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\author{bittersweetkarma}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (biology-unit-2-cells.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (bittersweetkarma)
  /Subject (Biology Unit 2: Cells Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Biology Unit 2: Cells Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{bittersweetkarma} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/37657/cs/11820/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}bittersweetkarma \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/bittersweetkarma} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 19th July, 2017.\\
   Updated 19th July, 2017.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Cell Theory}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. All things are made of cells} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3. All cells come from preexisting cells} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cytoplasm}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Water with some chemicals and minerals that surrounds organelles \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- Where messages pass through% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-Surrounds the cell \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
-Two identical layers (bilayers) made of lipids \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
-Proteins that act like doors are embedded in the membrane \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
-Carbohydrate patterns that are unique to every person are on the outside of the membrane; these allow their bodies to recognize which cells are their's and fight off the ones that are not% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ribosomes}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Small organelle that makes proteins \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- Made of two sub units, one big, one small, the big one is on the top \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
- {\bf{Free Ribosomes:}} Ribosomes floating in the cytoplasm, the proteins they make are used {\bf{inside}} the cell \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 3)
- {\bf{Bound Ribosomes}} Ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulm, the proteins they make are sent and used {\bf{outside}} the cell \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 3)
- Some cells have more ribosomes than other cells% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chloroplasts}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Found in plants, bacteria and protists \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- Use light, carbon dioxide and water in photosynthesis to make glucose \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
- Also has cristae \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
- The cristae are in stacks called {\bf{thylakoid membranes}} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
* Thylakoid membranes look like stacked coins \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
- Holds pigments such as chlorophyll% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lysosomes}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Contains enzymes to break down: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
-Food (in {\bf{food vacuoles}}) \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
-Old organelles \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
-Cellular debris% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Diffusion}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{When molecules in a liquid or gas state move from a more concentrated place to a less concentrated place.% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Facilitated Diffusion}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Sometimes, the membrane will not let a molecule through so the cell will use facilitated diffusion which is when a protein helps move the molecule across the membrane. It also doesn't require energy.% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Osmosis}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Diffusion for water.% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Five Kingdoms of Living Things}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Plants} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{4. Bacteria} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mitochondria}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Powerhouse of the cell \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- Produces ATP using glucose \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
- Two layers for more surface area, the inner layer is the {\bf{cristae}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
- Different cells can have more or less mitochondria than different cells \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
- Plants also have mitochondria% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Endoplasmic Reticulum}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Highway where chemicals are transported around the cell \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- Endoplasmic reticulum means intercellular network \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
- {\bf{Smooth ER:}} Detoxifies things (breaks down bad chemicals) \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
- {\bf{Rough ER:}} Has ribosomes, sends proteins to other places in the cell% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Vacuoles}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Sacs used for storing anything (ie: food, water, salts, pigment, gases) \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- Vacuoles in plant cells are huge (they are used when the plant has no other nutrition) and hold all other pigments except green, which is in the chloroplasts \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 4)
- Vacuoles also provide support and store poison in poisonous plants% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Vocab Words}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Spontaneous Generation & The (false) idea that living things can come from nonliving things \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Autotrophic Cells & Cells that use sunlight to make food \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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Heterotrophic Cells & Cells that cannot make their own food \tn 
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% Row 3
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Eukaryotic Cells & Cells that have a nucleus \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Prokaryotic Cells & Cells that don't have nuclei \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Homeostasis & The ability of an organism to keep it's internal environment suitable for living \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Insulin & A hormone made in the pancreas that controls blood sugar \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Channel Protein & A protein that moves molecules across the cell membrane \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cell Wall}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- In plants, fungi and protists but not animals \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- Porous to let things through \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
- Rigid (100x thicker than membrane) \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
- Maintains shape and protects cells \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
- Attaches to other cell walls to form strong structures (plants need to be strong but don't have skeletons)% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nucleus}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Brain of cell \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- Holds DNA (23 pairs of chromosomes) \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
- Nuclear Membrane: Also porus \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
- Nucleolus: Densest part, makes ribosomes \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
*Bacteria have no nuclei so the DNA just floats around in the cytoplasm% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Golgi Apparatus}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Puts molecules in {\bf{vesicles}} and ships them around or out of cells \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- Receives things from other cells \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
- Looks like flattened sacks that look like pita bread \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
- Has a receiving side ({\bf{cis face}}) and a shipping side ({\bf{trans face}}) \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
- Golgi apparatus "finishes" packaging things after the rough ER% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cytoskeleton}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Skeleton of cell (ie: microfilaments, microtubes) \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- Some cells can move using: \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
{\bf{Flagella:}} few, long, whip-like structures outside the cells \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
{\bf{Cillia:}} hundreds of short, hairlike structures outside the cells% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cytoskeleton}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Skeleton of cell (ie: microfilaments, microtubes) \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- Some cells can move using: \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
{\bf{Flagella:}} few, long, whip-like structures outside the cells \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
{\bf{Cillia:}} hundreds of short, hairlike structures outside the cells% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Membranes}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Permeable Membrane:}} A membrane that lets everything through. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{Semipermeable Membrane:}} A membrane that lets some things through. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
{\bf{Impermeable Membrane:}} A membrane that doesn't let things through.% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Active Transport}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Using energy and a protein to force a molecule through the membrane against the concentration gradient.% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Important Scientists}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Robert Hooke: 1665}} Looked at a cork an saw little chambers that he named {\emph{cells}} because they looked like rooms in a monastery. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{Antony Van Leeuwenhock: 1665}} Saw living cells and called them {\emph{animalcules}}. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
{\bf{Matthias Schleiden: 1839}} Said plants were made of cells. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
{\bf{Theodor Schwann: 1839}} Said animals were made of cells. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
-Together, Schleiden and Schwann first proposed the Cell Theory. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
{\bf{Rudof Virchow: 1855}} Said that cells always came from preexisting cells.% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}