\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{bee.f (bee.f)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (6002-elbow.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (bee.f (bee.f))
  /Subject (6002 Elbow Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{73B379}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F6FAF6}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{6002 Elbow Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{bee.f (bee.f)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/180201/cs/42081/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}bee.f (bee.f) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/bee-f} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 4th May, 2024.\\
   Updated 4th May, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.


\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cubital tunnel syndrome (CTS)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{{\bf{GREEN}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Intro:}} & - Entrapment neuropathy caused by compression the median nerve in the carpal tunnel \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Aetiology (risk factors):}} & - Typically in 40 - 60 yrs\{\{nl\}\}- 1-5\% in general population\{\{nl\}\}- F\textgreater{}M (3:1)\{\{nl\}\}- {\bf{Risk factors:}} carpal tunnel modifications, fluid imbalance, neuropathic factors\{\{nl\}\}- Examples: carpal \seqsplit{dislocation/subluxation}, radius \#, arthritis, cysts/tumours, pregnancy/menopause, obesity/kidney \seqsplit{failure/hypothyroidism}, oral contraceptives/heart \seqsplit{failure/diabetes/alcoholism}, vitamin deficiency/toxicity \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 18)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Pathophysiology:}} & - Caused by various factors\{\{nl\}\}- Involves compression \& traction affecting the {\bf{median n.}}\{\{nl\}\}- Compression leads to increased pressure, obstruction of venous outflow, localised edema, \& impaired microcirculation of the median n.\{\{nl\}\}- Lesions on the myelin sheath \& axon cause inflammation \& loss of normal physiological functions of surrounding tissues\{\{nl\}\}- Worsening structural integrity of the nerve exacerbates the dysfunctional environment\{\{nl\}\}- Repeated traction \& wrist movements further injure the nerve\{\{nl\}\}- Inflammation of any of the 9 flexor tendons passing through the carpal tunnel can compress the median nerve\{\{nl\}\}- Sensory fibres are often affected before motor fibres, \& autonomic nerve fibres may also be affected \tn 
% Row Count 57 (+ 34)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cubital tunnel syndrome (CTS) (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Clinical presentation:}} & - Numbness, tingling, \& px in the thumb, 2nd, \& radial portions of the 4th digits\{\{nl\}\}- Ssx worsen at night\{\{nl\}\}- Variability in Ssx distribution from wrist to shoulder\{\{nl\}\}- Initially intermittent, worsen w/ activities like driving, reading, painting\{\{nl\}\}- Nighttime exacerbation, relieved by shacking hand/wrist\{\{nl\}\}- Leads to permanent sensory loss, muscle weakness, \& clumsiness\{\{nl\}\}- Challenges in tasks like opening doorknobs \& buttoning clothes\{\{nl\}\}- Dominant hand usually affected first \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 23)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Physical examination:}} & - Sensory loss or weakness in median n. distribution\{\{nl\}\}- Thenar eminence spared in sensory loss\{\{nl\}\}- Diminished thumb ABD \& opposition strength, thenar eminence atrophy\{\{nl\}\}- Tinel's sign\{\{nl\}\}- Carpal tunnel compression test\{\{nl\}\}- Phalen's test\{\{nl\}\}- Median n. tension test\{\{nl\}\}- Motor \& sensory testing \tn 
% Row Count 38 (+ 15)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cubital tunnel syndrome (CTS) (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Management:}} & - 70-90\% of mild to moderate cases respond to conservative care\{\{nl\}\}- Some degree of recurrence, even after surgery\{\{nl\}\}- Pts w/ CTS 2° to diabetes or wrist \# have less favourable prognosis\{\{nl\}\}- SMT / STW\{\{nl\}\}- Nerve release\{\{nl\}\}- Support brace at night\{\{nl\}\}- Taping \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 13)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Ddx:}} & - Brachial plexopathy\{\{nl\}\}- Cx myofascial px\{\{nl\}\}- Cx spondylosis\{\{nl\}\}- Compartment syndrome\{\{nl\}\}- Ischemic stroke\{\{nl\}\}- Mononeuritis multiplex\{\{nl\}\}- Multiple sclerosis\{\{nl\}\}- Median neuropathy in the forearm\{\{nl\}\}- Motor neuron disease\{\{nl\}\}- Diabetic neuropathy\{\{nl\}\}- Cx radiculopathy\{\{nl\}\}- Overuse injury\{\{nl\}\}- Traumatic brachial plexopathy\{\{nl\}\}- Neuropathies\{\{nl\}\}- Tendonitis\{\{nl\}\}- Tenosynovitis\{\{nl\}\}- TOS \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 20)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\{\{popup="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448179/"\}\}link text\{\{/popup\}\}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Extensor tendinopathy*}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{{\bf{GREEN}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Intro:}} & - Also known as {\emph{tennis elbow}} \& {\emph{lateral epicondylitis}}\{\{nl\}\}- Overuse injury\{\{nl\}\}- Occurs due to eccentric overload of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon\{\{nl\}\}- Results from repetitive strain during activities involving gripping, wrist EXT, radial deviation, \& forearm supination\{\{nl\}\}- Common in tennis, squash, \& badminton \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 16)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Aetiology (risk factors):}} & - Most common cause of elbow Ssx\{\{nl\}\}- F=M\{\{nl\}\}- More common in pts \textgreater{}40 yrs\{\{nl\}\}- {\bf{Risk factors:}} smoking, obesity, repetitive movement for at least 2 h daily, \& vigorous activity (loads \textgreater{}20kg) \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 9)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Pathophysiology:}} & - {\bf{Condition:}} degenerative overuse process\{\{nl\}\}- {\bf{involves:}} extensor carpi radialis brevis \& common extensor tendon\{\{nl\}\}- {\bf{Findings:}} granulation tissue, micro-rupture, abundance of fibroblasts, vascular hyperplasia, instructed collagen, lack of inflammatory cells \tn 
% Row Count 39 (+ 13)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Extensor tendinopathy* (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Clinical presentation:}} & - Px w/ an insidious onset\{\{nl\}\}- Overuse Hx is common, often w/o a specific traumatic event\{\{nl\}\}- Px occurs 1-3 days after unaccustomed activities involving repeated wrist EXT\{\{nl\}\}- Triggers: new equipment use or atypical workout circumstances\{\{nl\}\}- Acute injuries or strains (e.g. lifting heavy objects, hard backhand swing)\{\{nl\}\}- Acute injuries may lead to chronic overuse injury\{\{nl\}\}- Px is usually located over the lateral elbow\{\{nl\}\}- Worsens w/ activity, improves w/ rest\{\{nl\}\}- Px severity varies, from mild discomfort during activities to severe px triggered by simple tasks (e.g. picking up coffee) \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 28)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Physical examination:}} & - Point of max. tenderness usually over lateral epicondyle or slightly distal\{\{nl\}\}- Discomfort may extend along the tendon, w/ tightness in connecting muscle\{\{nl\}\}- Px exacerbated by resisted wrist EXT, especially w/ EXT elbow \& pronated forearm\{\{nl\}\}- Resisted middle finger EXT w/ EXT elbow particularly painful, indicating increased tendon stress\{\{nl\}\}- Absence of radicular Ssx or numbness/tingling\{\{nl\}\}- Suggests alternative process such as radial n. entrapment if present, though conditions can coexist \tn 
% Row Count 52 (+ 24)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Extensor tendinopathy* (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Management:}} & - Spontaneous recovery within 1-2 yrs in 80-90\%\{\{nl\}\}- RICE\{\{nl\}\}- NSAIDs\{\{nl\}\}- Bracing\{\{nl\}\}- Forearm stretching \& strengthening\{\{nl\}\}- Progression to eccentric muscle strengthening of the common extensor tendon\{\{nl\}\}- Invasive techniques if conservative care fails\{\{nl\}\}- Surgery (if no improvement after 6-12 months) \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 15)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Ddx:}} & - Elbow bursitis\{\{nl\}\}- Cx radiculopathy\{\{nl\}\}- Posterolateral elbow plica\{\{nl\}\}- PLRI\{\{nl\}\}- Radial n. entrapment\{\{nl\}\}- Radial n. syndrome\{\{nl\}\}- Occult fracture\{\{nl\}\}- Capitellar osteochondritis dissecans\{\{nl\}\}- Triceps tendinitis\{\{nl\}\}- Radiocapitellar OA\{\{nl\}\}- Shingles \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 13)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\{\{popup="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/"\}\}link text\{\{/popup\}\}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Flexor tendinopathy}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{{\bf{GREEN}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Intro:}} & - Also known as {\emph{medial epicondylitis}}, {\emph{pronator tendinopathy}}, \& {\emph{golfer's elbow}}\{\{nl\}\}- Overload or overuse of the medial common flexor tendon\{\{nl\}\}- Medial epicondyle is a common origin: pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmar is longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, \& flexor carpi ulnaris\{\{nl\}\}- Innervated by {\bf{median n.}}\{\{nl\}\}- Together, they form the conjoined FX tendon (3cm long)\{\{nl\}\}- This tendon crosses the medial ulnohumeral joint \& acts as a 2° stabiliser parallel to the ulnar collateral ligament \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 24)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Aetiology (risk factors):}} & - 90\% of cases are not sports related\{\{nl\}\}- F\textgreater{}M\{\{nl\}\}- 45-64 yrs\{\{nl\}\}- Athlete risk factors: training errors, improper technique, equipment, lack of strength, endurance, flexibility\{\{nl\}\}- Occupation risk factors: heavy physical work, excessive repetition, high BMI, smoking, comorbidities, high psychosocial work demands\{\{nl\}\}- General risk factors: smoking, overuse, dominant arm, DM 2 \tn 
% Row Count 43 (+ 18)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Flexor tendinopathy (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Pathophysiology:}} & - Caused by overuse tendinopathy from repetitive loading of wrist flexors \& pronator teres\{\{nl\}\}- Leads to angiofibroblastic changes in the affected tendons\{\{nl\}\}- Repetitive activity causes microtears in the tendon, resulting in {\bf{tendonosis}}\{\{nl\}\}- All muscles may be affected equally, except for palmaris longus\{\{nl\}\}- Bony inflammation is not involved in this condition\{\{nl\}\}- Microtears lead to collagen fibre remodelling \& increased mucoid ground substance\{\{nl\}\}- Focal necrosis or calcification can develop in the tendon\{\{nl\}\}- Collagen strength decreases over time, leading to increased fragility \& scar tissue formation\{\{nl\}\}- Acute trauma can also cause medial epicondylitis from sudden violent muscle contractions, though less common \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 34)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Flexor tendinopathy (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Clinical presentation:}} & - Hx of acute traumatic blow or repetitive elbow use, gripping, or valgus stress\{\{nl\}\}- Aching px on the medial or ulnar side of the elbow, which radiates from the epicondyle into the forearm \& wrist\{\{nl\}\}- Exacerbated: forearm motion, gripping, or throwing activities (overhead throwing, tennis, golf)\{\{nl\}\}- Relief: rest\{\{nl\}\}- Elbow stiffness, weakness, numbness, or tingling, 1° in an {\bf{ulnar n.}} distribution\{\{nl\}\}- Chronic cases may exhibit weakness w/ grip strength\{\{nl\}\}- Ulnar n. Ssx in up to 20\% \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 24)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Physical examination:}} & - Acute cases: swelling, erythema, or warmth\{\{nl\}\}- Chronic cases: less likely to show abnormalities\{\{nl\}\}- Tenderness: 5-10mm distal \& anterior to medial epicondyle\{\{nl\}\}- Pronator teres \& flexor carpi radialis involvement\{\{nl\}\}- Px elicited by resisted pronation or FX of wrist\{\{nl\}\}- Weakness in affected arm\{\{nl\}\}- ROM typically normal\{\{nl\}\}- Golfer's elbow test: px during manoeuvre\{\{nl\}\}- Tinel's test: +ve for ulnar neuropathy\{\{nl\}\}- Valgus stress test: stressing ulnar collateral ligament (especially throwing athletes) \tn 
% Row Count 48 (+ 24)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Flexor tendinopathy (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Management:}} & - Good prognosis \{\{nl\}\}- RICE\{\{nl\}\}- NSAIDs\{\{nl\}\}- Conservative care: aims for full, painless motion at wrist \& elbow\{\{nl\}\}- Strength exercises w/ focus on eccentric activity\{\{nl\}\}- Dry needling, shock wave therapy, etc.\{\{nl\}\}- STW/SMT\{\{nl\}\}- Night splinting\{\{nl\}\}- Elbow taping\{\{nl\}\}- Corticosteroid injections, US, platelet-rich plasma injections\{\{nl\}\}- Surgery \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 17)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Ddx:}} & - {\bf{Neuropathy:}} C6 or C7 radiculogpthy, CTS, ulnar/median neuropathy, ulnar neuritis, anterior interosseous n. entrapment, tardy ulnar n. palsy\{\{nl\}\}- {\bf{Ligamentous injury:}} ulnar / medial collateral ligament instability, sprain, tear\{\{nl\}\}- {\bf{Intra-articular issues:}} adhesive capsulitis, arthrofibrosis, loose bodies\{\{nl\}\}- {\bf{Osseous concerns:}} medial epicondyle avulsion fracture, osteophytes\{\{nl\}\}- {\bf{Myofascial difficulties:}} flexor / pronator strain\{\{nl\}\}- {\bf{Tendinopathy:}} lateral epicondylitis, triceps tendonitis\{\{nl\}\}- Synovitis\{\{nl\}\}- Valgus extension overload\{\{nl\}\}- Herpes zoster (dermatological) \tn 
% Row Count 45 (+ 28)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\{\{popup="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519000/"\}\}link text\{\{/popup\}\}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Myositis ossificans (MO)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{{\bf{YELLOW}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Intro:}} & - Benign, self-limiting ossifying lesion that can affect any type of soft tissue\{\{nl\}\}- Most common form of heterotrophic ossification (HO), usually within large muscles \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Aetiology (risk factors):}} & - M\textgreater{}F\{\{nl\}\}- 1° in young adults as result of trauma \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Pathophysiology:}} & - Metaplasia of the intramuscular connective tissue resulting ion extra osseous bone formation (w/o inflammation)\{\{nl\}\}- Histologically can appear similar to osteosarcoma, thus, can lead to inappropriate management \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 10)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Staging:}} & {\bf{3 stages:}}\{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Stage 1 (0-4 weeks):}}\{\{nl\}\}- Following injury\{\{nl\}\}- Inflammatory cascade that preceded ossification\{\{nl\}\}- Calcification not apparent radiographically\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Stage 2 (4-8 weeks):}}\{\{nl\}\}- Calcification becomes radiographically seen\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Stage 3:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Peripheral bone formation\{\{nl\}\}- Lamellar cortical \& trabecular bone \tn 
% Row Count 38 (+ 16)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Myositis ossificans (MO) (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Clinical presentation:}} & - Onset followed by trauma, repetitive trauma\{\{nl\}\}- Px, joint stiffness, oedema\{\{nl\}\}- Lesion causes mechanical irritation of bursa, tendon, joint \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Physical examination:}} & - Px durance longer than of a sprain/strain\{\{nl\}\}- Decreased ROM \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Management:}} & - Up to 70\% of cases are asymptomatic\{\{nl\}\}- Prognosis good after surgery\{\{nl\}\}- Very little than can be done to accelerate the resorptive process (i.e. process of removing bone from the bruised region)\{\{nl\}\}- Rest from aggravating activities\{\{nl\}\}- Implementation of gentle px-free ROM exercises\{\{nl\}\}- Surgical resection of mature bone once it has fully matured\{\{nl\}\}- Can take 12-18 months after initial presentation\{\{nl\}\}- Surgery only if there will be improvement in function as demonstrated by mobility, transfers, hygiene, \& ADLs \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 25)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Myositis ossificans (MO) (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Ddx:}} & - Osteosarcoma \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\{\{popup="https://www.physio-pedia.com/Myositis\_Ossificans"\}\}link text\{\{/popup\}\}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Olecranon bursitis / Miner's elbow}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{{\bf{YELLOW}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Intro:}} & - Inflammation of the synovial bursa\{\{nl\}\}- Susceptible to trauma \& infection due to superficial location, limited vascularity \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Aetiology (risk factors):}} & - M\textgreater{}F\{\{nl\}\}- 30-60 yrs\{\{nl\}\}- Underlying inflammatory conditions: RA, psoriatic arthritis, gout, etc\{\{nl\}\}- Chronic medical conditions: diabetes, alcoholism, HIV\{\{nl\}\}- Infection usually occurs through a transcutaneous route due to poor vascularity, often from direct inoculation via mild trauma \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 14)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Pathophysiology:}} & - Inciting events (trauma or infectious), trigger reactive inflammation in the bursa\{\{nl\}\}- Leads to the extravasation of protein \& synovial type fluid into the affected bursa\{\{nl\}\}- Consequence is the development of a pronounced round swelling characteristic of this condition\{\{nl\}\}- Trauma causes bleeding within bursa \& release of inflammatory mediators, increasing recurrence risk \tn 
% Row Count 39 (+ 18)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Olecranon bursitis / Miner's elbow (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Clinical presentation:}} & - Swelling over the olecranon process\{\{nl\}\}- Initially, doesn't restrict elbow movement, setting it apart from swelling within the joint\{\{nl\}\}- Swelling can progress \& eventually limit elbow movement\{\{nl\}\}- Characteristic appearance is round or "golf ball" shaped due to fluid confinement within the bursa \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 14)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Physical examination:}} & - Caused by infection shows signs of erythema \& tenderness\{\{nl\}\}- Systemic Ssx like fever \& malaise can accompany infectious bursitis\{\{nl\}\}- Fever is present in around 70\% of septic bursitis cases, but its absence doesn't rule out infection entirely \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 12)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Management:}} & - Low risk of progression to systemic infection from infectious bursitis in healthy pt\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Non-infective:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Self-limiting \& managed conservatively\{\{nl\}\}- RICE\{\{nl\}\}- NSAIDs\{\{nl\}\}- Elastic bandage application\{\{nl\}\}- Corticosteroid injections (risk of iatrogenic infection)\{\{nl\}\}- Bursectomy considered for related episodes, especially w/ underlying bone spur\{\{nl\}\}- Recurrent non-infective bursitis w/o a spur may benefit from surgical bursa excision\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Infective:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Requires antibiotics\{\{nl\}\}- Aspiration \& drainage are recommended\{\{nl\}\}- Oral antibiotics for 7 days (longer courses don't reduce recurrence)\{\{nl\}\}- Bursectomy may be necessary\{\{nl\}\}- Systemic infection warrants further evaluation \& appropriate treatment for sepsis or septic shock \tn 
% Row Count 61 (+ 35)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Olecranon bursitis / Miner's elbow (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Ddx:}} & - Cutaneous abscess\{\{nl\}\}- Hematoma\{\{nl\}\}- Olecranon fracture\{\{nl\}\}- Cellulitis\{\{nl\}\}- Tendon rupture\{\{nl\}\}- Septic arthritis\{\{nl\}\}- Gouty arthritis\{\{nl\}\}- Neoplasm\{\{nl\}\}- Ligament rupture \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\{\{popup="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470291/"\}\}link text\{\{/popup\}\}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Posterior interosseous nerve entrapment}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{{\bf{GREEN}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Intro:}} & - Compression neuropathy of the posterior interosseous n. (branch of {\emph{radial n.}})\{\{nl\}\}- Passes through radial tunnel (Arcade of Frohse)\{\{nl\}\}- Results in paresis \& paralysis of the finger \& thumb EXT\{\{nl\}\}- Preserves wrist EXT due to innervation patterns \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 12)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Aetiology (risk factors):}} & - M\textgreater{}F (2:1)\{\{nl\}\}- Dominant arm\{\{nl\}\}- Trauma or space-occupying lesions (RA, brachial neuritis, spontaneous compression)\{\{nl\}\}- Most common site: Arcade of Frohse (proximal edge of supinator)\{\{nl\}\}- Also repetitive pronation/supination \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 11)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Pathophysiology:}} & - Nerve injury severity varies based on compression severity\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{3 categories of nerve injury:}}\{\{nl\}\}- {\bf{Neuropraxia:}} mildest form, demyelination, from compression/traction, slows conduction, may cause muscle weakness, -ve Tinel sign, recovery prognosis: days to 12 weeks\{\{nl\}\}- {\bf{Axonotmesis:}} demyelination \& axon damage, muscle weakness, may have +ve Tinel sign\{\{nl\}\}- {\bf{Neurotmesis:}} severe, nerve completely transected, no nerve conduction, surgical correction needed for recovery \tn 
% Row Count 47 (+ 23)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Posterior interosseous nerve entrapment (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Clinical presentation:}} & - Hx of trauma or fracture of the extremity\{\{nl\}\}- Can be present in Monteggia fractures or radial head fracture-dislocations \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Physical examination:}} & - Weakness w/ finger EXT\{\{nl\}\}- When asked to make a fist, wrist may deviate {\bf{radially}} due to extensor carpi ulna's weakness\{\{nl\}\}- Depending on injury severity, may be +ve Tinel sign \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 9)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Management:}} & - Pretty good prognosis\{\{nl\}\}- Pts continue to improve months after surgery\{\{nl\}\}- Athletes may return to play once full ROM \& strength\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Conservative:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Splinting\{\{nl\}\}- NSAIDs\{\{nl\}\}- Physical therapy\{\{nl\}\}- Activity modification\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Surgical:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Unsuccessful conservative therapy for at least 3 months \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 15)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Posterior interosseous nerve entrapment (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Ddx:}} & - {\bf{Radial tunnel syndrome:}} same sites of compression, however presents w/ forearm px w/o motor weakness\{\{nl\}\}- {\bf{Wartenberg syndrome:}} compression of superficial sensory radial n., no motor weakness, may present w/ paresthesia / numbness / ill-defined px over the dorsal radial aspect of hand \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 14)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\{\{popup="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541046/"\}\}link text\{\{/popup\}\}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pronator teres syndrome (PTS)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{{\bf{GREEN}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Intro:}} & - Compression of the {\bf{median n.}} by the pronator teres muscle in the forearm\{\{nl\}\}- Innervation: C6-7\{\{nl\}\}- \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Aetiology (risk factors):}} & - Rare \& often overlooked \& mistaken for CTS\{\{nl\}\}- M\textgreater{}F\{\{nl\}\}- Especially common in pts w/ additional fibrous bands\{\{nl\}\}- PTS can occur due to: local trauma, compression w/ Schwanoma (rare tumour), \& pts undergoing anticoagulation therapy \& renal dialysis \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 12)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Pathophysiology:}} & Quick \& repetitive grasping or pronation movements can lead to PT muscle hypertrophy \& entrapment of the median n. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Clinical presentation:}} & - Px in volar forearm region\{\{nl\}\}- Weakness may be significant\{\{nl\}\}- Muscle wasting rare, but mild weakness in: flexor pollicis longus (FPL), abductor pollicis brevis (APB), some involvement of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) in 2nd \& 3rd digits\{\{nl\}\}- PT commonly spared due to early innervation \tn 
% Row Count 38 (+ 14)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pronator teres syndrome (PTS) (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Physical examination:}} & - Reproduction: resisted pronation + FX of elbow\{\{nl\}\}- +ve Tinel sign over proximal edge of PT\{\{nl\}\}- +ve Phalen test over PT muscle in 50\%\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Variable sensory loss:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Involving palm or mimicking CTS\{\{nl\}\}- Including thenar eminence, thumb, index, middle, \& ring fingers \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 13)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Management:}} & - Good prognosis\{\{nl\}\}- Light duty in 3-6 weeks (conservative care speeds up)\{\{nl\}\}- Surgical cases: light duty in 6-8 weeks, regular duty in 10-12 weeks\{\{nl\}\}- Rest, activity modification, NSAIDs, physical therapy\{\{nl\}\}- Pts may usually continue work unless prominent motor or sensory deficits are present\{\{nl\}\}- Surgery considered after fail of \textgreater{}6 weeks of conservative care \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 18)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pronator teres syndrome (PTS) (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Ddx:}} & - CTS\{\{nl\}\}- AIN s.\{\{nl\}\}- Ligament entrapments\{\{nl\}\}- MN entrapment of hypertrophied lacertus fibrosis (bicipital aponeurosis)\{\{nl\}\}- Brachial plexus injury\{\{nl\}\}- Cx radiculopathy \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\{\{popup="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526090/"\}\}link text\{\{/popup\}\}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pulled elbow}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{{\bf{RED}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Intro:}} & - Also {\emph{Nursemaid elbow}} or {\emph{radial head subluxation}}\{\{nl\}\}- Common injury in young children\{\{nl\}\}- Radial head subluxation caused by axial traction resulting in px \& inability to supinate forearm \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 9)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Aetiology (risk factors):}} & - 1-4 yrs\{\{nl\}\}- 20\% of upper extremity injuries in children\{\{nl\}\}- Less common in \textgreater{}5 yrs because annular ligament strengthens w/ age\{\{nl\}\}- F\textgreater{}M\{\{nl\}\}- Recurrence rate: 20\% \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 8)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Pathophysiology:}} & - Trauma: axial traction on pronated forearm + elbow EXT\{\{nl\}\}- Lifted/swung by arms or pulling child's arm to prevent fall\{\{nl\}\}- Displacement of the annular ligament leads to discomfort \& px during arm movement\{\{nl\}\}- Longitudinal traction (e.g. baby rolling onto their arm) can also lead to radial head subluxation (\textless{}6 months old) \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 16)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pulled elbow (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Clinical presentation:}} & {\bf{Child's behaviour:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Often nervous \& may support affected arm protectively w/ opposite hand\{\{nl\}\}- Arm held in complete or almost complete EXT + pronation\{\{nl\}\}- Refusal to move the arm \& becoming upset during examination\{\{nl\}\}- Generally no px unless the arm is manipulated\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Caregivers may report:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Arm pulled upwards by the wrist or swung around by the arms prior to Ssx onset\{\{nl\}\}- No known trauma or awareness of the incident causing the injury\{\{nl\}\}- Onset of Ssx after FOOSH (less common) \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 24)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Physical examination:}} & - Tenderness at radial head\{\{nl\}\}- Resistance to forearm pronation, supination, FX, \& EXT\{\{nl\}\}- Absence of ecchymosis, erythema, edema, or signs of trauma\{\{nl\}\}- Intact circulation, sensation, \& motor ability distal to the elbow\{\{nl\}\}- Possible lack of cooperation w/ the exam\{\{nl\}\}- Spontaneous reduction: radial head may spontaneously reduce before exam, reassurance to parents after exam is usually sufficient \tn 
% Row Count 43 (+ 19)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.7715 cm} x{9.4985 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pulled elbow (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Management:}} & {\bf{Closed reduction (brief but potentially painful):}}\{\{nl\}\}- Px resolves post-reduction (within minutes)\{\{nl\}\}- Techniques for reduction: hyperpronation (preferred) \& supination/FX\{\{nl\}\}- Arm function should be regained post-reduction; imaging if not\{\{nl\}\}- Referral to orthopaedic surgeon if arm not used post-reduction\{\{nl\}\}- No splinting or sling required\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Post-treatment instructions:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Avoid activities causing axial traction to arm to prevent recurrence\{\{nl\}\}- Excellent prognosis post-reduction \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 24)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
• {\bf{Ddx:}} & - Elbow fracture\{\{nl\}\}- Fractured wrist\{\{nl\}\}- Green stick fracture\{\{nl\}\}- Hand injury\{\{nl\}\}- Monteggia fracture\{\{nl\}\}- Sypracondylar fracture\{\{nl\}\}- Soft tissue damage of hand \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\{\{popup="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430777/"\}\}link text\{\{/popup\}\}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{6.7353 cm} x{10.5347 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Medial collateral ligament sprain*}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• {\bf{Intro:}} & - Stretching or tearing of ligaments, due to abnormal or excessive forces applied to a joint\{\{nl\}\}- Classified in 3 grades \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Grade 1:}} & - Mild stretching of the ligament complex w/o joint instability \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Grade 2:}} & - Partial rupture of the ligament complex w/o joint instability \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Grade 3:}} & - Complete rupture of the ligament complex w/ instability of the joint \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Causes of MCL injury:}} & - Overstretched in a single incident, e.g. unnatural bending or twisting of elbow\{\{nl\}\}- Repetitive ligament stretching, e.g. overhead throwing activities \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 7)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Outcome of MCL injury:}} & - Increased valgus stress \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Prognosis:}} & - {\bf{Grade 1-2:}} 2-6 weeks \& high-end sports in 8 weeks\{\{nl\}\}- {\bf{Grade 3 ruptures:}} significantly longer rehabilitation depending on whether surgical intervention was required \& how much damage is present \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\{\{popup="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/"\}\}link text\{\{/popup\}\}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}



\end{document}