\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Bayan (Bayan.A)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (cyber-crime-and-digital-forensics-module-revision.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Bayan (Bayan.A))
  /Subject (Cyber Crime and Digital Forensics Module Revision Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3A3A3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F3F3F3}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Cyber Crime and Digital Forensics Module Revision Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Bayan (Bayan.A)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/122738/cs/45996/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Bayan (Bayan.A) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/bayan-a} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 14th April, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.54924 cm} x{1.23579 cm} x{2.79197 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Internal Components of a HDD}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{A hard disk drive (HDD) is a magnetic storage device used for persistence data storage.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Acronym:} & PCTHA & Please Carry These Super Small Heavy Apples! \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Physical Components:} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
- & {\bf{P}}latter: & Circular disks coated with magnetic material where data is stored magnetically on both sides. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- & {\bf{C}}ylinders & A set of tracks on all platters that are at the same radial distance from the spindle. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{T}}racks: & The circular paths where data is magnetically stored and read. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- & {\bf{S}}ectors: & Pie-shaped divisions on a track that are the smallest unit of data storage, typically 512 bytes. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
- & {\bf{S}}pindle: & The central axis around which the platters rotate. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- & {\bf{H}}eads: & Read/write mechanisms (one for each side of each platter) that move across the platter surface to access data. Data is read from and written to both sides of the platter simultaneously. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.54924 cm} x{1.23579 cm} x{2.79197 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Internal Components of a HDD (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- & {\bf{A}}ctuator Arms: & Mechanical arms that move the heads to the correct radial position (cylinder) on the platters. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.32733 cm} x{1.60195 cm} x{1.64772 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Calculating CHS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cylinders, Heads, Sectors (CHS): & A method of addressing data on HDDs based on their physical structure &  \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Components involved:} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- & Cylinders: & Represents concentric tracks across all platter surfaces. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Platters: & Correspond to each readable surface of a platter (two heads per platter). \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Sectors: & Wedge-like segments within a track that store data. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Formula for calculating HDD capacity using CHS:} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- & Cylinders x Platters x Sectors x Sector Size (512 bytes) = Total Bytes. &  \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 6)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Example: & Cylinders(50) x Platters (5) x Sectors (10) x Sector Size 512 bytes) &  \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.32733 cm} x{1.60195 cm} x{1.64772 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Calculating CHS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 50 x (5 x 2) x 10 x 512 & Each platter has two sides, so we multiply it by 2. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Capacity = 2,560,000 bytes &  \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.24425 cm} x{3.73275 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Difference between Sectors and Clusters}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Sectors: }} & The smallest {\bf{physical}} storage unit on a disk, with a fixed size, typically {\bf{512 bytes}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Clusters:}} & The smallest {\bf{logical}} unit of disk space that is {\bf{allocated}} to hold a file by the file system. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A cluster consists of {\bf{one or more contiguous sectors}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{File systems use clusters for efficiency in managing disk space, as they don't have to track every individual sector for file allocations} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\bf{allocation unit size}} during formatting determines cluster size.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Live files, Slack space, Unallocated space}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Live files:}} & Files that are currently present in the file system and accessible \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Slack space:}} & The unused space within the {\bf{last cluster}} allocated to a file. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Since files rarely perfectly fill a cluster, the remaining space might contain fragments of previously deleted files ({\bf{drive slack}}) or remnants of data from RAM ({\bf{RAM slack}}) \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Unallocated space:}} & The portion of the hard drive that is {\bf{not currently assigned}} to any file or partition. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & When a file is "deleted," only its entry in the file system is removed, but the data often remains in the unallocated space until overwritten by new data. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & This area can contain recoverable data from previously deleted files. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.34379 cm} x{3.63321 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Encoding vs Encrypting}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Encoding: & the process of converting data from one format to another, typically for usability or compatibility reasons \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & This process is reversible. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Examples include ASCII or Unicode encoding of text \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Ab example would be Morse code. The text must be converted to Morse for transmission. Anyone who knows Morse code can decipher it. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Encryption} & is the process of transforming data into an unreadable format (ciphertext) to protect its confidentiality \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Encryption requires a key to decrypt the data back to its original form (plaintext). \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & An example would be putting a letter into a magical box that scrambles the writing unless the right key is used, preventing everyone from reading it except those with the key. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 7)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
The \seqsplit{difference:} & Encoding is reversible, used for transmission, storage, readability, while encryption is specifically for hiding data from those who are unauthorised to read it. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{4.42953 cm} p{0.54747 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{'Size' vs 'Size on Disk'}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Sectors: & S \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}