\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
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\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
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\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
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\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Ayesha Talib}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (sound.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Ayesha Talib)
  /Subject (Sound Cheat Sheet)
}

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% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
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\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
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\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Sound Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Ayesha Talib} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/173447/cs/36667/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Ayesha Talib \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/ayesha-talib} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 23rd January, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{INTRODUCTORY TERMS}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{sound}} is a form of energy which produces a sensation of hearing in our ears. it is produced by vibrating objects. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{vibration}} is the rapid to and fro motion of an object. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
the matter or substance through which sound is transmitted is called a {\bf{medium}}. it may be solid, liquid or gas. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
a {\bf{wave}} is a disturbance that moves through a medium when the particles of the medium set neighboring particles into motion.% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COMPRESSIONS AND RAREFACTIONS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
compression is the region of high pressure & rarefaction is the region of low pressure \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{pressure is related to the number of particles of a medium in a given volume. more density of the particles in the medium gives more pressure and vice versa.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LONGITUDINAL WAVES /\textbackslash{} TRANSVERSE WAVES}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave & particles of the medium vibrate at right angles to the direction of wave \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
waves consist of compressions and rarefactions & waves consist of crests and troughs \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
propagates through solid, liquid and gas & propagates through solid and liquid \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
waves cannot be polarized & waves can be polarized \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ex. sound waves, ultrasound waves, seismic P-waves & ex. light waves, radio waves, seismic S-waves \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOUND WAVE}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{the distance between two consecutive compressions and two consecutive rarefactions is called the {\bf{wavelength}}. SI unit is m. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
the magnitude of maximum displacement in the medium on either side of the mean value is the {\bf{amplitude}} of a wave. SI unit is that of density or pressure. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 4)
{\bf{frequency}} is the number of oscillations per unit time. SI unit is Hz. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
time taken by two consecutive \seqsplit{compressions/rarefactions} to cross a fixed point is called the {\bf{time-period}}. SI unit is s. \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 3)
{\bf{speed}} of sound is the distance travelled by a wave per unit time.% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{how the brain interprets the frequency of an emitted sound is called its {\bf{pitch}}. pitch corresponds on frequency. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{quality or timbre}} of sound is that characteristic which enables us to distinguish one sound from another having the same pitch and loudness. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 3)
a sound of a single frequency is called a {\bf{tone}}. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
sound produced due to a mixture of several frequencies is called a {\bf{note}}. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
{\bf{noise}} is unpleasant to the ear. {\bf{music}} is pleasant to hear and is of rich quality.% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LOUDNESS /\textbackslash{} INTENSITY}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
is a measure of response of the ear to the sound & is the amount of sound passing each second through a unit area \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
SI unit is dB & SI unit is W/m\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{THE LAW OF REFLECTION OF SOUND}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{states that the directions in which the sound is incident and reflected make equal angles with the normal to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence and the three lie in the same plane.% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ECHO}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{the repetition of a sound caused by reflection of sound waves is called an {\bf{echo}}. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{conditions for hearing an echo}} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
time interval b/w source and reflected sound = more than 0.1s. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
minimum distance b/w source and reflector = 17.2m. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
intensity/loudness of sound should be sufficient for reaching the ear so as to be audible. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
size of reflector must be large.% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{REVERBERATION}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{repeated reflection that results in persistence of sound is called reverberation. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
ex. megaphones, loudhailers, horns, stethoscopes, ceilings of concert, cinema and conference halls {[}curved soundboard{]} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
examples of sound absorbers: compressed fibreboard, plaster, draperies% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.92 cm} x{4.08 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{RANGE OF HEARING}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
INFRASOUND & ULTRASOUND \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
sounds of frequencies less than 20Hz & sounds of frequencies higher than 20kHz \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
rhinoceroses {[}5Hz{]}, whales \& elephants & dolphins, bats, rats \& porpoise \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{humans: 20Hz-20kHz; children under 5 and dogs: 20Hz-25kHz}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{SOUND WAVES /\textbackslash{} LIGHT WAVES}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
longitudinal waves & transverse waves \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
cannot travel through vacuum & can travel through vacuum \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
speed of sound in air is 343m/s & speed of light in air is 3.10\textasciicircum{}8\textasciicircum{}m/s \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
have low frequency and high wavelength & have high frequency and low wavelength \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}