\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{bee.f (bee.f)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (23-pathophysiology-of-the-reproductive-system.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (bee.f (bee.f))
  /Subject (23 Pathophysiology of the Reproductive System Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{B5838D}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{FAF7F7}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{23 Pathophysiology of the Reproductive System Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{bee.f (bee.f)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/180201/cs/37494/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}bee.f (bee.f) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/bee-f} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 4th March, 2023.\\
   Updated 6th March, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Kidney stones}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Definition:}} Hard deposits of minerals \& salts forming within the urinary tract} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Signs \& symptoms:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Severe, sharp pain in the side \& back, below the ribs\{\{nl\}\}- Pain that radiates to the lower abdomen \& groin\{\{nl\}\}- Pain that comes in waves \& fluctuates in intensity (due to stones moving)\{\{nl\}\}- Pain or burning sensation while urinating\{\{nl\}\}- Pink, red or brown urine\{\{nl\}\}- Cloudy or foul-smelling urin\{\{nl\}\}- Persistent need to urinate, urinating more often than usual or urinating in small amounts\{\{nl\}\}- Nausea \& vomiting\{\{nl\}\}- Fever \& chills if an infection is present\{\{nl\}\}=\textgreater{} Pain may change {[}e.g. shifting to a different location or increasing in intensity - as the stone moves through the urinary tract{]}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 13)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Pathophysiology \& mechanism:}} Diet, excessive body weight, medical conditions, supplements, medications (\& genetics) = urine becomes concentrated, forming stones (in any part of the urinary tract)} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Kidney stones}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/bee-f_1677938752_Calcium-Oxalate-Kidney-Stones-1024x806.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (males)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Definition:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Enlarged prostate gland due to ↑ in cell number (noncancerous)\{\{nl\}\}- More frequent in West\{\{nl\}\}- More common in black people} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Signs \& symptoms:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Frequent/urgent urination\{\{nl\}\}- ↑ urination at night\{\{nl\}\}- Trouble starting to pee\{\{nl\}\}- Weak urine stream (or stop-starts)\{\{nl\}\}- Dripping at end of urination\{\{nl\}\}- Not able to empty bladder fully\{\{nl\}\}- Less common: UTI, not able to urinate, blood in urine} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Pathophysiology \& mechanism:}} Aging, various hormonal, bladder/kidney stones, problem with nerves that control bladder, prostate/bladder cancer} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Risk factors:}} Aging, family Hx, diabetes, heart disease, lifestyle} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Treatment:}} Medication, therapy, surgery} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/bee-f_1677955281_Benign-Prostatic-Hyperplasia p1.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (contnd)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/bee-f_1677955311_Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia p2.jpeg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Female Reproductive Disorders}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{width=25\}\} {\bf{Pelvic \seqsplit{Inflammatory} Disease}} & \{\{width=25\}\} {\bf{Endometriosis}} & \{\{width=25\}\} {\bf{Abnormal Uterine Bleeding}} & \{\{width=25\}\} {\bf{Female Infertility}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Definition:}} Infection of he female upper genital tract, including the womb, fallopian tubes \& ovaries & {\bf{Definition:}} \seqsplit{Endometrium} (womb lining tissue) implants \& grows in places other than the uterine cavity (ovaries, fallopian tubes); women of any age; long term condition & {\bf{Definition:}} Bleeding between monthly periods, prolonged bleeding, extremely heavy periods\{\{nl\}\}Umbrella term for 2 different \seqsplit{conditions} (\{\{fa-star\}\}) & {\bf{Definition:}} Couple cannot conceive (both can be the issue ) \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 18)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Signs \& symptoms:}}\{\{nl\}\}- May be asymptomatic\{\{nl\}\}- Pain around pelvis or lower abdomen\{\{nl\}\}- \seqsplit{Discomfort} or pain during sex that is felt deep inside the pelvis (+/- bleeding)\{\{nl\}\}- Bleeding between periods or after sex\{\{nl\}\}- Unusual vaginal discharge\{\{nl\}\}- Fever \& vomiting\{\{nl\}\}- Pain in the rectum & {\bf{Signs \& symptoms:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Sharp, deep pain during ovulation, sex, bowel movements, \&/or urination\{\{nl\}\}- Heavy, painful periods or bleeding in between periods\{\{nl\}\}- \seqsplit{Indigestion}, diarrhoea, \seqsplit{constipation}, \& nausea\{\{nl\}\}- Fatigue\{\{nl\}\}- Sciatica during \seqsplit{menstruation} & {\bf{Signs \& symptoms:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Heavy periods\{\{nl\}\}- Irregular bleeding\{\{nl\}\}- Prolonged periods\{\{nl\}\}- \seqsplit{Inconsistent} menstrual cycles\{\{nl\}\}- Spotting & {\bf{Causes:}}\{\{nl\}\} - Infection\{\{nl\}\} - Fibroids\{\{nl\}\} - Polyps\{\{nl\}\} - \seqsplit{Septations} \seqsplit{(congenital} malformations)\{\{nl\}\} - \seqsplit{Polycystic} ovaries (produce eggs not ready to be fertilised)\{\{nl\}\} -Uterine tube blockage (eggs don't reach uterine cavity)\{\{nl\}\} - Adhesions (due to past \seqsplit{bleedings)} \tn 
% Row Count 54 (+ 31)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Female Reproductive Disorders (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pathophysiology \& mechanism:}} Infection (sexually \seqsplit{transmitted} bacteria) in the vagina or the neck of the cervix =\textgreater{} spreads higher up into the \seqsplit{reproductive} organs & {\bf{Pathophysiology \& mechanism:}} \seqsplit{Retrograde} flow \seqsplit{endometrial} cells =\textgreater{} flow through \seqsplit{reproductive} organs = growth of \seqsplit{endometrium} tissue occurs in wrong places & {\bf{Pathophysiology \& mechanism:}}\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Local causes:}} {\bf{P}}olyp, {\bf{A}}denomyosis, {\bf{L}}eiomyoma, {\bf{M}}alignacy\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Systemic causes:}} {\bf{C}}oagulopathy, {\bf{O}}vulatory, {\bf{E}}ndometrial, {\bf{I}}atrogenic, {\bf{N}}ot otherwise \seqsplit{classified} (Ishmocele)\{\{nl\}\}=\textgreater{} Changes in \seqsplit{prostaglandin} \seqsplit{concentration}, increased \seqsplit{endometrial} \seqsplit{responsiveness} to \seqsplit{vasodilating} \seqsplit{prostaglandins}, and changes in \seqsplit{endometrial} vascular structure & {\bf{Pathophysiology \& mechanism:}} Any of above causes =\textgreater{}oocyte not released due to ↓ release of oestrogen by. \seqsplit{ovaries/↓} follicles available to \seqsplit{ovulate/gentic} \seqsplit{damage/↓transport} of oocyte through fallopian tubes/ ↓ egg/sperm mobility due to local \seqsplit{inflammation/inability} of cervix to produce normal mucus, \&/or sperm unable to enter the \seqsplit{cervix/uterine} lining \seqsplit{disruption/↓} \seqsplit{vascularisation} \& \seqsplit{endometrial} regrowth \tn 
% Row Count 42 (+ 42)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Female Reproductive Disorders (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Complications:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Can result in \seqsplit{infertility} or an ectopic pregnancy\{\{nl\}\}- Chronic pelvic pain (\{\{fa-bolt\}\})\{\{nl\}\}=\textgreater{} \seqsplit{Especially} when \seqsplit{asymptomatic} as it's left untreated & {\bf{Complications:}}\{\{nl\}\}- \seqsplit{Subfertility} or infertility\{\{nl\}\}- \seqsplit{Significant} physical, emotional \& social impact & {\bf{Treatment:}} \seqsplit{Medication}, hormonal \seqsplit{contraception} \& surgery & {\bf{Risk factors:}} Age; smoking; weight; Hx of STIs \seqsplit{(chlamydia} \& \seqsplit{gonorrhea);} alcohol \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 18)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Treatment:}} \seqsplit{Antibiotics} \& in worst cases surgery & {\bf{Treatment:}} Hormone therapy; hormonal \seqsplit{contraception;} \seqsplit{conservative} surgery; \seqsplit{hysterectomy} (last resort) & \{\{fa-star\}\}{\bf{Menorrhogia: }}excessive \&/or prolonged menstruation\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Metrorrhagia:}} excessive, prolonged \&/or irregular bleeding unrelated to \seqsplit{menstruation} & {\bf{Treatment:}} Fertility drugs \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 16)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Female Reproductive Disorders (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-bolt\}\}{\bf{Chronic Pelvic Pain:}} Any pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis lasting longer than 6 months; common (1/6 women); often without obvious cause (multiple conditions can cause it); physical, psychological \& social factors} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Urinary Incontinence}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Definition:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Loss of bladder control\{\{nl\}\}- {\bf{4}} types of incontinence: {\emph{Stress}} incontinence {[}Urine leak after coughing, laughing, sneezing, or exercising{]}; {\emph{Urge}} incontinence {[}Urine leak after a strong, sudden urge to urinate{]}; {\emph{Mixed}} incontinence {[}mix of stress \& urge, may leak urine with laugh or sneeze{]}; {\emph{Temporary}} incontinence {[}Illness e.g. UTI{]}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Signs \& symptoms:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Failure to void\{\{nl\}\}- Failure to store\{\{nl\}\}- Urodynamic studies} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Pathophysiology \& mechanism:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Overflow incontinence =\textgreater{} overfilling of the bladder from obstruction; Bladder Outlet Obstruction (tumour, stone, BPH, urethral or bladder neck stricture)\{\{nl\}\}- Detrusor overactivity =\textgreater{} overactive bladder (idiopathic), CNS lesion (neurogenic), inflammation/infection (cystitis,UTI), diabetes mellitus\{\{nl\}\}- ↓bladder wall compliance =\textgreater{} progressive ↑ in intravesicle pressure during bladder filling pushing urine from the bladder\{\{nl\}\}- Urethral hyper mobility, intrinsic sphincter deficiency, or a poorly coating urethra =\textgreater{} ↓ pelvic floor muscle \& ligament strength causing ↓ tone of vesicoureteral sphincter unit; ↓ urethral strength \& associated strained \& smooth muscle (iatrogenic)} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 15)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Treatment:}} Exercises; therapies; medication \& surgery} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Urinary Incontinence}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/bee-f_1677952628_Urinary-Incontinence-.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Urinary Infection}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Definition:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Infection in any part of the urinary system\{\{nl\}\}- Women at greater risk (shorter urethra, increasing likelihood of infection ascension)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Causes:}} Bacteria (most commonly {\emph{faecal bacteria}})} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Signs \& symptoms:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Strong urge to urinate that doesn't go away\{\{nl\}\}- Burning feeling when urinating\{\{nl\}\}- Urinating often \& small amounts\{\{nl\}\}- Cloudy \& strong-smelling urine\{\{nl\}\}- Red, bright pink or cola-coloured urine (signs of blood)\{\{nl\}\}- Pelvic pain (centre of pelvis \& around pubic bone)\{\{nl\}\}- Fever \&/or chills\{\{nl\}\}- Pain in lower back \&/or side} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 8)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Pathophysiology \& mechanism:}}\{\{nl\}\}1. Colonisation (pathogen colonises the periurethral area \& ascends through the urethra upwards to the bladder) 2. Uroepithelium penetration (Cumbria allow bladder epithelial cell attachment \& penetration → bacteria continue to replicate \& may form biofilms) 3. Ascension (once sufficient bacteria colonise, they may ascend on the ureter towards the kidneys) 4.Pyelonephritis (inflammatory response to the infection of renal parenchyma) 5. Acute kidney injury (if inflammatory cascade continues, tubular obstruction \& damage occurs → interstitial edema, may → interstitial nephritis → AKI)} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 13)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Complications:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Repeated infections\{\{nl\}\}- Permanent kidney damage (untreated UTI)\{\{nl\}\}- Delivering a low birth weight or premature infant (UTI during pregnancy)\{\{nl\}\}- Narrowed urethra (males)\{\{nl\}\}- Sepsis (life threatening; infection that travelled up to the kidneys)} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Urinary Infection (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Treatment:}} Antibiotic or vaginal oestrogen therapy (after menopause)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lower Urinary Tract Infection (LUTI)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/bee-f_1677954358_Lower Urinary Tract Infection (LUTI).jpeg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Upper Urinary Tract Infection (UUTI)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/bee-f_1677954404_Upper-Urinary-Tract-Infection-UUTI.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Separation block}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/bee-f_1677950025_Pelvic-Inflammatory-Disease.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Endometriosis}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/bee-f_1677950216_Endometriosis.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/bee-f_1677950256_Abnormal-Uterine-Bleeding.jpeg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Female Infertility}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/bee-f_1677950292_Pathogenesis-of-Female-Infertility-1024x768.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}