\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Bayan (Bayan.A)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (java-mastery-part-2.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Bayan (Bayan.A))
  /Subject (Java Mastery - Part 2 Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3A3A3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F3F3F3}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Java Mastery - Part 2 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Bayan (Bayan.A)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/122738/cs/22936/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Bayan (Bayan.A) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/bayan-a} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 19th July, 2023.\\
   Updated 1st June, 2020.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.58804 cm} x{2.38896 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{if then else}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{`if`}} statement identifies the statement/code block to run based on the expressions value(the specific condition)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Code block is defined by curly braces & \{can contain 1 or more statements\} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{`else`}} comes after the if, executed when the condition is `false`} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{`else if `}}can test multiple conditions} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example}} \newline  \newline `int score = 6000;` \newline `if (score \textgreater{}= 5000) \{` \newline ~ do something; \newline `\} else if (score \textless{}1000 \&\& score \textgreater{}= 500) \{` \newline ~ do something else; \newline `{]} else {[} ` \newline ~ do this if all previous conditions are false \newline \}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Method}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Prevent code duplication} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Same as 'function' in other languages} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Set the name of the method, then the data type and name of parameters it will access from the `main` method} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Java automatically creates variables with the appropriate data type for us} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Defining a new method:}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`public static void methodName(boolean boolParam, int intParam)` \{ \{\{nl\}\} \}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`void` means to "return nothing"} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.83689 cm} x{2.14011 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Calling a Method}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{When the method is called, all the code in curly braces \{ \} in the method is executed} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Execute by {\bf{calling}} the method (in `main`) with the required {\bf{arguments}} in the brackets} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Arguments can be the variable name or the actual values we want to send, as long as it matches the parameters & otherwise an error. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`methodName(variable1, variable2);`} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
In the example, two arguments expected & datatype need not be specified \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{A variable can be assigned a method result}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{e.g. \{\{nl\}\} `int highScore = calculateScore(gameOver, score, level, bonus);`} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{When the variable highScore is printed, the result of the calculations is sent back from the calculateScore method and assigned ot the variable} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Return variable from method to main:}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`public static int methodName(boolean boolParam, int intParam)` \{ \{\{nl\}\} \}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Changing `void` to `int` means we are returning an `int` data type to the Main Method} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The method must explicitly return he variable:} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`return newValue;`} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{An `int` variable is expected, whether or not the statements in the method execute\{\{nl\}\} (i.e. when an if statement is either true or false, something must be returned)} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{All the program variations must be accounted for} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Full example:}} \{\{nl\}\} `public static void main(String{[}{]} args) \{ `\{\{nl\}\}  ~` boolean isThisHelpful = true;` \{\{nl\}\} ~ `int points = 15;` \{\{nl\}\} ~ \seqsplit{`methodName(isThisHelpful}, points);` \{\{nl\}\}`\}`} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`public static int methodName(boolean isThisHelpful, int points) \{` \newline  \newline ~ `if (isThisHelpful) \{` \newline ~ ~ `int finalScore = points + 5` \newline ~ ~ \seqsplit{`System.out.println("Your} final score is: " + finalScore);` \newline ~ ~ `return finalScore;` \newline ~ ~` \}` \newline `return -1; ` \newline  // -1 indicates invalid value/not found}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Method Overloading}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Allows us to create multiple methods with the {\bf{same name }}with {\bf{different parameters}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Changing the data type of the method will {\bf{not}} make it a unique signature. {\bf{The number of paramaters make it unique.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The methods can have the same name but {\bf{different implementations}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`sum(int a, int b);` \{\{nl\}\} `sum(int a, int b, int c);` \{\{nl\}\} `sum(int a, int b, int c, int d);`} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`public static int sum(int a, int b) \{`\{\{nl\}\} `return a + b;`  \{\{nl\}\}` \}`} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`public static int sum(int a, int b, int c) \{`\{\{nl\}\} `return a + b + c; \{\{nl\}\} \}`} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`public static int sum(int a, int b, int c, int d) \{`\{\{nl\}\} `return a + b + c + d; \{\{nl\}\} \}`} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{pintln methid is an example of method overloading, as there are 10 methods of the same name} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{It improves code readability and re-usability} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Easier to remember one method name isntead of many} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Achieves naming consistency} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Gives flexibility to call a similar method with different types of data, based on defined arguments/parameters} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.53827 cm} x{2.43873 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Switch}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Similar to the if-then-else statement} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Good for testing values of the same variable} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The variable that will be changed goes inside the brackets} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{the conditions tested will be the {\bf{case}} numbers} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{break;}} are essential to close off your case comparision. Without it, results will be unpredictable.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The final switch statement is {\bf{default}}, same as {\bf{else}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Switch statement}} & {\bf{if-then-else equivalent}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
`int value = 1;` & `int value = 1;` \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`switch(value) \{` & Setting the variable to be changed \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
`case 1:` & `if (value == 1) \{` \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{`System.out.println("Value} was 1");` & \seqsplit{`System.out.println("Value} was 1");` \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`break;`} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`case 2:` & `\} else if (value == 2) \{` \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{`System.out.println("Value} was 2");` & \seqsplit{`System.out.println("Value} was 2");` \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`break;`} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
`default:` & `  \} else \{` \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{`System.out.println("Was} not 1 or 2");` & \seqsplit{`System.out.println("Was} not 1 or 2");` \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`break;`} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`\}` & `\}` \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.53827 cm} x{2.43873 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Switch (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Case tests can also be on one line, e.g.: & `case 3:case 4:case 5:` \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Common Methods}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
variable.{\bf{toLowerCase()}} & Turns the string variable to all lower case \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
variable.{\bf{toUpperCase()}} & Turns the string variable to all UPPERCASE \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Math.round}}(variable) & Rounds decimal numbers to the nearest value \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{String.format("\%.2f",}} variable) & Converts and outputs the variable number with just two decimale points \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Math.sqrt}}(variable); & Variable must be long. If not, add (long) before the expression \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{variable1.equals(variable2)}} & Tests if one String variable is equal to another \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.29402 cm} x{3.68298 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{For Loop/Statement}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Processes a part of a code block until a condition is satisfied} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Variable created in the for statement only exists in that code block} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Structure}}:} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{for(init; termination; increment)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{init:}} & Code {\bf{initialised}} once at the start of the loop \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{termination:}} & Determines at what point it exits the for loop \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Once it evaluates to false, it will exit the loop and proceed to the next line \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{increment}} & An expression invoked after each iteration \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`for(int i = 0; i \textless{} 5; i++)`} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
int i = 0 & initialise i to zero, \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
i \textless{} 5 & test if i is less than 5 and keeps processing until i is greater than 5 \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
i++ & add 1 to the value of i \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Looping forwards or backwards depends on the conditions and ranges} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{For Statement}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/bayan-a_1590424312_for statement.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{while/do-while}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Similar to the for loop} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{instead of looping a certian number of times(as seen in `for`), `while() allows you to loop until the expression is true or false} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{the count must be incremented, otherwise you will enter an infinite loop} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{for version}} & {\bf{while version}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`for(int i = 0; i != 5; i++) \{`\{\{nl\}\} //do something  \} & `int i = 1` \{\{nl\}\} `while(i != 6)` \{ \{\{nl\}\} //do something \} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{while}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{while(condition \{ \{\{nl\}\} //statements \{\{nl\}\} \}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`while(true) \{` \{\{nl\}\} `if(i == 5) \{ ` \{\{nl\}\} `break; `\{\{nl\}\} \} \{\{nl\}\} count++;} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Do-While}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{It will always execute once or more depending on defined expressions} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
do \{ \{\{nl\}\} //statements \{\{nl\}\} \} while(condition); & {\bf{Remember}}, semi-colon after while condition \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`count = 1; \{\{nl\}\} do \{ \{\{nl\}\} count++; \{\{nl\}\} \} while(count != 6);`} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Object-Oriented Programming}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Object & A value of a class type \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Has states and behaviours \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & State is stored in fields \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & e.g. a dogs name, breed, colour \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Behaviour is shown via methods \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & e.g. a dogs behaviour: barking, wagging tail, running \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Class & Describes set of objects with the same behaviour \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Can have any number of methods to access the value of different methods \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Updating a variable using a method instead of directly}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Why?}} & If the variables access modifier is set to `private` for security reasons, we don't want users to directly change the variable by making it 'public' \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 6)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Use `this.` before the class to refer to a particular field} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
`this.model = model;` & this means to update the field model with the contents of the parameter `model` that was passed through. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Classes can have: \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Local variables}}: Defined in methods, constructors or blocks \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Instance variables}}: variables withina  class but outside any method. Initialised when the class in instantiated. \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Class variables}}: Variables declared within a class, outside any method, with the static keyword}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Static Variables}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Declared using the keyword `static`} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Also known as {\bf{static member variables}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Every class instance shares the same static variable & Changes made to that variable will be seen in other instances \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Accessible by {\bf{static methods}} directly} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Reading user input with {\bf{Scanner}}, `scanner` is declared as a static variable} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
e.g. `private static String name;` & not a good idea \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.34379 cm} x{3.63321 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Instance variables}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{They {\bf{don't}} use the static keyword} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Known as fields or member variables} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Belong to an {\bf{instance}} of a class} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Represents the state of an isntance} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Every instance: & -Has it's own copy of an instance variable \{\{nl\}\} -Can have a different value(state) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.09034 cm} x{2.88666 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Static Method}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Declared using a static modifier} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Can't access instance methods and instance variables directly} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cannot use the `this` keyword & Usually used for operations that don't require data from an instance of the class (from `this`) \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{When a method {\bf{does not use instance variables}}, that method should be {\bf{declared as a static method}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{e.g. main is a static method and is called by JVM when it starts an application} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example}} \newline  \newline `public static void printSum(int a, int b) \{` \newline ~ `System.out.println("sum = " + (a + B));` \newline `\}`}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Instance Methods}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Belongs to an instance of a class} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{To use, we must instantiate the class first by using the new keyword} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Can}} access instance methods and variables directly} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Can access static methods and static variables directly} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`class Dog \{`  \{\{nl\}\} ~ `public void bark() \{` ~  \{\{nl\}\}~ \seqsplit{`System.out.println("woof");`} \{\{nl\}\}~ \} \{\{nl\}\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`public class Main \{ ` \{\{nl\}\} ~ `public static void main(String {[}{]} args) \{\{\{nl\}\} ~  ~  ``Dog rex = new Dog();` `//create instance` \{\{nl\}\} ~ ~ ``rex.bark(); //call instance method`` \{\{nl\}\} ~ \} \{\{nl\}\} \}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Static or Instance Method?}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/bayan-a_1590968049_vlcsnap-2020-06-01-00h31m59s924.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Should a method be static? \newline ~ | \newline ~ V \newline Doies it use any fields(instance variables) or Instance methods? \newline  \newline YES? It should probably be an instance method \newline  \newline NO? It should probably be a static method}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}