\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Ouday99 (BaibenOuday)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (a1-a2-german-complete-guide.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Ouday99 (BaibenOuday))
  /Subject (A1-A2 German Complete Guide Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A34F0F}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F9F4F0}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{A1-A2 German Complete Guide Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Ouday99 (BaibenOuday)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/216685/cs/47410/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Ouday99 (BaibenOuday) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/baibenouday} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 3rd December, 2025.\\
   Updated 3rd December, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Definite Articles}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Case}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Mascu}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Femi}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Neut}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Plural}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.05965 cm} x{1.19002 cm} x{1.32733 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Sein}} + {\bf{Haben}} (Present)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{P.pronouns}} & {\bf{Sein}} & {\bf{Haben}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ich}} & bin & habe \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{du}} & bist & hast \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{er/sie/es}} & ist & hat \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{wir}} & sind & haben \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ihr}} & seid & habt \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{sie/Sie}} & sind & haben \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.88666 cm} x{2.09034 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Present Tense}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{P.pronouns}} & {\bf{Ending}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ich}} & -e \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{du}} & -st \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{er/sie/es}} & -t \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{wir}} & -en \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ihr}} & -t \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{sie/Sie}} & -en \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}$ If a verb stem ends in {\bf{-s, -ss, -{\ss}, -x, -z}}, the {\bf{du}} ending only gets a {\bf{-t}}.  \newline {\bf{Example: }} \newline tanzen→ {\bf{du tanzt}}✅, not du tanzst❌). \newline $\filledsquare{}$ If a verb stem ends in {\bf{-d, -t, -m, -n}}, an extra {\bf{-e-}} is added before the -st {\bf{(du)}} and {\bf{-t }} {\bf{(er/ihr)}} endings. \newline {\bf{Example: }} \newline arbeiten→ {\bf{du arbeitest}}✅, {\bf{er arbeitet}}✅).}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.84149 cm} x{3.13551 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Question Tools}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{German}} & {\bf{English}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Wie & How \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Was & What \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Wer & Who \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Wann & When \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Warum & Why \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Wo & Where \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Woher & Where from \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Wohin & Where to \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Wieviel & How much/How many \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.96117 cm} x{2.65466 cm} x{0.96117 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Numbers + Date}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Number}} & {\bf{German}} & {\bf{Date}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{0}} & null & {\bf{ }} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{1}} & eins & erste \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{2}} & zwei & zweite \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{3}} & drei & dritte \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{4}} & vier & vierte \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{5}} & fünf & fünfte \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{6}} & sechs & sechste \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{7}} & sieben & siebte \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{8}} & acht & achte \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{9}} & neun & neunte \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{10}} & zehn & zehnte \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{11}} & elf & elfte \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{12}} & zw{\"o}lf & zw{\"o}lfte \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{30}} & drei{\ss}ig & drei{\ss}igte \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{40}} & vierzig &  \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{47}} & siebenundvierzig &  \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{100}} & (ein)hundert &  \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{101}} & (ein)hunderteins &  \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{125}} & \seqsplit{(ein)hundertfünfundzwanzig} &  \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{1000}} & (ein)tausend &  \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{1001}} & tausendeins &  \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{1500}} & tausendfünfhundert &  \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{16: }} sechzehn (note the missing 's'). \newline {\bf{17: }}  siebzehn (note the missing 'en') \newline $\filledsquare{}${\bf{13 to 19: }} you simply add -zehn to the base number: {\bf{14}} →{\bf{vierzehn}} (note the missing 's'). \newline $\filledsquare{}${\bf{Tens (20, 30..): }}Tens typically end in -zig \newline $\filledsquare{}${\bf{Numbers 21 to 99: }}you say the ones digit first, then "und," then the tens digit.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.88666 cm} x{2.09034 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Colors}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{German}} & {\bf{English}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Rot}} & Red \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Blau}} & Bleu \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Grün}} & Green \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Gelb}} & Yellow \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Schwarz}} & Black \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{wei{\ss}}} & White \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Grau}} & Grey \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Braun}} & Brown \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Rosa}} & Pink \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Lila/Violet}} & Purple \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Orange}} & Orange \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Helblau}} & Light Blue \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Dunkelgrün}} & Dark Green \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{German Pronouns}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Nom}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{ich} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{du} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{er} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{sie} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{es} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{wir} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{ihr} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{sie (Plur)} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Sie} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.51041 cm} x{1.32733 cm} x{1.73926 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Gender of nouns}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Masc}} & {\bf{Femin}} & {\bf{Neut}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
-er & -e & -chen \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-en & -heit & -lein \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
-el & -keit & -ment \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-ig & -ung & -um \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
-ling & -schaft & -tum \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-ismus & -ion & -ma \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
-ist & -t{\"a}t & -ium \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-or & -ik & -o \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
-ant & -ur & -sel \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-us & -ie & -tel \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
-eur & -enz & Young Humans \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Days & -anz & Young Animals \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
Months & -ei & Metals \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Seasons & Flowers & Hotels, Cafés \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
Compass Points & Trees & Restaurants \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cars,Trains & \seqsplit{Motorcycles} & Countries \& Cities \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
Celestial Bodies & Alphab Letters & Scientifict Terms \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}$ Exceptions exist for many words; memorization and context are necessary. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ Rivers → masculine in Germany; feminine abroad. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ Most metals, chemical elements, and languages → neuter. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ Celestial bodies → mostly masculine, exceptions like die Sonne, die Erde \newline $\filledsquare{}$ Infinitives as nouns (das Lesen = "the act of reading" and more...) These are always neuter}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{"nicht" Usage}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Condition}} & {\bf{Placement}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ {\emph{Negating a:}} }} & {\bf{ }} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Verb & End of sentence \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Entire sentence & End of sentence \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Adjectives & Before the adjective \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Adverbs & Before the adverbs \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Definite nouns & Before the article \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Indefinite nouns & Use {\bf{kein}} instead \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Prepositional phrases & Before the prepositional phrase \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Modal verbs & Before the infinitive verb \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Modal verb alone & After the modal verb \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Comparisons & before the adjective/adverb \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Separable verbs & Before the separable prefix. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
Perfekt tense & Before the past participle. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}$ Negative a modal verb alone (no infinitive) : After the modal verb  \newline {\bf{Example:}} Ich darf {\bf{nicht}}. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ "Doch" is used to contradict a negative statement or question.  \newline {\bf{Example:}} Du kommst nicht? → „{\bf{Doch!}} ich komme. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ "Sondern" is used to contradict the first part of a negative sentence and introduce the correct alternative. Must follow a negation (nicht/kein) in the first clause.  \newline {\bf{Example:}} Ich trinke {\bf{nicht}} Kaffee, {\bf{sondern}} Tee.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Accusative Prepositions}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Preposition}} & {\bf{English}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
durch & through \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ohne & without \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
gegen & against \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
für & for \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
um & around / at \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
bis & until / as far as \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
wider & against \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.23965 cm} x{2.73735 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Dative Prepositions}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Preposition}} & {\bf{English}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
aus & from / out of \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
bei & at / near / with \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
mit & with \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
nach & after / to \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
seit & since / for (time) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
von & from / of \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
zu & to \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
au{\ss}er & except \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
gegenüber & opposite \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
entsprechend & according to \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
entgegen & against / towards \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
gëma{\ss} & according to \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{use for :}} \newline  {\bf{aus: }}country/city, movement out of an enclosed space (room, box), material something is made of.	 \newline {\bf{von: }} person, organization, possession, a starting location (station, park).	 \newline {\bf{nach: }} geographical destinations (countries, cities), movement home, or in time expressions ("after").	 \newline {\bf{zu: }}destinations involving people, specific buildings that you enter, or fixed expressions ("at home," "too").}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.78712 cm} x{2.18988 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Two-Way Prepositions}} (acc+dat)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Preposition}} & {\bf{English}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
an & on / at \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
auf & on / onto \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
hinter & behind \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
in & into \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
neben & next to \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
über & over / above \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
unter & under \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
vor & in front of \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
zwischen & between \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.14011 cm} x{2.83689 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Genitive Prepositions}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Preposition}} & {\bf{English}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
anstatt / statt & instead of \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
au{\ss}erhalb & outside of \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
innerhalb & inside of \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
trotz & despite \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
w{\"a}hrend & during \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
wegen & because of \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
oberhalb & above \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
unterhalb & below \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
diesseits & on this side of \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
jenseits & on the other side of \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
beiderseits & on both sides of \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
unweit & not far from \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
infolge & as a result of \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
laut & according to \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
mithilfe & with the help of \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
zugunsten & in favor of \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
zwecks & for the purpose of \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
anl{\"a}sslich & on the occasion of \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
kraft & by virtue of \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
mangels & due to a lack of \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.15119 cm} x{0.82386 cm} x{1.60195 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Indefinite words and their negations}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Words}} & {\bf{English}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ {\emph{People:}} }} & {\bf{ }} &  \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Jemand & someone \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \seqsplit{niemand} & no one \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & keiner & nobody \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ {\emph{Things:}} }} & {\bf{ }} &  \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & etwas & something \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & nichts & nothing \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & gar nichts & abosolutely nothing \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & alles & everything \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ {\emph{Places:}} }} & {\bf{ }} &  \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \seqsplit{irgendwo} & somewhere \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \seqsplit{nirgends} & nowhere \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \seqsplit{nirgendwo} & nowhere \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ {\emph{Time:}} }} & {\bf{ }} &  \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
 & immer & always \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & nie & never \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \seqsplit{niemals} & never ever \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ {\emph{Negative expression:}} }} & {\bf{ }} &  \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
 & noch nichts & not yet \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & nicht mehr & no longer/not anymore \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.91894 cm} x{0.91894 cm} x{0.91894 cm} x{1.42018 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Die Starken Verben}} (Present)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pattern}} & {\bf{Example}} & {\bf{du form}} & {\bf{er/sie/es form}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{e→i}} & essen & isst & isst \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{e→ie}} & lesen & liest & liest \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{a→{\"a}}} & fahren & f{\"a}hrst & f{\"a}hrt \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{starke verben}} primarily show their irregularities in the Present Tense through stem-vowel changes, but only in the du and er/sie/es forms.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.60195 cm} p{0.77809 cm} x{2.19696 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Die Uhrzeit}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ }} & {\bf{Time}} & {\bf{German Phrase}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Formal Time:}} & {\bf{  }} & {\bf{ }} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 08:00 & acht Uhr \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 14:15 & vierzehn Uhr fünfzehn \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Informal Time: }}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 07:05 & fünf nach sieben \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 07:50 & zehn vor acht \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 07:15 & Viertel nach sieben \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 07:45 & Viertel vor acht \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 07:30 & halb acht \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 07:00 & Punkt sieben \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}${\bf{Formal Time (24-Hour Clock): }}Simply reads the numbers as they appear, using {\bf{Uhr}} between the hour and minutes. \newline $\filledsquare{}${\bf{Informal Time (12-Hour Clock):}} \newline - Use {\bf{nach }}(after) for minutes 1–29. \newline -Use {\bf{vor}} (before) for minutes 31–59. \newline -Use {\bf{halb}} for "half past," but it refers to the upcoming hour.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.23965 cm} x{2.73735 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Time Question Words: }}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Question Word}}\{\{ac\}\} & {\bf{Meaning}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Wann?}} & When? \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Um wie viel Uhr?}} & At what time? (exactly) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Wie sp{\"a}t?}} & How late? / What time is it? \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Von wann bis wann?}} & From when until when? \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Seit wann?}} & Since when? \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Wie lange?}} & How long? \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Bis wann?}} & Until when? \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Wie oft?}} & How often? \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.23579 cm} x{1.46464 cm} x{1.87657 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Common Adverbs of Time}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Category }} & {\bf{German}} & {\bf{Meaning}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Now :}} & {\bf{ }} &  \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{heute}} & today \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Jetzt}} & now \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{sofort}} & immediately \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{gleich, bald}} & soon \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Future :}} & {\bf{ }} &  \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{morgen}} & tomorrow \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{übermorgen}} & day after tomorrow \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{n{\"a}chste Woche}} & next week \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Past :}} & {\bf{ }} &  \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{gestern}} & yesterday \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{vorgestern}} & day before yesterday \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{letzte Woche}} & last week \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Frequency :}} & {\bf{ }} &  \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{immer}} & always \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{oft}} & often \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{manchmal}} & sometimes \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{nie, niemals}} & never \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Duration :}} & {\bf{ }} &  \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.23579 cm} x{1.46464 cm} x{1.87657 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Common Adverbs of Time}} (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{schon}} & already \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{noch}} & still, yet \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{damals}} & back then, at that time \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.59501 cm} x{2.01388 cm} x{1.96811 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Der imperativ}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pronouns}} & {\bf{Usage}} & {\bf{Rule}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{du}} & Informal singular (one friend/child). & Take the du present tense form, remove -st, and drop the pronoun du. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ihr}} & Informal plural (group of friends/family). & Use the regular ihr present tense form and drop the pronoun ihr. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Sie}} & Formal singular/plural \seqsplit{(stranger/superior)}. & Use the infinitive form, place the pronoun Sie after the verb. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{wir}} & "Let's..." (suggestion including speaker). & Use the infinitive form, place the pronoun wir after the verb. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}$Machen → du machst → {\bf{Mach!}} \newline $\filledsquare{}$Machen → ihr macht → {\bf{Macht!}} \newline $\filledsquare{}$Machen → Sie machen → {\bf{Machen Sie!}} \newline $\filledsquare{}$Machen → wir machen → {\bf{Machen wir!}} \newline $\filledsquare{}$ The rule for forming the negative imperative is : Place {\bf{nicht}} at the very end of the imperative sentence. {\bf{Example: }}Sprich nicht!, 	Kommen Sie nicht!}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.16956 cm} x{1.00248 cm} x{1.00248 cm} x{1.00248 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Modal Verbs 01}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ }} & {\bf{k{\"o}nnen}} & {\bf{müssen}} & {\bf{dürfen}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ich}} & kann & muss & darf \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{du}} & kannst & musst & darfst \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{er/sie/es}} & kann & muss & darf \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{wir}} & k{\"o}nnen & müssen & dürfen \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ihr}} & k{\"o}nnt & müsst & dürft \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{sie/Sie}} & k{\"o}nnen & müssen & dürfen \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}${\bf{k{\"o}nnen : }} can, to be able to {\bf{(Ability, possibility, permission)}} \newline $\filledsquare{}${\bf{müssen : }}	must, to have to {\bf{(Necessity, obligation, requirement)}} \newline $\filledsquare{}${\bf{dürfen : }} may, to be allowed to {\bf{(Permission (formal), prohibition)}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.8308 cm} x{1.3731 cm} x{1.3731 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Modal Verbs 02}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ }} & {\bf{sollen}} & {\bf{wollen}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ich}} & soll & will \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{du}} & sollst & willst \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{er/sie/es}} & soll & will \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{wir}} & sollen & wollen \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ihr}} & sollt & wollt \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{sie/Sie}} & sollen & wollen \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}${\bf{sollen : }}should, ought to {\bf{(Recommendation, moral duty)}} \newline $\filledsquare{}${\bf{wollen : }} want to, to intend to {\bf{(Desire, strong intention, willingness)}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.23579 cm} x{1.69349 cm} x{1.64772 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Separables Verbs}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Sentence}} & {\bf{Rule}} & {\bf{Example}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Main Clause}} & The verb stem in the second position, the prefix to the end. & Ich {\bf{stehe}} jeden Morgen um 7 Uhr {\bf{auf}}. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Subordinate Clause}} & verb and prefix stay together at the end. & Ich bleibe im Bett, weil ich {\bf{ausschlafe}}. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Modal Verbs / Future Tense}} & Verb and prefix stay together as an infinitive at the end. & Ich {\bf{muss}} morgen früh {\bf{aufstehen}}. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Perfekt Tense}} & Auxiliary verb is in position 2, the past participle places ge- between the prefix and the verb stem. & Ich bin früh {\bf{aufgestanden}}. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 8)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Imperativ}} & The conjugated verb is first, the prefix at the end. & {\bf{Steh}} bitte {\bf{auf}}! \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{in the present:}} Conjugate the verb stem normally, the prefix never changes. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{Negative sentence :}} Ich {\bf{stehe}} heute {\bf{nicht auf}}. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{Question sentence :}} Wann {\bf{steht}} du {\bf{auf}} ?}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Common Separable Verb Prefixes}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Prefix}} & {\bf{Meaning}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ab}} & {\bf{off, down, away}} (indicates separation or a downward movement) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{an}} & {\bf{on, at, to}} (indicates contact, connection, or beginning an action) \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{auf}} & {\bf{up, open}} (indicates upward movement, opening, or starting) \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{aus}} & {\bf{out, from}} (indicates exiting, finishing, or turning off) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ein}} & {\bf{in, into}} (indicates entering, joining, or turning on) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{mit}} & {\bf{with, along}} (indicates participation or accompanying someone) \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{vor}} & {\bf{before, forward}} (indicates being in front, introducing, or proposing) \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{zu}} & {\bf{to, shut, closed}} (indicates movement toward something or closing something) \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{fern}} & {\bf{far, distance}} (indicates action done from a distance) \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{zurück}} & {\bf{back, return}} (indicates reversing a movement or returning) \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.28156 cm} x{1.69349 cm} x{1.60195 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Inseparables Verbs}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Sentence}} & {\bf{Rule}} & {\bf{Example}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Main Clause}} & Stay together as one word in the second position. & Ich {\bf{verstehe}} das nicht. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Subordinate Clause}} & The full conjugated verb goes to the end of the clause. & Ich wei{\ss}, dass ich das {\bf{verstehe}}. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Modal Verbs / Future Tense}} & Stay together as  infinitive at the end. & Ich {\bf{will}} das {\bf{verstehen}}. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Perfekt Tense}} & Auxiliary verb in position 2, the past participle is formed without ge- and stays as one word. & Ich {\bf{habe}} das {\bf{verstanden}}. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 7)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Imperative}} & The conjugated verb is first, staying as one word. & {\bf{Versteh(e)}} das! \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}${\bf{in Perfekt  tense : }}normally verbs get {\bf{ge- }} but inseparable verbs takes no extra {\bf{ge- }}. \newline {\bf{Example: }} {\bf{bekommen}} → {\bf{bekommen}}✅ (not {\bf{gebekommen}}❌)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9954 cm} x{3.9816 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Common Inseparable Verb Prefixes}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Prefix}} & {\bf{Meaning}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{be}} & {\bf{On/With/At}} (makes verb take a direct object). \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ver}} & {\bf{Away/Lost/Wrong/Change}} (indicates mistake or transformation). \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ent}} & {\bf{Away from/Removal/Starting}} (indicates opposite action or beginning). \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{er}} & {\bf{Achievement/Completion/Result}} (indicates success or outcome). \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ge}} & {\bf{Vague meaning}} (found in many fundamental verbs like gefallen, gebrauchen). \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{emp}} & {\bf{Receiving/Sensing}} (related to feelings or obtaining something). \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{miss}} & {\bf{Wrongly/Incorrectly}} (always indicates failure or error). \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{zer}} & {\bf{Apart/Destruction/To pieces}} (indicates breaking something). \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{hinter}} & {\bf{Behind}} (spatial meaning of being behind or leaving behind). \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{voll}} & {\bf{Full/Completely}} (indicates an action done entirely). \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{0.91894 cm} p{0.66832 cm} x{1.54549 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{ Essen Conjugation}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pronouns}} & {\bf{Present}} & {\bf{Past}} & {\bf{Present Perfect}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ich}} & esse & a{\ss} & habe gegessen \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{du}} & isst & a{\ss}est & hast gegessen \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{er/sie/es}} & isst & a{\ss} & hat gegessen \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{wir}} & essen & a{\ss}en & haben gegessen \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ihr}} & esst & a{\ss}t & habt gegessen \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{sie/Sie}} & essen & a{\ss}en & haben gegessen \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{0.91894 cm} p{0.66832 cm} x{1.54549 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{ M{\"o}gen Conjugation}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pronouns}} & {\bf{Present}} & {\bf{Past}} & {\bf{Present Perfect}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ich}} & mag & \seqsplit{mochte} & habe gemocht \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{du}} & magst & \seqsplit{mochtest} & hast gemocht \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{er/sie/es}} & mag & \seqsplit{mochte} & hat gemocht \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{wir}} & m{\"o}gen & \seqsplit{mochten} & haben gemocht \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ihr}} & m{\"o}gt & \seqsplit{mochtet} & habt gemocht \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{sie/Sie}} & m{\"o}gen & \seqsplit{mochten} & haben gemocht \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{gern}} : Expresses that you enjoy doing an activity = {\bf{like to}}, {\bf{gladly}},{\bf{ with pleasure}}. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{lieber}} : Expresses a preference for one activity over another. It is the comparative form of gern = {\bf{rather}}, {\bf{prefer to}}.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.08574 cm} x{1.89126 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Days of the week}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{German}} & {\bf{English}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{der Montag}} & Monday \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{der Dienstag}} & Tuesday \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{der Mittwoch}} & Wednesday \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{der Donnerstag}} & Thursday \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{der Freitag}} & Friday \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{der Samstag}} & Saturday \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{der Sonntag}} & Sunday \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.03597 cm} x{1.94103 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Seasons}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{German}} & {\bf{English}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{der Frühling}} & Spring \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{der Sommer}} & Summer \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{der Herbst}} & Wednesday \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{der Winter}} & Thursday \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.9862 cm} x{1.9908 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Parts of the day}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{German}} & {\bf{English}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{der Morgen}} & Morning \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{der Vormittag}} & Late morning \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{der Mittag}} & Noon, midday \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{der Nachmittag}} & Afternoon \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{der Abend}} & Evening \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{die Nacht}} & Night \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.96811 cm} x{1.3731 cm} x{1.23579 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Das Pr{\"a}teritum (haben/sein)}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pronoun}} & {\bf{haben}} & {\bf{sein}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ich}} & hatt & war \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{du}} & hattest & warst \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{er/sie/es}} & hatte & war \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{wir}} & hatten & waren \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ihr}} & hattet & wart \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{sie/Sie}} & hatten & waren \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.96117 cm} x{1.78503 cm} x{1.8308 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Das Pr{\"a}teritum}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Case}} & {\bf{Stem change}} & {\bf{Ending}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Regular verbs}} & No change & {\bf{-te, -test, -te, -ten, -tet, -ten}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Irregular verbs}} & Vowel changes & {\bf{None, -st, None, -en, -t, -en}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Mixed verbs}} & Small stem change & {\bf{Same as weak verbs}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Modal verbs}} & Stem change & {\bf{Same as strong verbs}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Separable Verbs}} & Prefix stays attached; verb conjugated normally behind the prefix. & {\bf{Same as Weak/Strong endings (usually weak)}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Inseparable Verbs}} & Prefix stays attached; verb conjugated normally. & {\bf{Same as Weak/Strong endings (usually strong)}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Regular verbs}} = {\bf{weak verbs}};  \newline {\bf{Irregular verbs}} = {\bf{strong verbs}} \newline $\filledsquare{}$ The {\bf{irregular verbs}} case:  {\bf{Stem}} changes; {\bf{no ending}} for {\bf{ich/er}}. Must be memorized. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{Separable Verb Example: }}Ich {\bf{rief}} meinen Freund gestern Abend {\bf{an}}. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{Inseparable Verb Example: }}Ich {\bf{besuchte}} meine Gro{\ss}eltern letztes Wochenende.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.24425 cm} x{3.73275 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Das Perfket}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Choosing the Correct Auxiliary Verb (haben vs. sein)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Auxiliary}} & {\bf{Use Case}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{haben}} & - Transitive verbs \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & - Reflexive verbs \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & - Inseparable-prefix verbs \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & - State verbs / no movement \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & - Modal verbs \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & - Most verbs overall \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{sein}} & - Verbs of physical motion/change of location (e.g., run, drive, fly). \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & - Verbs of change of state (e.g., become, wake up, die). \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & - The verbs sein (to be) and bleiben (to stay). \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Perfekt = Hilfsverbs (haben/sein) + Partizip II}} \newline $\filledsquare{}$use {\bf{haben}} when the verb does not indicate movement from A to B. {\bf{"Movement"}} doesn't mean  any action with your body. it means {\bf{physical movement}} from point A to B (change of location). \newline Playing football is an action but not a movement verb. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ Most verbs {\bf{(arbeiten, lesen, essen, schreiben..)}} describe activity happening in one location. that's why they always take {\bf{haben}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.01388 cm} x{2.10542 cm} p{0.4577 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Das Perfekt Partizip II Formation}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Verb Type}} & {\bf{Rule}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Regular Verbs}} & {\bf{ge-}}+ stem + {\bf{-t}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }} machen→ {\bf{gemacht}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Irregular Verbs}} & {\bf{ge-}} + changed stem + {\bf{-en}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }} sprechen→ {\bf{gesprochen}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Mixed Verbs}} & {\bf{ge-}} + changed stem + {\bf{-t}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }} bringen→ {\bf{gebracht}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Separable Verbs}} & {\bf{Prefix}} + {\bf{ge-}} + stem + {\bf{-t / -en}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }}einkaufen →{\bf{ eingekauft}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Inseparable Verbs}} & {\bf{Prefix}}+ stem + {\bf{-t / -en}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }}verstehen→ {\bf{verstanden}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Separable (Irregular Stem)}} & {\bf{Prefix}} + {\bf{ge-}} + changed stem + {\bf{-en}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }}aufstehen→ {\bf{aufgestanden}}} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Inseparable (Irregular Stem)}} & {\bf{Prefix}} + changed stem + {\bf{-en}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }}verstehen→ {\bf{verstanden}}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Verbs ending in -ieren}} & stem + {\bf{-iert}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }}studieren→ {\bf{studiert}}} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Modal Verbs}} & No {\bf{ge-}}; use the {\bf{Infinitive form}} instead of a participle. &  \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.01388 cm} x{2.10542 cm} p{0.4577 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Das Perfekt Partizip II Formation}} (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }} k{\"o}nnen→ {\bf{k{\"o}nnen}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Reflexive Verbs}} & {\bf{ge-}} + stem + {\bf{-t / -en}} (always use haben) &  \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }}sich waschen→ Ich habe {\bf{mich gewaschen.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.78503 cm} x{1.23579 cm} x{1.55618 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Das verb ""es gibt"" }}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Usage Context}} & {\bf{German}} & {\bf{English}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Emphatic Existence}} & Das gibt es (nicht)! & That exists (or not)! \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Referring to an Object}} & Das gibt er mir. & He is giving that to me. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Referring to a Situation}} & Das gibt Probleme. & That is causing problems. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Formal Existence}} & Es gibt... & There is/are... \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}$ First, it is the base verb {\bf{geben}} in the present tense: {\bf{er/sie/es gibt}} \newline $\filledsquare{}$ Always : {\bf{"es gibt" + Akkusativ object}}. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ Conjugation : \newline {\bf{es gibt}} → Present tense. \newline {\bf{es gab}} → Past tense (Pr{\"a}teritum). \newline {\bf{es hat gegeben}} → Past Perfect tense (Perfekt) "There has been/There have been". \newline $\filledsquare{}$ Questioning : {\bf{Was gibt es hier ?}} / {\bf{Gibt es einen supermarket in der N{\"a}he?}}.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.82386 cm} x{1.87657 cm} x{1.87657 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Comparison of Adjectives}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Degree}} & {\bf{Rule when after the verb sein}} & {\bf{Rule when before the Noun (Requires Declension Endings)}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{1. Positiv}} & Base form of the adjective. & Adjective stem + Declension ending {\bf{(-e, -er, -es, -en, etc.)}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example: }} & Die Blume ist {\bf{sch{\"o}n}}. / Ich kaufe eine {\bf{sch{\"o}ne }}Blume. &  \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{2. Komparativ}} & Base form + {\bf{-er.}} & Adjective stem + {\bf{-er-}} + Declension ending. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example: }} & Die Blume ist {\bf{sch{\"o}ner}}. / Ich kaufe eine {\bf{sch{\"o}nere}} Blume. &  \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{3. Superlativ}} & The set phrase {\bf{am}} + form ending in {\bf{-sten.}} & Use {\bf{der/die/das}} + Adjective stem + {\bf{-st-}} + Declension ending. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example: }} & Die Blume ist {\bf{am sch{\"o}nsten.}} / Ich kaufe {\bf{die sch{\"o}nste}} Blume. &  \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}$ Some adjectives take an extra {\bf{-e-}} before {\bf{"-sten"}} to make pronunciation possible:   \newline {\bf{warm}} → {\bf{am w{\"a}rmsten}}. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ Adjectives ending in: {\bf{-t, -d, -s, -{\ss}, -sch, -tz, -x, -z}}.→ need an extra {\bf{-e-}} in the Superlative. \newline {\bf{Example:}} breit → breiter → {\bf{am breitesten}} \newline $\filledsquare{}$ Some adjectives add an {\bf{Umlaut ({\"a}, {\"o}, ü)}} in the Komparativ and Superlativ. \newline {\bf{Example:}}  \newline alt → {\bf{{\"a}lter → am {\"a}ltesten}} \newline gro{\ss} → {\bf{gr{\"o}{\ss}er → am gr{\"o}{\ss}ten}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.32733 cm} x{1.60195 cm} x{1.64772 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Comparison of Adjectives (Irregular Forms)}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{You must memorize these exceptions, as they are very common:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Positive}} & {\bf{Comparative}} & {\bf{Superlative}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
gut & besser & am besten \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
gern & lieber & am liebsten \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
viel & mehr & am meisten \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
nah & n{\"a}her & am n{\"a}chsten \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
hoch & h{\"o}her & am h{\"o}chsten \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{good/better/best}} \newline {\bf{like to/prefer to/like most}} \newline {\bf{much/more/most}} \newline {\bf{near/nearer/nearest}} \newline {\bf{high/higher/highest}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.96117 cm} x{1.78503 cm} x{1.8308 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Comparative + als / So … wie}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Structure}} & {\bf{Example (Positive Degree)}} & {\bf{Example (Comparative Degree)}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{so ... wie}} & Ich bin {\bf{so}} gro{\ss} {\bf{wie}} du. (I am as tall as you.) & {\bf{/}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Comparative + als}} & {\bf{/}} & Ich bin {\"a}lter {\bf{als}} du. (I am older than you.) \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{Important Grammar Note :}} \newline Both the {\bf{noun/pronoun}} before the {\bf{verb}} and the {\bf{noun/pronoun}} after {\bf{als}} or {\bf{wie}} always remain in the {\bf{Nominative case}}: \newline {\bf{Er ist gr{\"o}{\ss}er als ich.}} (He is bigger than I.) \newline {\bf{Sie ist so schnell wie er.}} (She is as fast as he.)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.34379 cm} x{3.63321 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Infinitiv mit zu}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Structure}} & {\bf{Rule}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Basic Structure & Subject + Verb (conjugated) + ... + {\bf{zu}} + {\bf{Infinitiv}} (end) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Examples :}} & Ich versuche, Deutsch {\bf{zu lernen.}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Separable Verbs & {\bf{prefix + zu + stem}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Examples :}} & Ich verspreche, morgen früh {\bf{aufzustehen.}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Infinitiv mit zu (Common Situations)}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Situation}} & {\bf{Examples of Preceding Words}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
1.After certain verbs & anfangen, beginnen, versuchen, vergessen, aufh{\"o}ren, planen, hoffen, entscheiden, versprechen, vorschlagen, beabsichtigen, sich weigern, scheinen, vorhaben, es gelingt, raten, erlauben, verbieten, bitten, zwingen, erm{\"o}glichen, erinnern (an). \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 10)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
2.After adjectives & einfach, schwer, schwierig, wichtig, sch{\"o}n, m{\"o}glich, gut, nett, interessant, verboten, erlaubt, notwendig, leicht, dumm, klug, schade, besser, genug \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
3.After some nouns & die Absicht, die Angst, das Angebot, die Aufgabe, die Entscheidung, der Entschluss, die Freude, der Grund, die Hoffnung, das Interesse, die Lust, die M{\"o}glichkeit, die Neigung, die Notwendigkeit, das Problem, der Spa{\ss}, der Versuch, die Zeit, die Arbeit. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 10)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Exception :}} \newline $\filledsquare{}$ Do not use {\bf{zu}} with {\bf{modal verbs}} (k{\"o}nnen, müssen, etc.). \newline $\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{Verbs of perception }}(sehen, h{\"o}ren, fühlen) and {\bf{the verb bleiben}} (to stay) also do not take zu. \newline {\bf{Ich h{\"o}re ihn kommen.}} (I hear him coming / not zu kommen)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{0.87717 cm} x{1.21133 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Conjugation of verb werden}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pronoun}} & {\bf{Present}} & {\bf{Pr{\"a}teritum}} & {\bf{Perfekt}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ich}} & werde & wurde & bin geworden \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{du}} & wirst & wurdest & bist geworden \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{er/sie/es}} & wird & wurde & ist geworden \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{wir}} & werden & wurden & sind geworden \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ihr}} & werdet & wurdet & seid geworden \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{sie/Sie}} & werden & wurden & sind geworden \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{werden}} uses {\bf{sein}} as its auxiliary verb in the {\bf{Perfekt tense}}, not haben.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.01388 cm} x{2.10542 cm} p{0.4577 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Usage of werden as a Full Verb}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Case}} & {\bf{Explanation}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
With Adjectives	: & To express a change into a new quality or state ("to become/get {[}adjective{]}"). &  \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example : }} & Ich {\bf{werde müde.}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
With Nouns & To express a change in identity or a new role/profession. &  \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example 01: }} & Sie {\bf{wird Ärztin}}. &  \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Example 02: }} & Mein Bruder {\bf{wurde Lehrer.}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Impersonal Expressions {\bf{(es)}} & Describing weather, temperature, or physical \seqsplit{feelings/sensations}. &  \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Example 01: }} & Heute {\bf{wird es}} kalt. &  \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example 02: }} & Mir {\bf{wird es}} kalt. &  \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Example 03: }} & {\bf{Es wurde}} Sommer. &  \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Adjective Declension (Definite Article)}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ }}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Nom}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Accu}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Dat}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Gen}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Article is {\bf{strong}} so adjectives gets {\bf{weak}} endings too. {\bf{(weak = e/en)}} \newline - Use {\bf{"-e"}} only  when the noun is: \newline $\filledsquare{}${\bf{Nominativ singular(der,die,das)}} \newline $\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{Accusative singular for feminine and neuter}} \newline - Use {\bf{"-en"}} in all other situations.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Adjective Declension (No Article)}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ }}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Nom}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Accu}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Dat}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Gen}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}$ When there is {\bf{no article}}, adjectives must show the full grammar information themselves. \newline That means: they always take strong endings. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{Strong endings}} = the same endings you already know from the definite article table (der/die/das table), but applied to the adjective instead of the article.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Adjective Declension (Indefinite Article)}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ }}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Nom}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Accu}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Dat}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Gen}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{The pattern}} is: \newline $\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{ein / eine }}→ unclear → {\bf{strong ending}} = {\bf{-er, -e, -es, -en, -em}} \newline $\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{eine / einen / einem / einer / eines}} → clear → {\bf{weak ending}} = {\bf{-e,-en}} \newline {\bf{ }} \newline $\filledsquare{}$Now, in the case of {\bf{ein/eine }}, what you chose from those {\bf{-er, -e, -es, -en, -em}} is according to its definite article : \newline {\bf{der → er, die → e, das → es}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.73232 cm} x{1.92234 cm} x{1.92234 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Subordinate Clauses with dass and ob }}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Conjunction}} & {\bf{English}} & {\bf{Word Order Rule}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{dass}} & that & The conjugated verb goes to the {\bf{end}} of the clause. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example:}} & Ich wei{\ss}, {\bf{dass}} er {\bf{kommt}}. (I know that he is coming.) &  \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ob}} & if / whether & The conjugated verb goes to the {\bf{end}} of the clause. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example:}} & Ich wei{\ss} nicht, {\bf{ob}} er kommt. (I don't know if he is coming.) &  \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.82386 cm} x{1.87657 cm} x{1.87657 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{ Active vs. Passive}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ }} & {\bf{Active}} & {\bf{Passive}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Structure}} & {\bf{Subjekt}} + Verb + {\bf{Objekt}} & {\bf{Objekt (becomes Subjekt) + werden/sein + Partizip II}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example}} & {\bf{Der Koch bereitet}} das Essen zu. & Das Essen {\bf{wird zubereitet.}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Doer}} & Essential part of the sentence. & Optional ({\bf{von}} or {\bf{durch}}): Das Essen {\bf{wird von}} dem Koch {\bf{zubereitet.}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}--}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{$\filledsquare{}$ The Two Types of Passive :}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Type}} & {\bf{Focus}} & {\bf{Form}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Vorgangspassiv}} & The action is {\bf{happening.}} & {\bf{werden + Partizip II}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example:}} & Das Auto {\bf{wird repariert.}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The car is being repaired {\bf{(dynamic action)}}. &  \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Zustandspassiv}} & The result of the action. & {\bf{sein + Partizip II}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Das Auto {\bf{ist repariert.}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.82386 cm} x{1.87657 cm} x{1.87657 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{ Active vs. Passive}} (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & The car is repaired {\bf{(final result)}}. &  \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{$\filledsquare{}$ NOT to Use Passive:}} \newline - With verbs that have no object (e.g., schlafen, kommen, gehen). \newline - With {\bf{reflexive verbs}} (e.g., sich waschen).}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.3731 cm} x{2.7462 cm} p{0.4577 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Vorgangspassiv (Passiv) in Different Tenses}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Tense}} & {\bf{Structure}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Present}} & {\bf{wird/werden}} + {\bf{Partizip II}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Example: & Die Arbeit {\bf{wird gemacht.}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 0)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pr{\"a}teritum}} & {\bf{wurde/wurden + Partizip II}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Example: & Die Arbeit {\bf{wurde gemacht.}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 0)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Perfekt}} & {\bf{ist/sind + Partizip II + worden}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Example: & Die Arbeit {\bf{ist gemacht worden.}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}${\bf{OPTIONAL}} (not A2 Level) : \newline - {\bf{Plusquamperfekt (Past Perfect) :}}  \newline Rule : {\bf{war/waren + Partizip II + worden}} \newline Die Arbeit {\bf{war gemacht worden}} \newline {\bf{        }} \newline -{\bf{Futur I (Future) :}} \newline Rule : \newline {\bf{wird/werden + Partizip II + werden}} \newline Die Arbeit {\bf{wird gemacht werden.}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.86963 cm} x{1.87657 cm} x{1.8308 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Subordinate clauses with wenn and als}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Feature}} & {\bf{als}} & {\bf{wenn}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{English Meaning}} & when & when / whenever / if \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Tense}} & Used only for an event or period that happened {\bf{one time in the past.}} & Used for {\bf{present}} events, {\bf{future}} events, repeated habits {\bf{(any tense)}}, or {\bf{conditions}} ("if"). \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Als/Wenn}} + Subject + ... + {\bf{Verb (End)}} , {\bf{verb}} + Subject +... &  \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Main clause verb is in {\bf{position 2}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Example 01: }} & {\bf{Wenn}} ich Zeit {\bf{habe}}, {\bf{gehe}} ich joggen. &  \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example 02: }} & {\bf{Als}} er mich gesehen {\bf{hat}}, {\bf{hat}} er gel{\"a}chelt. &  \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{You can change positions :}}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example 03: }} & Ich {\bf{trinke}} Kaffee, {\bf{wenn}} ich müde {\bf{bin.}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.86963 cm} x{1.87657 cm} x{1.8308 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Subordinate clauses with wenn and als}} (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example 04: }} & Ich {\bf{hatte}} lange Haare, {\bf{als}} ich jung {\bf{war.}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Additional Notes and Tips: }} \newline $\filledsquare{}$ Als Cannot Mean {\bf{"If"}}. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ When you start a sentence with the {\bf{als}} or {\bf{wenn}} clause, the main clause must start with the verb immediately afterward. \newline Think of it as: {[}Clause 1 (Verb End){]}, {\bf{{[}Verb (Pos 1){]}}} {[}Subject{]} {[}rest of sentence{]}. \newline {\bf{Als}} ich jung {\bf{war}}, {\bf{hatte}} ich lange Haare.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{The (A1-B2) Structures of Konjunktiv II Part1 }}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Usage}} & {\bf{Structure}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Polite Wish / Request ("I would like…") & Ich + {\bf{h{\"a}tte}} + {\bf{gern}} + Objekt \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }} Ich {\bf{h{\"a}tte gern}} einen Kaffee.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Strong Wish / Regret ("If only I were…") & {\bf{W{\"a}re ich doch}} + Adjektiv/Nomen! \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }} {\bf{W{\"a}re ich doch}} reich!} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Universal Konjunktiv II (Hypothetical) & Subjekt + {\bf{würde}} + (Time/Place) + {\bf{Infinitiv}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }} Ich {\bf{würde}} heute {\bf{arbeiten.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Unreal Conditional (Wenn… dann…) & {\bf{Wenn}} + Subjekt + Adjektiv/Objekt + {\bf{w{\"a}re/h{\"a}tte, h{\"a}tte/würde}} + Subjekt + Objekt + {\bf{(Infinitiv if using würde)}}. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 7)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }} {\bf{Wenn}} ich Zeit {\bf{h{\"a}tte, würde}} ich Deutsch {\bf{lernen.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
With Modal Verbs (Polite/Unreal) & Subjekt + {\bf{k{\"o}nnte/müsste/sollte/dürfte/wollte}} + (Objekt/Zeit/Ort) + {\bf{Infinitiv}} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 5)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }} Ich {\bf{k{\"o}nnte helfen.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Polite Request (K{\"o}nnten Sie...?) & {\bf{K{\"o}nnten Sie / K{\"o}nntest du}} + bitte + {\bf{Infinitiv?}} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{The (A1-B2) Structures of Konjunktiv II Part1 }} (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }} {\bf{K{\"o}nnten Sie}} mir bitte {\bf{helfen?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
Indirect Wishes & {\bf{Ich würde gern}} + {\bf{Verb (Infinitiv)}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }}  {\bf{Ich würde gern reisen.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
Wünschen with Konjunktiv II & {\bf{Ich wünschte,}} + {\bf{dass-Satz}} im Konjunktiv II \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }} {\bf{Ich wünschte, dass}} ich besser Deutsch sprechen {\bf{würde}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
Polite Questions with h{\"a}tte/w{\"a}re & {\bf{H{\"a}tten Sie…? / W{\"a}ren Sie…?}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }} {\bf{H{\"a}tten Sie}} einen Moment Zeit?} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
Hypothetical Past (Impossible past) & {\bf{Wenn}} + Subjekt + {\bf{Partizip II}} + {\bf{h{\"a}tte/w{\"a}re, h{\"a}tte/w{\"a}re}}+ Subjekt + {\bf{Partizip II.}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 5)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Example: }} {\bf{Wenn}} ich {\bf{gelernt h{\"a}tte, w{\"a}re}} ich {\bf{bestanden.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{The (A1-B2) Structures of Konjunktiv II Part2 }}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Usage}} & {\bf{Structure}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Suggestions with man k{\"o}nnte & {\bf{Man k{\"o}nnte + Verb (Infinitiv)}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example: }} & {\bf{Man k{\"o}nnte}} sp{\"a}ter {\bf{gehen.}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Soft criticism with k{\"o}nnte & {\bf{Du k{\"o}nntest + Verb (Infinitiv)}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example: }} & {\bf{Du k{\"o}nntest}} früher {\bf{kommen.}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Hypothetical Statement with es w{\"a}re & {\bf{Es w{\"a}re}} + Adjektiv, {\bf{wenn}}… \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example: }} & {\bf{Es w{\"a}re}} sch{\"o}n, {\bf{wenn}} du hier {\bf{w{\"a}rst.}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Unreal Desire for haben & Ich h{\"a}tte + gern/lieber + Objekt \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example: }} & {\bf{Ich h{\"a}tte lieber}} ein gro{\ss}es Zimmer. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Unreal Desire for sein & {\bf{Ich w{\"a}re}} + Adjektiv/Nomen \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example: }} & {\bf{Ich w{\"a}re}} jetzt gern zu Hause. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Polite Offers & {\bf{Ich k{\"o}nnte}} + Objekt + {\bf{Verb (Infinitiv)}} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example: }} & {\bf{Ich k{\"o}nnte}} dir {\bf{helfen.}} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
Soft Refusal & {\bf{Ich würde lieber + Verb (Infinitiv)}} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Example: }} & {\bf{Ich würde lieber}} zu Hause {\bf{bleiben.}} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{The (A1-B2) Structures of Konjunktiv II Part2 }} (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Unreal Comparison & {\bf{Als ob + Konjunktiv II}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Example: }} & Er tut so, {\bf{als ob}} er reich {\bf{w{\"a}re.}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Hypothetical Future & {\bf{Ich würde}} + in der Zukunft + {\bf{Verb (Infinitiv)}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Example: }} & {\bf{Ich würde}} morgen {\bf{kommen.}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Polite Offers with dürfte & {\bf{Dürfte ich + Verb (Infinitiv)…?}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Example: }} & {\bf{Dürfte ich}} kurz {\bf{st{\"o}ren?}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.96811 cm} x{1.3731 cm} x{1.23579 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Konjunktiv II for haben and sein }}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pronoun}} & {\bf{haben}} & {\bf{sein}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ich}} & h{\"a}tte & w{\"a}re \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{du}} & h{\"a}ttest & w{\"a}rest \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{er/sie/es}} & h{\"a}tte & w{\"a}re \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{wir}} & h{\"a}tten & w{\"a}ren \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ihr}} & h{\"a}ttet & w{\"a}ret \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{sie/Sie}} & h{\"a}tten & w{\"a}ren \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{Structure01:}} \newline Ich + {\bf{h{\"a}tte}} + gern + Object \newline {\bf{Example :}} \newline Ich {\bf{h{\"a}tte}} gern einen Kaffee.  \newline (I would like/would have a coffee.) \newline $\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{Structure02:}}In German, when expressing a strong wish, you can drop the {\bf{wenn}}. When you drop wenn, the conjugated verb {\bf{(w{\"a}re)}} moves to Position 1 \newline {\bf{Example :}} \newline {\bf{W{\"a}re}} ich doch reich!  \newline (If only I were rich!" or "I wish I were rich!)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.96117 cm} x{2.10542 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Konjunktiv II for other verbs }}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pronoun}} & {\bf{The Auxiliary Verb werden}} & {\bf{The Main Verb}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ich}} & würde & Infinitive at the end \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{du}} & würdest & Infinitive at the end \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{er/sie/es}} & würde & Infinitive at the end \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{wir}} & würden & Infinitive at the end \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ihr}} & würdet & Infinitive at the end \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{sie/Sie}} & würden & Infinitive at the end \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{Structure01 :}} \newline Subject + {\bf{würde (conjugated)}} + (Object/Time/Place) + {\bf{Main Verb (Infinitive).}} \newline {\bf{Example :}}  \newline Er {\bf{würde}} morgen {\bf{kommen.}} \newline (He would come tomorrow.) \newline $\filledsquare{}$ {\bf{Structure02: }} \newline {\bf{Wenn}} + Subject + Adjective/Object + {\bf{w{\"a}re/h{\"a}tte, H{\"a}tte/würde + Subject + Object + (Infinitive at the end if using würde)}}  \newline {\bf{Example : }} \newline {\bf{Wenn}} ich Zeit {\bf{h{\"a}tte, würde}} ich dich {\bf{besuchen}}. \newline (If I had time, I would visit you.)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.16956 cm} x{1.00248 cm} x{1.00248 cm} x{1.00248 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Konjunktiv II for Modal Verbs Part 01}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pronoun}} & {\bf{k{\"o}nnen }} & {\bf{müssen }} & {\bf{dürfen }} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ich}} & k{\"o}nnte & müsste & dürfte \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{du}} & k{\"o}nntest & \seqsplit{müsstest} & \seqsplit{dürftest} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{er/sie/es}} & k{\"o}nnte & müsste & dürfte \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{wir}} & k{\"o}nnten & müssten & dürften \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ihr}} & k{\"o}nntet & müsstet & dürftet \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{sie/Sie}} & k{\"o}nnten & müssten & dürften \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.29487 cm} x{0.96071 cm} x{0.96071 cm} x{0.96071 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Konjunktiv II for Modal Verbs Part 02}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pronoun}} & {\bf{sollen}} & {\bf{wollen}} & {\bf{m{\"o}gen}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ich}} & sollte & wollte & m{\"o}chte \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{du}} & solltest & wolltest & m{\"o}chtest \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{er/sie/es}} & sollte & wollte & m{\"o}chte \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{wir}} & sollten & wollten & m{\"o}chten \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ihr}} & solltet & wolltet & m{\"o}chtet \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{sie/Sie}} & sollten & wollten & m{\"o}chten \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Note :}} {\bf{m{\"o}chten}} ("would like to") is the primary and most common form of {\bf{m{\"o}gen}} used in Konjunktiv II in {\bf{modern German}}.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Relative Pronouns}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Case}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Nom}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Acc}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Dat}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Gen}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}$ Relative pronouns introduce a {\bf{subordinate clause}}, meaning the {\bf{conjugated verb}} always goes to the {\bf{end}} of that clause. \newline Das ist {\bf{der Mann}}, {\bf{den}} ich gestern gesehen {\bf{habe.}} \newline Das ist {\bf{der Mann}}, {\bf{der}} mit meiner Tante verlobt {\bf{ist.}} \newline In the first example (...den ich gesehen habe), "I" {\bf{(ich)}} was the {\bf{subject}}, making {\bf{"the man"}} the object {\bf{(den)}}. \newline In the second example (...der verlobt ist), {\bf{"the man"}} is the subject himself {\bf{(der).}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.23579 cm} p{0.59501 cm} x{2.7462 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Time Prepositions Part 01}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Preposition}} & {\bf{Case}} & {\bf{Use}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{am}} & Dativ & Days, dates, parts of the day (except night) \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{im}} & Dativ & Months, seasons, years, centuries \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{um}} & \seqsplit{Akkusativ} & Clock times \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{an}} & Dativ & Specific calendar days or occasions \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{in (Zeitpunkt)}} & Dativ & at (time) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{in (Zeitraum)}} & Dativ & during (period) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{vor}} & Dativ & "Ago" + earlier than something \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{nach}} & Dativ & After something \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{seit}} & Dativ & Since + starting point (ongoing action) \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ab}} & Dativ & Starting from a future point \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Examples of each one: }}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}$ am Montag / am 3. Mai \newline $\filledsquare{}$ im Juli / im Winter \newline $\filledsquare{}$ Der Kurs beginnt um 9 Uhr. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ an meinem Geburtstag. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ in zwei Wochen fahre ich weg. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ ab morgen. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ nach der Schule. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ seit 2020 lerne ich Deutsch. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ Ich arbeite in der Nacht. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ vor einem Jahr.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.86963 cm} x{1.41887 cm} x{2.2885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Time Prepositions Part 02}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Preposition}} & {\bf{Case}} & {\bf{Use}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{bis}} & Akkusativ & Until a specific moment \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{bis zu}} & Dativ & Until + limit / border \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{w{\"a}hrend}} & Genitiv (+Dativ informal) & During a period \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{für}} & Akkusativ & Duration (how long) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{über}} & Akkusativ & Over a longer period (weekend, holidays) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{gegen}} & Akkusativ & \seqsplit{Around/approximately} a time \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{innerhalb}} & Genitiv & Within a time limit \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{au{\ss}erhalb}} & Genitiv & Outside a time frame \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{seitdem}} & Dativ & Since that moment \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Examples of each one: }}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{$\filledsquare{}$ Ich bleibe bis morgen. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ bis zu einem Jahr \newline $\filledsquare{}$ w{\"a}hrend des Urlaubs. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ Ich bleibe für zwei Tage. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ über das Wochenende \newline $\filledsquare{}$ Wir treffen uns gegen 18 Uhr. \newline $\filledsquare{}$ innerhalb eines Tages \newline $\filledsquare{}$ au{\ss}erhalb der Arbeitszeit \newline $\filledsquare{}$ seitdem diesem Tag}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}