of the following are not required for the majority
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% Document Info
\author{BostonH}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (cardiac-muscles-cardiovascular-system.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (BostonH)
  /Subject (Cardiac Muscles (Cardiovascular System) Cheat Sheet)
}

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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Cardiac Muscles (Cardiovascular System) Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{BostonH} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/213599/cs/46500/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}BostonH \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/bostonh} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 28th May, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
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% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anatomy of the Heart}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cardiac Muscles - A type of involuntary muscle found only in the heart, having the features of both skeletal and smooth muscles.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Atria - The two upper chambers of the heart that receives blood returning from the body/lungs.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ventricles - The two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out to the rest of the body} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Right Atrium - Receives oxygen-deprived blood from the body from venae cavae (inferior \& superior vena cava) and transports blood to the Right Ventricle via tricuspid valve} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Left Atrium - Receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs via left \& right pulmonary veins transports blood into the Left Ventricle via bicuspid valve} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Right Ventricle - Receives oxygen-deprived blood from the Right Atrium and pumps blood through the Pulmonary valve into the lungs for oxygenation} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Left Ventricle -  Receives oxygen-rich blood from the Left Atrium and pumps it through the aortic into the rest of the body} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Heart Valves - Structures that ensures blood flows in one direction by opening and closing to prevent backflow} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Chordae Tendineae - Strong fibers that connect AV valves to the papillary muscles in the Ventricles to prevent AV values from turning inside out} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pulmonary/Semilunar Valve - A triple-flap valve located between the Right Ventricle and the Pulmonary Artery, it prevents backflow of blood into the Right Ventricle after it is pumped to the lungs} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
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\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anatomy of the Heart (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Right AV or Tricuspid - A triple-flap valve located between the Right Atrium and Right Ventricle, preventing backflow of blood into the Right Atrium} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Left AV or Bicuspid/Mitral - A double-flap valve located between the Left Atrium and Left Ventricle that prevents backflow of blood into the Left Atrium} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Aortic/Semilunar Valve - A triple-flap valve located between the Left Ventricle and the Aorta that prevents backflow of blood into the Left Ventricle} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Superior Vena Cava - A large vein that returns oxygen-deficient blood from the upper body (head, upper limbs)  to the heart} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Inferior Vena Cava -  A large vein that returns oxygen-deficient blood the lower body (abdomen, lower limbs) to the heart} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Papillary Muscles - Muscles located in the heart that anchor Chordae Tendineae and contract to prevent inversion} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Connective Tissue - A body tissue that \seqsplit{supports/connects/separates} different types of tissue/organs; separating the atria and the ventricles, supporting heart valves and muscle} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Heart Walls - Made up of three layers that protect the heart} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 18
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Endocardium - Made out of a thin layer of endothelial tissue (Inner Layer)} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Myocardium - Made out of cardiac muscle, connected by intercalated disks that have desmosomes that hold the cells together and gap-junctions that allow electrical signals to flow smootly (Middle Layer)} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 5)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anatomy of the Heart (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Epicardium - A thin membrane that covers the heart and contains some pericardial fluid which reduces friction as the heart beats} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cardiac Cycle and Blood Flow}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Circularly System - Composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels to transport oxygen, nutrients, waste, and hormones throughout the body, additionally acting as a temperature regulator} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pulmonary Circulation - Delivers oxygen-deprived blood the right side of the heart to the lungs which undergo oxygenation and is transported back to the heart as oxygen-rich blood} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Systemic Circulation - Delivers oxygen-rich blood throughout the entire body via the aorta and blood vessels and returns oxygen-deprived blood to the heart using the superior and inferior vena cava.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anatomy of the Heart}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/bostonh_1748390567_Screenshot 2025-05-27 170231.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Reference: Britannica "Heart"}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electrical Activity of the Heart}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/bostonh_1748390117_Screenshot 2025-05-27 165455.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Reference: Stanford Medicine Children's Health: Anatomy and Function of the Electrical System}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electrical Activity of the Heart}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Autorhythmicity - The heart's ability to generate electrical impulses without external stimulation} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pacemaker Activity - Generation of electrical impulses by specialized cells} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Nodes - Specialized regions where pacemaker cells are grouped together to manage the rate of heart contractions} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pacemaker Potential - A process that slowly triggers an action potential in pacemaker cells} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Sinoatrial (SA) Node - A group of specialized pacemaker cells located in the Right Atrium of the heart, setting the rate and rhythm of the heartbeats (70 action potentials per minute)} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Atrioventricular (AV) Node - A group of specialized cells located at the Right Atrium and follows the SA node (50 action potentials per minute} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Bundle of His - A group of specialized cardiac pacemaker cells that branches and extends into the Right \& Left Ventricles} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Purkinje Fibers - Specialized fibers that conduct electrical impulses from Bundle of His and spread throughout the Myocardium (30 Action Potential per minute)} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Interatrial Pathway - A pathway that transmits electrical impulses from the Right and Left Atrium} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Internodal Pathway - A pathway that transmits electrical impulses from the sinoatrial node to the atrioventricular node} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Current Flow Order through the Heart Wall: SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Right \& Left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electrical Activity of the Heart (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pacemaker Activity - This occurs because of the unique electrophysiological properties of a subset of specialized cardiac muscle cells that generate pacemaker activity.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}