\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{baker\_fam} \pdfinfo{ /Title (economics-globalisation-and-business.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (baker\_fam) /Subject (Economics - Globalisation and Business Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{3322A3} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F2F1F9} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Economics - Globalisation and Business Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{baker\_fam} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/203284/cs/43281/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}baker\_fam \\ \uline{cheatography.com/baker-fam} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 27th May, 2024.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{2} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Globalisation Definition}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The process of international integration from the interchange of products, ideas, and other aspects of culture.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{building a worldwide network of communication, transportation, and trade.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The way countries and people of the world interact and integrate} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{History (Past) of Globalisation}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Early example of globalisation is {\bf{Silk Road}} when trade routes were connected across {\bf{Asia, Europe and Africa}}.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The {\bf{Industrial Revolution}} further progresses globalisations in the {\bf{18th and 19th century}}.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Formation of {\bf{international organisations}} e.g., United Nations, helped further increase globalisation} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Multinational Corporation - MNC}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{A multinational corporation has business offices and operations in two or more countries.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{It generates revenue outside of its home country} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{These companies are often managed from a central office headquartered in the home country.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Example of an MNC}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The East India Company, established in 1600 was an early multinational corporation.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{McDonalds is a decentralised Multinational Corporation - Each franchisee globally operates as an individual owner} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Why become an MNC?}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{To {\bf{increase profits and growth}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Increase global {\bf{customer base and increase market share}}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Global {\bf{exposure}}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Companies can benefit form {\bf{tax structures or laws}} in other countries} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key features of an MNC}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Global business presence} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Business conducted in {\bf{various languages}}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{More {\bf{complex business models}}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Jobs created}} in foreign countries} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Pays {\bf{taxes}} in other countries} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.84 cm} x{6.16 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Market definitions}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} market & The area of economic activity in which buyers and sellers come together and the forces of supply and demand affect prices. \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Bond market & The bond market offers opportunities for companies and the government to secure money to finance a project or investment. \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 5) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Stock market & The stock market trades shares of ownership of public companies. \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Market Price definition}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{At the market price, quantity demanded by consumers should equal the quantity supplied by producers} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Market Price and Quantity}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The {\bf{market Price}} and {\bf{market quantity}} are found where the demand and supply lines {\bf{intersect}} on a supply and demand graph} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.4 cm} x{5.6 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Different sectors of the economy}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Household sector & They provide their time and skills or {\bf{labour}} (a resource) to Firms in exchange for {\bf{income (wages)}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Financial sector & They receive {\bf{savings}} from households and firms \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Government sector & They receive {\bf{taxation}} revenue from households and firms in the form of income tax and company tax \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Financial records}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} What financial imformation do businesses need to make decisions & {\bf{ The balance sheet }} provides valuable information about your business' liquidity, financial stability, and capital structure. Analysing your balance sheet will help you assess your business' ability to meet its short-term and long-term obligations and evaluate its overall financial position. \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 15) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} How do businesses use financial information to make decisions. & The financial position of a business is crucial to all decisions that it makes. Using financial information, a business should be able to identify what options it can afford when making decisions. This financial data can be used to forecast how decisions might affect the business' cash flow. \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 15) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.2 cm} x{4.8 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Globalisation}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Economic Globalisation}} & How countries work and trade together as one {\bf{big global economy}}, making {\bf{international trade}} easier. \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Political Globalisation}} & How institutions and countries can influence the whole world. the {\bf{United Nations}} is an example of a globalised institution. \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 6) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Cultural Globalisation}} & How cultures across the world intersect and act in a similar way. \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Digital Globalisation}} & How nations share {\bf{data, information and knowledge}} of {\bf{digital platforms}}. \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalisation}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Advantages}} & {\bf{Disadvantages}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Opportunities to do business with other countries & Struggle to keep up with competition \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Reduced costs in manufacturing and trade & Closure of local businesses because of global competitors \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Increase in trade and employment & Loss of employment \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Access to new technologies and products & Complex international trading laws \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Exposure to new cultural experiences} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.04 cm} x{4.96 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Multinational Corporations}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Decentralised Corporation & Has an {\bf{office in home country}} and other offices that {\bf{operate individually globally}}. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Centralised Corporation & Has a {\bf{central headquarters in home country}} and offices that {\bf{report to the head office}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Supply and Demand - Demand Defintion}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The {\bf{amount of a good or service}} a {\bf{consumer is willing and able}} to {\bf{buy}} at different prices.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.16 cm} x{5.84 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Supply and Demand definitions}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Supply Schedule & A table that summarizes supply \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Demand Schedule & A table that summarises demand \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Profit & Income produces get for goods and services, less their business expenses \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Supply - Producer}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{How much a good or service a {\bf{producer}} is {\bf{willing or able}} to {\bf{sell}} at different} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Demand Schedule}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Summaries the quantity demanded of an item by price} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Orders the quantity demanded on an item by price, lowest to highset} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Helps with market research} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Consumer - Demand vs Affordability}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{A consumer will buy less of a product when it becomes more expensive} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{A consumer must be willing and able to buy a product} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{A consumer must be able to afford a product} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The demand in a product might go down, if a consumer can find a cheaper product} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Circular flow model definition}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Households and firms rely on one another as they exchange labour for income and goods and services for payments for those goods and services.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is an income statement}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{An income statement is a financial statement that shows you the company's income and expenditures. It also shows whether a company is making profit or loss for a given period. The income statement, along with balance sheet and cash flow statement, helps you understand the financial health of your business.} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 7) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{How do businesses use a income statement}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{An income statement helps business owners decide whether they can generate profit by increasing revenues, by decreasing costs, or both. It also shows the effectiveness of the strategies that the business set at the beginning of a financial period.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.96 cm} x{5.04 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Balance sheet}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} What is a balance sheet & The term balance sheet refers to a financial statement that reports a company's assets, liabilities, and shareholder equity at a specific point in time. Balance sheets provide the basis for computing rates of return for investors and evaluating a company's capital structure. \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 11) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}