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% Document Info
\author{Bayan (Bayan.A)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (comptia-itf.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Bayan (Bayan.A))
  /Subject (CompTIA ITF Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
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\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{CompTIA ITF Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Bayan (Bayan.A)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/122738/cs/34595/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Bayan (Bayan.A) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/bayan-a} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 19th July, 2023.\\
   Updated 19th July, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.5988 cm} x{9.6712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 1 - Common Computing Devices}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Internet}} & a worldwide network of networks based on the TCP/IP protocol \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & not owned by a single company or organization. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & high-speed data communications lines between major host computers that route data and messages. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Battery}} & Power source for a portable computer, typically a rechargeable Lithium-ion (Li-ion) type \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & A small coin cell battery is also used in a computer to power CMOS RAM. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Cell phone(mobile telephony)}} & works through a series of base station transmitters (cells) that connect to the cellular and telephone networks \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 6)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & an be used for voice and data communications \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 2G(GSM; up to about 14 Kbps) \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 2.5G(GPRS, HSCSD, and EDGE; up to about 48 Kbps) \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.5988 cm} x{9.6712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 1 - Common Computing Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 3G(WCDMA; up to about 2 Mbps) \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 4G(LTE; up to about 150 Mbps) \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 5G(up to 1 Gbps) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Embedded System}} & A computer system that is designed to perform a specific, dedicated function \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & e.g:microcontroller in a medical drip or components in a control system managing a water treatment plant. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Firmware}} & software instructions stored semi-permanently (embedded) on a hardware device \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & e.g. BIOS instructions stored in a ROM chip on the motherboard for instance \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Internet of Things(IoT)}} & global network of personal devices \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & such as: phones, tablets, and fitness trackers, home appliances, home control systems, vehicles, and other items that have been equipped with sensors, software, and network connectivity. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.5988 cm} x{9.6712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 1 - Common Computing Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Laptop/Notebook}} & portable computer offering similar functionality to a desktop computer \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
 & comes with built-in LCD screens and input devices (keyboard and touchpad) \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & can be powered from building power (via an AC Adapter) or by a battery \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Peripheral devices can be connected via USB, PCMCIA, or ExpressCard adapters. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Mobile Device}} & Portable phones and smart phones can be used to interface with workstations using technologies such as Bluetooth or USB. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 6)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
 & As such, they are increasingly the focus of viruses and other malware \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 4)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Portable devices storing valuable information are a considerable security risk when taken offsite. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.5988 cm} x{9.6712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 1 - Common Computing Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Mobile Phone}} & UK English term for a cell phone. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Smartphone}} & mobile device that provides both phone and SMS text messaging functionality and general purpose computing functionality((web browsing and email plus running software apps)) \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 8)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & typically have screen sizes of between 4 and 5.5 inches. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Tablet}} & A type of ultra-portable laptop with a touchscreen \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & usually based on form factors with either 7" or 10" screens \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
 & A phablet is a smaller device (like a large smartphone). \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{5.8718 cm} x{11.3982 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 2 - Using a Workstation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Control Panel}} & The primary management interface for Windows. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Desktop}} & primary user interface in Windows 7 and earlier is referred to as the desktop \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & at the top of the object hierarchy in Windows Explorer \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & ontaining the Computer, Documents, Network, and Recycle Bin objects \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & also stores shortcuts to programs, files, and system objects. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Notification Area}} & Part of the taskbar (on the right-hand side) \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & displays background applications and status information (such as the date and time, anti-virus software, network connections, and alerts) \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 6)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & In early versions of Windows this was managed by a systray process and is sometimes still referred to as the system tray. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 5)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Shortcut}} & An item typically placed on the desktop, or in the Start menu, which points to a program or data file. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{5.8718 cm} x{11.3982 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 2 - Using a Workstation (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & When selected, the referenced program or file loads. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Start Menu}} & The standard interface provided to locate and load applications in Windows 7 and earlier \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & the layout and features of the Start menu have changed in each version. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Start Screen}} & User interface introduced with Windows 8 to replace the Start Menu and manage a Windows device using a touchscreen. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Windows devices can be set to show the Start Screen or the Desktop at startup. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Taskbar}} & means of locating running programs and also contains the Start menu and system tray/notification area (as well as an optional Quick Launch toolbar) \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 6)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & It appears (by default) at the bottom of the desktop. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.1169 cm} x{9.1531 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 3: Using an OS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Kernel}} & All operating systems have a kernel \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & which is a low-level piece of code responsible for controlling the rest of the operating system \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Windows uses a multiprocessor aware, pre-emptive multitasking kernel. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{SOHO (Small Office Home Office)}} & Typically used to refer to network devices designed for small-scale LANs (up to 10 users). \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Android}} & Open source mobile (smartphone and tablet) OS software. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & developed by the {\bf{Open Handset Alliance}} (primarily sponsored by Google) \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Apple}} & Desktop and portable computer (and latterly smartphone and tablet) manufacturer \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Apple computers are built to use OS X which makes them incompatible with IBM PC/Windows-based software. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.1169 cm} x{9.1531 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 3: Using an OS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Chrome OS}} & derived from Linux, via an open source OS called {\bf{Chromium}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Chrome OS itself is proprietary \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & developed by Google to run on specific laptop (chromebooks) and PC (chromeboxes) hardware. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{iOS}} & Mobile OS developed by Apple for its iPhone and iPad devices \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Linux}} & An open-source operating system supported by a wide range of hardware and software vendors. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 5)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Microsoft}} & world's foremost supplier of operating system and Office productivity software \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & dominated the PC market since the development of the first IBM compatible PCs running MS-DOS. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 5)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{OS X}} & Operating system designed by Apple for their range of iMac computers, Mac workstations, and MacBook portables \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.1169 cm} x{9.1531 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 3: Using an OS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & OS X is based on the BSD version of UNIX \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
 & OS X is well supported by application vendors, especially in the design industry (Adobe/Macromedia). \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{UNIX Systems}} & originally developed by the telecommunications company AT\&T during the late 1960s and early 1970s \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
 & now a family of more than 20 related operating systems that are produced by various companies \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 5)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & operating system of choice for many high powered workstation \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
 & capable of supporting parallel processing and can run on a wide variety of platforms \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & offers a multitude of file systems in addition to its native system. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 4)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
 & UNIX servers are the main types of server that form the Internet and are able to use the TCP/IP protocol suite to provide compatibility between networks. \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.1169 cm} x{9.1531 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 3: Using an OS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Virtualization Technology}} & Software allowing a single computer (the host) to run multiple "guest" operating systems (or Virtual Machines {[}VM{]}) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The VMs are configured via a hypervisor or VM Monitor (VMM) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Ms can be connected using virtual networks (vSwitch) or leverage the host's network interface(s) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{white}
 & It is also possible for the VMs to share data with the host (via shared folders or the clipboard for instance) \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & VT is now used as major infrastructure in data centers as well as for testing and training. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 5)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{VM (Virtual Machine)}} & Operating systems running in Protected Mode can utilize a separate VM for various 32-bit processes. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.1169 cm} x{9.1531 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 3: Using an OS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & This provides protection so that each program is protected from all other programs \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{white}
 & refers to multiple operating systems installed on a single host PC using virtualization software (a hypervisor), such as Microsoft Hyper-V or VMware. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 8)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Windows}} & Ubiquitous operating system from Microsoft. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Windows started as version 3.1 for 16-bit computers \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & A workgroup version provided rudimentary network facilitie \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Windows NT 4 workstations and servers (introduced in 1993) provided reliable 32-bit operation and secure network facilities, based around domains \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 7)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The Windows 9x clients (Windows 95, 98, and Me) had far lower reliability and only support for workgroups, but were still hugely popular as home and business machines \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.1169 cm} x{9.1531 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 3: Using an OS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Windows 2000 workstations (Windows 2000 Professional) married the hardware flexibility and user interface of Windows 9x to the reliability and security of Windows NT, while the server versions saw the introduction of Active Directory for managing network objects \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 13)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Windows XP is the mainstream client version (with Home, Professional, Media Center, Tablet PC, and 64-bit editions) while Windows Server 2003/2008/2012/2016 provide the latest generation of servers \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 10)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The subsequent client releases of Windows (Vista and Windows 7) feature a substantially different interface (Aero) with 3D features as well as security improvements \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.1169 cm} x{9.1531 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 3: Using an OS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The latest client versions - Windows 8 and Windows 10 - are designed for use with touchscreen devices. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Windows Explorer}} & The standard interface provided for the management of files and folders under Windows \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & This has been renamed File Explorer in Windows 10 and is often just known as "Explorer." \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.9442 cm} x{9.3258 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 4: Managing an OS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Computer Management Console}} & provides tools for administering the local computer, including Device Manager, Event Viewer, Disk Management, Services, and Performance Monitor \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
** & {\bf{To access the console, alt-click (My) Computer and select Manage.}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{DOS (Disk Operating System)}} & Single tasking, real-mode operating system developed by Microsoft and widely adopted in the early 1980s \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The last Microsoft release is MS-DOS Version 6.22, in June of 1994. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{GUI (Graphical User Interface)}} & provides an easy to use, intuitive interface for a computer operating system \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Most GUIs require a pointing device, such as a mouse, to operate efficiently. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & One of the world's first GUI-based operating systems was the Apple Mac OS, released in 1984 \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.9442 cm} x{9.3258 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 4: Managing an OS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Thereafter, Microsoft produced their Windows family of products based around their GUI \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
 & In fact, recognizing that GUI covers a whole range of designs, the Windows interface is better described as a WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointing {[}device{]}) interface. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 8)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Registry}} & The registry database is the configuration database for Windows \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The registry can be directly edited by experienced support personnel using a variety of tools \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 5)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The registry should be backed up before system changes are made. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Service}} & Windows machines run services to provide functions; for example, Plug-and-Play, the print spooler, DHCP client, and so on \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.9442 cm} x{9.3258 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 4: Managing an OS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & These services can be viewed, configured, and started/stopped via the Services console \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
 & You can also configure which services run at startup using msconfig. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & You can view background services (as well as applications) using the Processes tab in Task Manager. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Task Manager}} & Program used to provide recovery of stalled applications. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & also allows for control of running tasks, processes, and CPU/memory utilization. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
 & can be displayed by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Esc, Ctrl+Alt+Del, or alt-clicking the taskbar. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 5)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Task Scheduler}} & enables the user to perform an action (such as running a program or a script) automatically at a pre-set time or in response to some sort of trigger \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.9442 cm} x{9.3258 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 4: Managing an OS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{UAC (User Account Control)}} & Security system in Windows designed to restrict abuse of accounts with administrator privileges. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Actions such as installing hardware and software can be performed without changing accounts but the user must authorize the use of administrative rights by clicking a prompt or re-entering user credentials. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 10)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Virtual Memory}} & Virtual memory (also known as swapping or paging) is an area on the hard disk allocated to contain pages of memory \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 6)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
 & When the operating system doesn't have sufficient physical memory (RAM) to perform a task (such as load a program) pages of memory are moved to the paging file (also known as a swap file) \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.9442 cm} x{9.3258 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 4: Managing an OS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & This frees physical RAM to enable the task to be completed \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
 & When the paged RAM is needed again, it is re-read into memory. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Understanding and configuring virtual memory settings is critical to optimizing the performance of the operating system. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.2534 cm} x{10.0166 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 5: Troubleshooting and Support}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Knowledge Base}} & A searchable database of product FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions), advice, and known troubleshooting issues. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The Microsoft KB is found at \seqsplit{http://support.microsoft.com/search.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{POST (Power-On Self-Test)}} & The POST procedure is a hardware checking routine built into the PC firmware. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & This test sequentially monitors the state of the memory chips, the processor, system clock, display, and firmware itself. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Errors that occur within vital components such as these are signified by beep codes emitted by the internal speaker of the computer \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Further tests are then performed and any errors displayed as on-screen error codes and messages. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Additional interpreter boards can be purchased that can supply information concerning boot failure. \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.2534 cm} x{10.0166 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 5: Troubleshooting and Support (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Troubleshooting}} & requires a methodical approach \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Having ensured that any data has been backed up, the first step is to gather information (from the user, error messages, diagnostic tools, or inspection). \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 7)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The next is to analyze the problem, again consulting documentation, web resources, or manufacturer's help resources if necessary. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 6)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
 & When analyzing a problem, it helps to categorize it (for example, between hardware and software). \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The next step is to choose and apply the most suitable solution \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Having applied a solution, the next step is to test the system and related systems to verify functionality \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 5)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The last step is to document the problem, steps taken, and the outcome \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{7.2534 cm} x{10.0166 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 5: Troubleshooting and Support (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & If the problem cannot be solved, it may be necessary to escalate it to another technician or manager. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{6.5626 cm} x{10.7074 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 6: Using Data Types and Units}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ASCII}} & 7-bit code page mapping binary values to character glyphs \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Standard ASCII can represent 127 characters, though some values are reserved for non-printing control characters. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Binary}} & Notational system with 2 values per digit (zero and one) \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Computers process code in binary because the transistors in its CPU and memory components also have two states (off and on). \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Bit/Byte}} & Units of storage. (See: Data Units.) \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{bps (Bits per Second)}} & The term "bits per second" is used to describe data transfer speed - the higher the number, the higher the transmission speed. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 6)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Boolean}} & Data type support 1-bit storage, representing FALSE and TRUE \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Boolean logic is a statement that resolves to a true or false condition and underpins the branching and looping features of computer code. \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{6.5626 cm} x{10.7074 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 6: Using Data Types and Units (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Char}} & Data type supporting storage of a single character. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Float}} & Data type supporting storage of floating point numbers (decimal fractions). \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Integer}} & Data type supporting storage of whole numbers. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{String}} & Data type supporting storage of a variable length series of characters. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Data Rate}} & Data rate is the speed at which data can be sent or received between two or more computer components \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 5)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
 & These components may be part of the same computer, or may be connected across a network. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The type of link that exists, the bus or port to which it is connected and the rate at which the data can be understood and processed are all factors that influence data rate \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 8)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The peak (or maximum theoretical) rate needs to be distinguished from actual throughput (or sustained rate) \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{6.5626 cm} x{10.7074 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 6: Using Data Types and Units (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Data Units}} & The fundamental unit of data storage is the bit (binary digit) which can represent 1 or 0 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
 & A bit can be measured in multiples using Kilobit (Kb) and Megabit (Mb) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & These units are often used to speak about network data transfer rates \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The computer industry abuses the SI system of decimal measurements where kilo=1,000, mega=1,000,000 and giga=1,000,000,000 \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 6)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Kilo is given a binary interpretation (a kilobit is 2\textasciicircum{}10 = 1024 bits) \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Different units are used to describe file sizes and memory capacity. 8 bits form a byte (B). 1024 bytes make a kilobyte (that is 2 \textasciicircum{} 10 bytes); 1024 kilobytes (KB) make a Megabyte (MB); 1024 MB makes 1 Gigabyte (GB); 1024 GB makes 1 Terabyte (TB). \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 11)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{6.5626 cm} x{10.7074 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 6: Using Data Types and Units (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Other units include the nibble ($\frac{1}{2}$byte) and the word (2 bytes). \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Hexadecimal}} & Notational system with 16 values per digit. Values above 9 are represented by the letters A,B,C,D,E,F. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Hex is a compact way of referring to long byte values, such as MAC and IPv6 addresses. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Transfer Rate}} & The amount of data that can be transferred over a network connection in a given amount of time, typically measured in bits or bytes per second (or some more suitable multiple thereof). \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 8)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Transfer rate is also described variously as data rate, bit rate, connection speed, transmission speed, or (sometimes inaccurately) bandwidth or baud \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 7)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Transfer rates are often quoted as the peak, maximum, theoretical value; sustained, actual throughput is often considerably less. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{6.5626 cm} x{10.7074 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 6: Using Data Types and Units (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Unicode}} & Extensible system of code pages capable of representing millions of character glyphs, allowing for international alphabets. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.4623 cm} x{8.8077 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 7: Using Apps}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{CAD (Computer-Aided Design)}} & Computer Aided Design (CAD) software makes technical drawings and schematics easier to produce and revise. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Compatibility Mode}} & Windows can run a program with settings from previous versions of Windows to try to resolve compatibility problems. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & This is configured from the program's shortcut properties dialog. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{DTP (Desktop Publishing)}} & Desktop Publishing (DTP) is similar to word processing but with more emphasis on the formatting and layout of documents than on editing the text. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 8)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{IM (Instant Messaging)}} & Real-time text communications products. IM also supports file exchange and remote desktop. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Like email, communications are generally unencrypted and unauthenticated. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.4623 cm} x{8.8077 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 7: Using Apps (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & can be difficult to block on private networks as most applications can work over HTTP. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Licensing}} & Terms governing the installation and use of operating system and application software \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & A license may cover use on a single computer or by a number of devices or concurrent users at a site. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 6)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Open Source}} & Open source means that the programming code used to design the software is freely available. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 5)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{PIM (Personal Information Manager)}} & software provides features for storing and organizing information such as contacts and calendar events and appointments. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 6)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Presentation}} & Presentation software enables users to create sophisticated business presentations that can be displayed as an on-screen slide show or printed onto overhead projector transparencies. \tn 
% Row Count 37 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.4623 cm} x{8.8077 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 7: Using Apps (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Spreadsheet}} & A spreadsheet consists of a table containing rows, columns, and cells. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
 & When values are entered into the cells, formulas can be applied to them, enabling complex calculations to be carried out. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 7)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Word Processing}} & Word processing means applications that help users to write and edit documents. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
 & A word processor will come with features enabling the user to edit, format, and review text quickly. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Product Key}} & A product key is often used to authenticate the use of a software package and may be required to activate the software for use. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 7)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Program Files}} & Windows folder providing the default location for installation of application executables and supporting files \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.4623 cm} x{8.8077 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 7: Using Apps (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Ideally, applications should not write user data back to Program Files but use the appropriate user profile folder. In x64 versions of Windows, "Program Files" stores 64-bit applications while 32-bit applications are installed to "Program Files (x86)." \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 13)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)}} & Microsoft's protocol for operating remote connections to a Windows machine (Terminal Services), allowing specified users to log onto the Windows computer over the network and work remotely. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 10)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The protocol sends screen data from the remote host to the client and transfer mouse and keyboard input from the client to the remote host. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.4623 cm} x{8.8077 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 7: Using Apps (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & It uses TCP port 3389. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{System Requirements}} & Before installing an OS (or a software application), the installer should check that the system meets the minimum hardware requirements \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 7)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & hese are typically for CPU speed, memory, and hard disk capacity. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Most software vendors specify minimum and recommended requirements. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & A system that does not meet the minimum requirements will not be able to run the software; one that does not meet the recommended requirements will run the software slowly. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 9)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Video Conferencing}} & Video conferencing or Video Teleconferencing (VTC) software allows users to configure virtual meeting rooms, with options for voice, video, and instant messaging. \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.4623 cm} x{8.8077 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 7: Using Apps (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{VoIP (Voice over IP)}} & Voice over IP or Internet telephony refers to carrying voice traffic over data networks. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
 & IP telephony provides integration with the fixed and mobile telephone networks \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & A network carrying both voice and data is said to be converged. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Converged networks introduce a whole new class of devices whose security implications need to be considered. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 6)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & There is also a greater vulnerability to DoS (without redundancy the network is a single point of failure for both voice and data traffic) and eavesdropping on voice communications. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 10)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.2896 cm} x{8.9804 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 8: Programming and App Development}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pseudocode}} & Writing out a program sequence using code blocks but without using the specific syntax of a particular programming language. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Variable}} & Identifier for a value that can change during program execution. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Variables are usually declared with a particular data type. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Vector}} & Identifier for a group of variables of the same type. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The number of possible elements in a vector {\bf{can vary during program execution.}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Array}} & Identifier for a group of variables of the same type \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The number of possible elements in an array is fixed when the array is declared. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Constant}} & Identifier for a value that is fixed before program execution and does not change. \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.2896 cm} x{8.9804 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 8: Programming and App Development (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Assembly Language}} & A compiled software program is converted to binary machine code using the instruction set of the CPU platform \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Assembly language is this machine code represented in human-readable text. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Cloud Computing}} & Any environment where software (Software as a Service and Platform as a Service) or computer/network resources (Infrastructure as a Service and Network as a Service) are provided to an end user who has no knowledge of or responsibility for how the service is provided. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 14)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Cloud services provide elasticity of resources and pay-per-use charging models \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Cloud access arrangements can be public, hosted private, or private (this type of cloud could be onsite or offsite relative to the other business units). \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.2896 cm} x{8.9804 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 8: Programming and App Development (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{HTML}} & The language (HyperText Markup Language) used to create web pages. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Java}} & Programming language used to create web server applications (J2EE) and client-side applications (running in the Java VM). \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 7)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Markup Language}} & System of tags used to structure a document. Examples include HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and eXtensible Markup Language (XML). \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 7)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{OOP (Object-Oriented Programming)}} & Technique for creating robust code by defining classes of "things" in the code. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The objects have attributes, methods, and properties. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Code external to the object can only interface with it via its public methods and properties. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.2896 cm} x{8.9804 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 8: Programming and App Development (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Web Application}} & Software run from a web server. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Clients can access the application using just a web browser. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{XML (eXtensible Markup Language)}} & A system for structuring documents so that they are human- and machine-readable. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Information within the document is placed within tags, which describe how information within the document is structured. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{6.3899 cm} x{10.8801 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 9: Using Databases}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Database}} & Most network applications utilize databases. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Major database server products include Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, IBM's DB2 and Informix, and Sybase. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Many databases are operated using Structured Query Language (SQL, pronounced "sequel") \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The freeware MySQL database is a popular choice to provide database functionality on websites \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Database engines are often subject to software exploits, and so should be kept patched \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Database design, programming, and administration is complex and security should be considered as a critical requirement. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Relational Database}} & Structured database in which information is stored in tables where columns represent typed data fields and rows represent records. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{6.3899 cm} x{10.8801 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 9: Using Databases (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Tables can have relationships, established by linking a unique primary key field in one table with the same value in a foreign key field in another table. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The overall structure of a particular database and its relations is called a schema. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 10: System Components}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
32-bit versus 64-bit & Processing modes referring to the size of each instruction processed by the CPU. 32-bit CPUs replaced earlier 16-bit CPUs and were used through the 1990s to the present day, though most CPUs now work in 64-bit mode. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 11)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The main 64-bit platform is called AMD64 or EM64T (by Intel) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & This platform is supported by 64-bit versions of Windows as well as various Linux distributions \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & oftware can be compiled as 32-bit or 64-bit. 64-bit CPUs can run most 32-bit software but a 32-bit CPU cannot execute 64-bit software. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Adapter Card & Circuit board providing additional functionality to the computer system (video, sound, networking, modem, and so on). \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 10: System Components (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & An adapter card fits a slot on the PC's expansion bus and often provides ports through slots cut into the back of the PC case. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Different cards are designed for different slots (PCI or PCIe). \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) & CPU manufacturer providing healthy competition for Intel. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
 & AMD chips such as the K6, Athlon 64, and Opteron have been very popular with computer manufacturers and have often out-performed their Intel equivalents. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 8)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ARM (Advanced RISC Machines) & Designer of CPU and chipset architectures widely used in mobile devices. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
 & RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computing. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & RISC microarchitectures use simple instructions processed very quickly \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 10: System Components (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & This contrasts with Complex (CISC) microarchitectures, which use more powerful instructions but process each one more slowly. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) & The BIOS is firmware that contains programs and information relating to the basic operation of PC components such as drives, keyboard, video display, and ports. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 8)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & It also contains specific routines to allow set-up configuration to be viewed and edited and it contains the self-diagnostic Power-On Self-Test (POST) program used to detect fundamental faults in PC components \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 11)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
 & BIOS can also be used to secure components not protected by the OS by specifying a supervisor password (to prevent tampering with BIOS settings) and a user password (to boot the PC). \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 10: System Components (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Bus & Buses are the connections between components on the motherboard and peripheral devices attached to the computer. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Buses are available in industry standard formats, each with its own advantages and disadvantages \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The standard functions of a bus are to provide data sharing, memory addressing, power supply, and timing. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 6)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Common bus types include PCI, PCI Express, ExpressCard, and USB. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Celeron Processor Series & Budget processor models produced by Intel alongside their Pentium and Core ranges. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 5)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
Chipset & The chipset provides communications between different components by implementing various controllers (for memory, graphics, I/O, and so on). \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 10: System Components (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The chipset may also provide "integrated" adapters (video, sound, and networking for instance) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Historically, "fast" controllers (memory and video) were part of a "northbridge" chipset, placed close to the CPU and system memory. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 7)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Slower buses were part of a "southbridge" chipset \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
 & In modern PC architecture, video and memory controllers are part of the CPU (on-die), the northbridge would mostly handle PCI Express adapters and the southbridge would host SATA, USB, audio and LAN functions, plus PCI/PATA legacy bus support. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 13)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cooling Device & A CPU generates a large amount of heat that must be dissipated to prevent damage to the chip \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 10: System Components (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Generally, a CPU will be fitted with a heatsink (a metal block with fins) and fan \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Thermal compound is used at the contact point between the chip and the heatsink to ensure good heat transfer. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 6)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The PSU also incorporates a fan to expel warm air from the system. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Modern motherboards have temperature sensors that provide warning of overheating before damage can occur. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 6)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Very high performance or overclocked systems or systems designed for quiet operation may require more sophisticated cooling systems, such as liquid cooling. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 8)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Cooling systems that work without electricity are described as passive; those requiring a power source are classed as active. \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 10: System Components (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Core Processor Series & The latest generation of Intel processors. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The Core, Core 2, and Core iX CPUs were developed from the Pentium M architecture and have taken on the position of Intel's premium processor for both desktop and mobile platforms, replacing the long-standing Pentium brand. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 12)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
CPU (Central Processing Unit) & The principal microprocessor in a computer or smartphone responsible for running operating system and applications software. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 7)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{white}
DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM) & Standard for SDRAM where data is transferred twice per clock cycle (making the maximum data rate {[}64+64{]} x the bus speed in bps) \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 7)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & DDR2/DDR3 SDRAM uses lower voltage chips and higher bus speeds. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 10: System Components (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module) & Dual in-line memory modules are the standard packaging for system memory. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{white}
 & There are different pin configurations for different RAM types (SDRAM {[}168{]}, DDR SDRAM {[}184{]}, and DDR2/3 SDRAM {[}240{]}). \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 6)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
DRAM (Dynamic RAM) & Dynamic RAM is a type of volatile memory that stores data in the form of electronic charges within transistors. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 6)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Due to the effects of leakage and the subsequent loss of electrical charge, DRAM has to be refreshed at regular intervals. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Memory refreshing can be performed when the data bits are accessed regularly, but this periodic access slows down the operation of this memory type. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 10: System Components (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Standard DRAM is the lowest common denominator of the DRAM types. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 44
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Modern PCs use a DRAM derivative to store data (currently DDR2/3 SDRAM). \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 45
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Dual Core & CPU design that puts two chips onto the same package; a cheap means of providing SMP. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 46
\SetRowColor{white}
FSB (Frontside Bus) & The bus between the CPU and the memory controller (system RAM). \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 47
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Intel & Intel processors were used in the first IBM PCs and the company's CPUs and chipsets continue to dominate the PC and laptop market. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 7)
% Row 48
\SetRowColor{white}
Liquid Cooling System & Using water piped around the PC and heatsinks for cooling. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 49
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & This is more efficient and allows for fewer fans and less noise. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 10: System Components (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 50
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Motherboard & The computer motherboard, also called the system board, provides the basic foundation for all of the computer's hardware including the processor, RAM, BIOS, and expansion cards. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 51
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Several motherboard standards are available each with a different layout and associated advantages. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
% Row 52
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Multiprocessing & Multiprocessing can be used in systems where two or more processors are used on a single motherboard. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 53
\SetRowColor{white}
 & This can allow operations to be shared thereby increasing performance. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
% Row 54
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & In order to use multiprocessing arrangements, the PC must have a compatible motherboard, an operating system that is able to use multiple processors, and well-written software that does not intensively use one processor above another. \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 12)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 10: System Components (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 55
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Business and professional editions of Windows support a type of multiprocessing called Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) with a maximum of 2 CPUs. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 56
\SetRowColor{white}
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) Bus & The PCI bus was introduced in 1995 with the Pentium processor. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 57
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & It connects the CPU, memory, and peripherals to a 32-bit working at 33 MHz. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 58
\SetRowColor{white}
 & PCI supports bus mastering, IRQ steering, and Plug-and-Play. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 59
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Later versions defined 64-bit operation and 66 MHz clock but were not widely adopted on desktop PCs. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 5)
% Row 60
\SetRowColor{white}
PCI Express (PCIe) & PCI Express (PCIe) is the latest expansion bus standard. PCI Express is serial with point-to-point connections. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 10: System Components (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 61
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Each device on the bus can create a point-to-point link with the I/O controller or another device. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 62
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The link comprises one or more lanes (x1, x2, x4, x8, x12, x16, or x32) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 63
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Each lane supports a full-duplex transfer rate of 250 MBps (v1.0), 500 MBps (v2.0), or 1 GBps (v3.0) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
% Row 64
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The standard is software compatible with PCI, allowing for motherboards with both types of connector. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 65
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Pentium Processor Series & Previously Intel's premium CPU brand, now re-positioned as a chip for reliable "always-on, always-available" systems. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 6)
% Row 66
\SetRowColor{white}
RAM (Random Access Memory) & Random Access Memory is the principal storage space for computer data and program instructions. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 10: System Components (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 67
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & RAM is generally described as being volatile in the sense that once power has been removed or the computer has been rebooted, data is lost. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 68
\SetRowColor{white}
SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) & Synchronous DRAM is a variant on the DRAM chip designed to run at the speed of the system clock thus accelerating the periodic refresh cycle times. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 8)
% Row 69
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & SDRAM can run at much higher clock speeds than previous types of DRAM \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
% Row 70
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Basic SDRAM is now obsolete and has been replaced by DDR/DDR2/3 SDRAM. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 11: Using Device Interfaces}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) & The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers was formed as a professional body to oversee the development and registration of electronic standards \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Examples of IEEE standards include the 802 protocols that describe the function and architecture of different network technologies. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Bluetooth & Short-range radio-based technology, working at up to 10m (30 feet) at up to 1 Mbps used to connect peripherals (such as mice, keyboards, and printers) and for communication between two devices (such as a laptop and smartphone). \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 12)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The advantage of radio-based signals is that devices do not need line-of-sight, though the signals can still be blocked by thick walls and metal and can suffer from interference from other radio sources operating at the same frequency (2.4 GHz) \tn 
% Row Count 40 (+ 13)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 11: Using Device Interfaces (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is designed for small battery-powered devices that transmit small amounts of data infrequently \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & BLE is not \seqsplit{backwards-compatible} with "classic" Bluetooth though a device can support both standards simultaneously. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 6)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Fax & Transferring an image of a document over a telephone line. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Faxing is generally accomplished between two fax modems, often incorporated into Multifunction Devices or PC equipment. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 6)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Firewire (IEEE 1394 Standard) & Firewire is the brand name for the IEEE standard 1394. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & This serial SCSI bus standard supports high data rates (up to 400 Mbps) and this in turn, makes it attractive for applications requiring intensive data transfer (such as video cameras, satellite receivers, and digital media players). \tn 
% Row Count 37 (+ 12)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 11: Using Device Interfaces (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Fn (Function) Keys & Special command key combos on laptop keyboards for adjusting display output, volume, disabling wireless radio, and so on. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) & High-specification digital connector for audio-video equipment. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Hot Swappable & A device that can be added or removed without having to restart the operating system. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
I/O (Input/Output) Ports & An input-output port essentially describes a device connection through which data can be sent and received. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 6)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Keyboard & The oldest PC input device and still fundamental to operating a computer. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 4)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Desktop keyboards can have PS/2, USB, or wireless (IrDA or Bluetooth) interfaces. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 11: Using Device Interfaces (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & There are many different designs and layouts for different countries. Some keyboards feature special keys. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
Mouse & The essential device to implement a WIMP GUI, a mouse simply controls the movement of a cursor that can be used to select objects from the screen. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 8)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & All Windows mice feature two click buttons, which are configured to perform different actions. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 5)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Many mice also feature a scroll wheel. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & A mouse can be interfaced using a PS/2, USB, or wireless (IrDA or Bluetooth) port. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 5)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
Lightning & Proprietary connector and interface for Apple devices. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Plug-and-Play (PnP) & A Plug-and-Play system (comprising a compatible BIOS, operating system, and hardware) is self-configuring. \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 11: Using Device Interfaces (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & When a hardware device is added or removed, the operating system detects the change and automatically installs the appropriate drivers \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
PS/2 Connector & A port for attaching a keyboard and mouse to a desktop computer, now largely replaced by USB. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
RCA Connector & Good quality connector with a distinctive collar or ring used for a variety of Audio/Visual (A/V) functions and equipment. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 7)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The connector is named after its developer (Radio Corporation of America) but the socket is also referred to as a phono plug. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 7)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Resolution & A digital image is made up of many thousands of picture elements (pixels). \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 11: Using Device Interfaces (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Resolution describes the number of dots that an imaging device can use to sample or display the image, measured in pixels per inch (ppi); the higher the resolution, the better the quality. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{white}
 & On a digital printer, the resolution is the number of toner or ink dots that the print engine can put on paper (measured in dots per inch {[}dpi{]}). \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 8)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Note that sometimes dpi is used interchangeably with ppi to describe scanner or monitor resolution, but image pixels and printer dots are not equivalent, as multiple print dots are required to represent a single image pixel accurately. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 12)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 11: Using Device Interfaces (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) & A chip allowing data to be read wirelessly. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
 & RFID tags are used in barcodes and smart cards. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
RJ (Registered Jack) Connector & Connector used for twisted pair cabling. 4-pair network cabling uses the larger RJ-45 connector. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Modem/telephone 2=pair cabling uses the RJ-11 connector. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Stylus & A digitizer usually also employs a stylus as a pointing device (rather than using a finger), often as a drawing tool. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{white}
Thunderbolt & The Thunderbolt (TB) interface was developed by Intel and is primarily used on Apple workstations and laptops. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 6)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Thunderbolt can be used as a display interface (like DisplayPort) and as a general peripheral interface (like USB 3). \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 11: Using Device Interfaces (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Touchpad & Input device used on most laptops to replace the mouse. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The touchpad allows the user to control the cursor by moving a finger over the pad's surface. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & There are usually buttons too but the pad may also recognize "tap" events and have scroll areas. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{white}
USB (Universal Serial Bus) & USB permits the connection of up to 127 different peripherals. A larger Type A connector attaches to a port on the host; Type B and Mini- or Micro- Type B connectors are used for devices. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 10)
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & USB 1.1 supports 12 Mbps while USB 2.0 supports 480 Mbps and is backward compatible with 1.1 devices (which run at the slower speed). \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 11: Using Device Interfaces (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & USB devices are hot swappable. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 44
\SetRowColor{white}
 & A device can draw up to 2.5W power. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 45
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & USB 3.0 defines a 4.8 Gbps SuperSpeed rate and can deliver 4.5W power. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 46
\SetRowColor{white}
VGA (Video Graphics Array) Connector & A 15-pin HD connector has been used to connect the graphics adapter to a monitor since 1987. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 47
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The use of digital flat-panel displays rather than CRTs means that as an analog connector, it is fast becoming obsolete. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 6)
% Row 48
\SetRowColor{white}
Video Card & Provides the interface between the graphics components of the computer and the display device. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 5)
% Row 49
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & A number of connectors may be provided for the display, including VGA, DVI, and HDMI. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
% Row 50
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Graphics adapters receive information from the microprocessor and store this data in video RAM. \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 11: Using Device Interfaces (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 51
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & An adapter may support both analog and digital outputs or analog/digital only (as most LCDs use digital inputs the use of analog outputs is declining). \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 52
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Most adapters come with their own processor (Graphics Processing Unit {[}GPU{]}) and onboard memory. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 53
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Video Standards & Video standards define the resolution and color depth for a graphics adapter and computer display. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 5)
% Row 54
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Early standards defined monochrome, low resolution displays. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 55
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The VGA standard defined a standard graphics mode of 640x480 in 16 colors. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
% Row 56
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Super VGA (SVGA) standard defines an extensible series of graphics modes, the default being 800x600 in True Color (24-bit). \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 11: Using Device Interfaces (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 57
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & There are also various XGA standards defining resolutions greater than 1024x768 (SXGA, UXGA), some of which are widescreen formats (WSXGA+, WUXGA). \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 12: Using Peripheral Devices}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Audio Card & Adapter card providing sound playback and recording functionality. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Audio Port & A number of different audio ports exist on modern computer motherboards or on specialist sound cards. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Commonly audio ports may be marked as: audio out, audio in, speaker out, microphone input/mic, and headphones. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor & A CRT receives an analog signal from the graphics adapter and forms a color image on the screen by illuminating red, green, and blue dots (triads), The screen size is the diagonal distance across the face of the CRT, though part of this area may be obscured by the case, making the viewable area considerably less than the quoted screen size. \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 18)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 12: Using Peripheral Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & CRTs are no longer mass-manufactured and modern systems use LCD panels. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Device Driver & A small piece of code that is loaded during the boot sequence of an operating system. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & This code, usually provided by the hardware vendor, provides access to a device, or hardware, from the OS kernel. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 6)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Under Windows, a signing system is in place for drivers to ensure that they do not make the OS unstable. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 6)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Device Manager & Primary interface for configuring and managing hardware devices in Windows. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Device Manager enables the administrator to disable and remove devices, view hardware properties and system resources, and update device drivers. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 12: Using Peripheral Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Digital Camera (Digicam) & A version of a 35mm film camera where the film is replaced by light-sensitive diodes (an array of CCDs {[}Charge Coupled Devices{]}) and electronic storage media (typically a flash memory card). \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The sensitivity of the array determines the maximum resolution of the image, typically 5 megapixels (2560x1920) or better. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 7)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & A digital camera can be connected to a computer via a USB or Firewire port. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
DisplayPort & Digital A/V interface developed by VESA. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & DisplayPort supports some cross-compatibility with DVI and HDMI devices. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
DVI (Digital Video Interface) & Video adapter designed to replace the VGA port used by CRT monitors. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 12: Using Peripheral Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The DVI interface supports digital only or digital and analog signaling. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
Flatbed Scanner & A type of scanner where the object is placed on a glass faceplate and the scan head moved underneath it. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 6)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Fuser & Assembly that fixes toner to media. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
 & This is typically a combination of a heat and pressure roller, though non-contact flash fusing using xenon lamps is found on some high-end printers. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 8)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Ink Dispersion Printer & Better known as inkjets, this is a type of printer where colored ink is sprayed onto the paper using microscopic nozzles in the print head. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 7)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
 & There are two main types of ink dispersion system: thermal shock (heating the ink to form a bubble that bursts through the nozzles) and piezoelectric (using a tiny element that changes shape to act as a pump). \tn 
% Row Count 38 (+ 11)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 12: Using Peripheral Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Laser Printer & A type of printer that develops an image on a drum using electrical charges to attract special toner then applying it to paper. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The toner is then fixed to the paper using a high-heat and pressure roller (fuser). \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The process can be used with black toner only or four color toner cartridges (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black) to create full-color prints. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 7)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Monochrome laser printers are the "workhorses" of office printing solutions. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Panel & A display technology where the image is made up of liquid crystal cells controlled using electrical charges. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 6)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Modern active matrix displays produce high quality images. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 12: Using Peripheral Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & LCD panels are used on portable computers and (as prices have fallen) are popular with desktop systems too, as they take up much less desk space than CRTs. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The main problem with LCDs is that they are not good at displaying an image at any resolution other than the native resolution of the display. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 8)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Multimedia & Multimedia refers to PC components that can playback and record sound and video (or to sound and video files). \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 6)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{white}
 & There are numerous sound and video file formats, including legacy Windows-specific formats such as WAV (for audio) or AVI (for video and audio). \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 12: Using Peripheral Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The preferred file format for Windows Media Player is ASF (Advanced Systems Format), which is usually compressed (WMA or WMV) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Other file formats include those used for Apple's QuickTime player (MOV and QT), Apple's iTunes format (AIFF), and RealNetworks player (RA or RAM). \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 8)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The most popular standards-based format is MPEG. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{white}
Network Adapter (NIC {[}Network Interface Card{]}) & The network adapter allows a physical connection between the host and the transmission media \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 5)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & A NIC can address other cards and can recognize data that is destined for it, using a unique address known as the Media Access Control (MAC) address \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 12: Using Peripheral Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The card also performs error checking. Network cards are designed for specific types of networks and do not work on different network products. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Different adapters may also support different connection speeds and connector types. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
NFC (Nearfield Communications) & Standard for peer-to-peer (2-way) radio communications over very short (around 4") distances, facilitating contactless payment and similar technologies. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 8)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{white}
 & NFC is based on RFID. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
OCR (Optical Character Recognition) & Software that can identify the shapes of characters and digits to convert them from printed images to electronic data files that can be modified in a word processing program. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 12: Using Peripheral Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR) is an advanced type of OCR, focusing on handwritten text. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{white}
Printer & "Printer" is often used to mean "print device" but also refers to a term used to describe the software components of a printing solution. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 7)
% Row 44
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The printer is the object that Windows sends output to. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 45
\SetRowColor{white}
 & It consists of a spool directory, a printer driver, and configuration information. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 46
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Projector & Large format display technology. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 47
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Projectors can use CRT or LCD mechanisms but the market-leading technology is generally considered to be DLP. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 6)
% Row 48
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Scanner & A type of photocopier that can convert the image of a physical object into an electronic data file. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 12: Using Peripheral Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 49
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The two main components of a scanner are the lamp, which illuminates the object, and the recording device, an array of CCDs (Charge Coupled Devices). \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 50
\SetRowColor{white}
 & There are flatbed and sheet-fed versions, with sheet-fed versions typically being incorporated with a printer and fax machine into a multifunction device. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 8)
% Row 51
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Scanners can output images directly to a printer or to a suitable file format (such as JPEG, PNG, or TIFF). \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 6)
% Row 52
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Scanners can also interface with applications software using one of several interfaces (TWAIN, WIA, SANE, or ISIS). \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 6)
% Row 53
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Test Page & When a printer is installed or reconfigured, the installer should print a test page to verify functionality. \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 12: Using Peripheral Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 54
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
TFT (Thin Film Transistor) Active Matrix Display & The TFT display provides the best resolution of all of the currently available flat-panel Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) designs, although they are also the most expensive. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 55
\SetRowColor{white}
 & TFT displays offer very high image clarity, contrast ratios of between 150:1 to 200:1, fast refresh rates, and wide viewing angles. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 7)
% Row 56
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Toner & Specially formulated compound to impart dye to paper through an electrographic process (used by laser printers and photocopiers). \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
% Row 57
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The key properties of toner are the colorant (dye), ability to fuse (wax or plastic), and ability to hold a charge \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 6)
% Row 58
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & There are three main types of toner, distinguished by the mechanism of applying the toner to the developer roller: dual component (where the toner is mixed with a separate magnetic developer), mono-component (where the toner itself is magnetic), and non-magnetic mono-component (where the toner is transferred using static properties). \tn 
% Row Count 46 (+ 17)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 12: Using Peripheral Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 59
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Touchscreen & Back of Flashcard	24 of 27 A display screen that is responsive to touch input \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 60
\SetRowColor{white}
TWAIN & Standard "driver" model for interfacing scanner hardware with applications software. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
% Row 61
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Webcam & A webcam can be used to record video \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 62
\SetRowColor{white}
 & There are many types, from devices built into laptops to standalone units. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 63
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & While early devices were only capable of low resolutions, most webcams are now HD-capable. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 64
\SetRowColor{white}
WIA (Windows Image Acquisition) & Driver model and API (Application Programming Interface) for interfacing scanner hardware with applications software on Windows PCs. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 13: Using Storage Devices}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ATA & Parallel ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) was the main disk interface for PCs \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The interface was very commonly called IDE {[}Integrated Drive Electronics{]} or Enhanced IDE (EIDE) \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Each PATA adapter supports two devices, commonly called master and slave \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & A drive is connected to the bus by a 40-pin ribbon cable. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The PATA interface has been replaced by SATA. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Blu-ray & Latest generation of optical drive technology, with disc capacity of 25 GB per layer. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Transfer rates are measured in multiples of 36 MBps. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
CD-ROM (Compact Disc - Read Only Memory) & CD-ROM disc is an optical storage technology. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 13: Using Storage Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The discs can normally hold 700 MB of data or 80 minutes of audio data \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Recordable and re-writable CDs (and DVDs) are a popular backup solution for home users. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & They are also useful for archiving material. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Unlike magnetic media, the data on the disc cannot be changed (assuming that the disc is closed to prevent further rewriting in the case of RW media). \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 8)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & This makes them useful for preserving tamper-proof records. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
DVD (Digital Video/Versatile Disk) & DVD discs offer higher capacities (4.7 GB per layer) than the preceding CD-ROM format. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 5)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & As with CDs, recordable and re-writable forms of DVD exist, though there are numerous competing formats (notably ±R and ±RW and DVD-RAM). \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 13: Using Storage Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Flash Memory & Flash RAM is similar to a ROM chip in that it retains information even when power is removed, but it adds flexibility in that it can be reprogrammed with new contents quickly. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Flash memory has found a popular role in USB thumb drives and memory cards. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & These tiny cards can provide removable, megabyte or gigabyte storage for devices such as digital cameras. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 6)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Other evolving uses of flash memory are in Solid State Drives (SSD), designed to replicate the function of hard drives, and hybrid drives (standard hard drives with a multi-gigabyte flash memory cache). \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 11)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 13: Using Storage Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
HDD (Hard Disk Drive) & High capacity units typically providing persistent mass storage for a PC (saving data when the computer is turned off). \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Data is stored using platters with a magnetic coating that are spun under disk heads that can read and write to locations on each platter (sectors) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 8)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & A HDD installed within a PC is referred to as the fixed disks. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
 & HDDs are often used with enclosures as portable storage or as Network Attached Storage (NAS). \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 5)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Recordable CD Drives & CD/DVD writers are now mainstream devices, used for data transfer and archiving. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Recordable CDs are available in two general forms: those that can be written to once and read many times (CD-R) and those that can be written to and erased (CD-RW). \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 13: Using Storage Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & CD writers use a laser to disrupt the medium of the disk - either by heating a dye, by altering the magnetic properties of the metal disk, or by changing disc structure through phase-change techniques. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 11)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Media varies in terms of longevity and maximum supported recording speed. DVD also has R and RW formats, both of which feature competing + and - standards. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 8)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & DVD recorders can also perform CD-R/RW recording. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
 & An additional consideration is whether drives and media support dual-layer and/or double-sided recording. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 6)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Blu-ray has recordable (BD-R) and rewritable (BD-RE) formats and supports dual-layer but not double-sided recording. \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 13: Using Storage Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Removable Media & In order to share files and programs, computers can either be connected to each other (across a direct link or via a network) or must be able store and retrieve files from an interim storage medium. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The most common types of removable media are floppy disks and optical discs. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & However the term "removable media" also covers tape drives, high capacity disks, and removable hard drives. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{white}
SATA (Serial ATA) & Standard IDE/ATA uses parallel data transmission. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Serial ATA allows for faster transfer rates and longer, more compact cabling (it features a 7-pin data connector). \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 6)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{white}
 & There are three SATA standards specifying bandwidths of 1.5 Gbps, 3 Gbps, and 6 Gbps respectively. \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 13: Using Storage Devices (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & SATA drives also use a new 15-pin power connector, though adapters for the old style 4-pin Molex connectors are available. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{white}
 & External drives are also supported via the eSATA interface. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
SD (Secure Digital) Card & One of the first types of flash memory card. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{white}
Thumb Drive & A flash memory card with USB adapter. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
WORM (Write Once, Read Many) Drive & A WORM drive is able to write data to a recordable CD disc only once, although the data can be read many times. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.1169 cm} x{9.1531 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 14: Using File Systems}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
8.3 Filenames & The DOS file naming standard - an eight-character ASCII name followed by a three-character file extension (which identifies the file type). \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Windows supports long file names but can also generate a short file name, based on DOS 8.3 naming rules. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & This provides backwards compatibility for older applications. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Partition & A discrete area of storage defined on a hard disk using either the Master Boot Record (MBR) scheme or the GUID Partition Table (GPT) scheme. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Each partition can be formatted with a different file system, and a partition can be marked as active (made bootable). \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Boot Partition & In Microsoft terminology, the partition that contains the operating system (that is, the \textbackslash{}WINDOWS folder) is referred to as the boot partition. \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.1169 cm} x{9.1531 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 14: Using File Systems (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & This is typically a different partition to the system partition (the partition containing the boot files). \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Compression Software & To send or store a file it often needs to be compressed in some way, to reduce the amount of space it takes up on the storage media or the bandwidth required to send it over a network. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 9)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & There are a number of compression utilities and formats. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Directory & A file system object used to organize files. Directories can be created on any drive (the directory for the drive itself is called the root) and within other directories (subdirectory). \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 9)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Different file systems put limits on the number of files or directories that can be created on the root or the number of subdirectory levels \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.1169 cm} x{9.1531 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 14: Using File Systems (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & In Windows, directories are usually referred to as folders. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
FAT (File Allocation Table) & When a disk is formatted using the FAT or FAT32 file system a File Allocation Table (FAT) is written in a particular track or sector. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 7)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The FAT contains information relating to the position of file data chunks on the disk; data is not always written to one area of the disk but may be spread over several tracks. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 9)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The original 16-bit version (FAT16, but often simply called FAT) was replaced by a 32-bit version that is almost universally supported by different operating systems and devices. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 9)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & A 64-bit version (exFAT) was introduced with Windows 7 and is also supported by XP SP3 and Vista SP1 and some versions of Linux and OS X. \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.1169 cm} x{9.1531 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 14: Using File Systems (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
File & Data used by a computer is stored by saving it as a file on a disk. Files store either plain text data or binary data. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Binary data must only be modified in a suitable application or the file will be corrupted. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & A file is created by specifying a name. Naming rules depend on the version of Windows and the file system \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Files usually have a three character extension (the last 3 characters in the file named preceded by a period). \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 6)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The file extension is used to associate the file with a particular software application. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 5)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Files have primary attributes (Read-Only, System, Hidden, and Archive) and other properties (date created or modified for instance). \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.1169 cm} x{9.1531 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 14: Using File Systems (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Files stored on an NTFS partition can have extended attributes (access control, compression, and encryption). \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
File System & When data is stored on a disk, it is located on that medium in a particular, standardized format. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & This allows the drive and the computer to be able to extract the information from the disk using similar functions and thus data can be accessed in a predictable manner. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 9)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Examples of file systems include FAT16, FAT32, and NTFS (all used for hard disks) and CDFS (ISO 9660) and UDF (Universal Disk Format), used for optical media such as CD, DVD, and Blu-ray. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 9)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Libraries & Virtual folder feature introduced in Windows 7 as a wrapper for multiple folder locations (which can be local or network) that store files that are part of the same logical "collection." \tn 
% Row Count 38 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.1169 cm} x{9.1531 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 14: Using File Systems (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The system is installed with default libraries for documents, pictures, and music and the user can add locations to these or create new libraries. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
Long File Names & A 255 character Unicode name that can contain spaces and multiple periods. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
MPEG & Moving Pictures Expert Group is an ISO standards committee for audio and video compression and playback \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
 & There have been numerous MPEG standards over the years \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & From MPEG-1, the mp3 audio compression format remains very popular. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
 & MPEG-2 is widely used for file and broadcast delivery. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & MPEG-4 (or MP4) extends the MPEG-2 specification, notably providing support for Digital Rights Management (DRM), which enables playback to be tied to particular hardware devices. \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.1169 cm} x{9.1531 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 14: Using File Systems (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
NTFS (New Technology Filing System) & The NT File System supports a 64-bit address space and is able to provide extra features such as file-by-file compression and RAID support as well as advanced file attribute management tools, encryption, and disk quotas. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 11)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{white}
PDF (Portable Document Format) & Adobe's Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format for distributing documents \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & PDF was envisioned as a "final" format for the distribution of a published document. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{white}
Permissions & To access files and folders on a volume, the administrator of the computer will need to grant file permissions to the user (or a group to which the user belongs). \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 8)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & File permissions are supported by NTFS-based Windows systems. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.1169 cm} x{9.1531 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson 14: Using File Systems (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Recycle Bin & When files are deleted from a local hard disk, they are stored in the recycle bin. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{white}
 & They can be recovered from here if so desired. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
UDF (Universal Disk Format) & File system used for optical media, replacing CDFS (ISO 9660). \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}



\end{document}