\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Ayesha Talib}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (the-fundamental-unit-of-life.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Ayesha Talib)
  /Subject (The Fundamental Unit of Life Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{7E5FA3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F6F5F9}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{The Fundamental Unit of Life Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Ayesha Talib} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/173447/cs/36750/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Ayesha Talib \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/ayesha-talib} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 28th January, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DISCOVERIES}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665. Leeuwenhoek discovered free living cells in pond water in 1674. Robert Brown discovered nucleus in 1831. Purkinje termed 'protoplasm' in 1839.  Schleiden {[}1838{]} and Schwann {[}1839{]} proposed the cell theory. Virchow expanded the cell theory in 1855. discovery of electron microscope in 1940.% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{TERMS}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{flexibility of the plasma membrane enables the cell to engulf food and other materials from its environment. this process is called {\bf{endocytosis}}. ex. amoeba \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
when a living plant cell loses water through osmosis, there is a shrinkage or contraction of contents of the cell away from the cell wall. this is called {\bf{plasmolysis}}.% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DIFFUSION /\textbackslash{} OSMOSIS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
movement of substances from high concentration to low concentration until they are spread out & movement of water molecules from high concentration to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
occurs in any medium & occurs only in liquids \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
semi-permeable membrane not reqd & semi-permeable membrane reqd \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
can be carried out by dead cells & only living cells carry out osmosis \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{role of diffusion: gaseous exchange b/w cells \& cells and its external environment. \newline ex. of osmosis: absorption of water by plant roots, unicellular freshwater organisms gain water through osmosis. \newline ony living cells perform osmosis but dead cell}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.508 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{TYPES OF SOLUTIONS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC & ISOTONIC \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
has higher \seqsplit{concentration} of water in the medium than in the cell. if we place a cell in it, it gains water and swells up due to endosmosis & has higher \seqsplit{concentration} of water in the cell than in the medium. if we place a cell in hypertonic solution, the cell loses water and shrinks due to exosmosis & has \seqsplit{concentration} of water same in and outside the cell. if we place a cell in an it, there will be no net movement of water across cell membrane and the cell remains the same size \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 14)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{acc to their chemical composition, diff regions of cells color differently. iodine, safranin \& methylene blue solutions.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CELL WALL}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{outermost covering of plant cells. made up of cellulose and is rigid and non-living. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
provides protection, shape and structural strength to and freely allows materials to move in and out. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
permit plant, fungi \& bacteria cells to withstand very dilute external media w/o bursting.% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PLASMA MEMBRANE/\textbackslash{}CELL WALL}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
outermost covering of animal cells & outermost covering of plant cells \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
made up of lipids and proteins & made up of cellulose \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
flexible and living & rigid and non-living \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
selectively permeable membrane & freely permeable membrane \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
seperates inner contents of the cell from its external environment, provides protection and shape to cells and allows entry and exit of materials in and out of cells & provides protection, shape and structural strength and freely allows materials to move in and out \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{NUCLEUS}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{nuclear membrane}}: double layered covering. separates inner contents of the cell from cytoplasm.  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{nuclear pores}}: minute openings in nuclear membrane, allows transfer of material b/w nucleus \& cytoplasm. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 3)
{\bf{nucleoplasm}}: jelly-like substance containing nucleolus and chromosomes. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
{\bf{nucleolus}}: small dark spherical structure composed of RNA and proteins. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
{\bf{chromosome}}: a thread-like structure in nucleus known as chromatin reticulum. during cell division, it organizes to form a rod-like structure called chromosome. it has DNA {[}functional unit: genes, help in transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring{]} and proteins. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 6)
controls all activities of the cell, helps in cellular reproduction/cell division \& transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring.% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PROKARYOTIC CELL /\textbackslash{} EUKARYOTIC CELL}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
size 1-10nm & size 5-100nm \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
nuclear region is an undefined nucleus w/o nuclear membrane, containing only nucleic acids {[}nucleoid{]} & nuclear region is well defined and nucleus is surrounded by nuclear membrane \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
single chromosome & more than one chromosome \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
membrane bound cell organelles absent & membrane bound cell organelles present \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ex. blue green algae, bacteria & ex. plant cell, animal cell \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{unicellular organisms: amoeba, chlamydomonas, paramoecium \& bacteria. \newline multicellular organisms: some fungi {[}mushroom{]}, plants \& animals. \newline chlorophyll in photosynthetic prokaryotic bacteria is associated w/ membranous vesicles but not w/ plastids as in eukaryotic cells.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.6 cm} x{4.4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{RER /\textbackslash{} SER}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ribosomes attached to surface & ribosomes absent \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
helps in synthesis of proteins & helps in synthesis of lipids and fats \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
seen near nucleus & seen near plasma membrane \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{ER is a large network of membrane bound tubes and vesicles. it is made up of lipids and proteins. \newline it serves as channels for transport of materials b/w regions of cytoplasm or nucleus and cytoplasm. acts as a cytoplasmic framework for various activities of cell. in liver cells of vertebrates, SER detoxifies poisons and gases.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MEMBRANE BIOGENESIS}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{process of building up of new cell membrane using lipids and proteins synthesized by SER AND RER.% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{GOLGI APPARATUS}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{membrane bound, vesicles are arranged parallel to each other in stacks {[}cisterns{]}. often has connections w/ ER. Camillo Golgi. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
helps in storage, modification, packaging and dispatching off products in vesicles. complex sugars may be made from simple sugars. involved in formation of lysosomes.% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LYSOSOMES}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{membrane bound sacks filled with digestive enzymes made by RER. waste disposal system of cell. aka 'suicide bags'. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
helps keep cell clean by digesting any foreign material and worn out cell organelles% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MITOCHONDRIA}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{oval shaped organelle having own DNA and ribosomes. surrounded by a double layered membrane. outer membrane porous. inner membrane deeply folded inwards for larger surface area for ATP generating chemical reactions. inner folding is called cristae. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 5)
aka powerhouse of cell as it releases energy reqd for various activities of cell {[}ATP aka energy currency of cell{]}.% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.04 cm} x{1.672 cm} x{2.888 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PLASTIDS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
CHROMOPLASTS & \seqsplit{LEUCOPLASTS} & CHLOROPLASTS \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
colored except green & \seqsplit{colorless/white} & green coloured \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
gives color to petals and fruits pollination and dispersal of roots and seeds & help in \seqsplit{photosynthesis} & store starch, oil and protein granules \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{membrane bound organelle having own DNA and ribosomes. chloroplast contains many membrane layers embedded in the stroma.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{VACUOLES}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{storage sacks for liquid/solid content. small in animal \& big {[}50-90\%{]} in plant cells. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{[}plant cells{]} vacuoles are full of sap, provide turgidity and rigidity to cell. store amino acids, sugars, organic acid, \& some proteins. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
{[}unicellular organisms{]} food vacuoles help in intake \& digestion of food and specialized vacuoles expel excess water and wastes from cell.% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ANIMAL CELL /\textbackslash{} PLANT CELL}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
outermost covering: plasma membrane & outermost covering: cell wall \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
plastids absent & plastids present \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
vacuoles absent/small & large vacuoles present \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
prominent \& highly complex golgi apparatus near nucleus & golgi apparatus is in the form of sub-units \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MITOSIS /\textbackslash{} MIOSIS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
occurs in body {[}somatic{]} cells & occurs in reproductive cells \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
1 nuclear division & 2 nuclear divisons \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
chromosome number remains same & chromosome number reduces to half \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
2 identical daughter cells produced & 4 non-identical daughter cells produced \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
helps in growth \& repair of tissues in organisms & helps in maintaining chromosome number same every generation \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{process by which new cells are made is called {\bf{cell division}}. mitosis: involved in growth \& repair of body. miosis: forms gametes.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}