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% Document Info
\author{Ayesha Talib}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (atoms-and-molecules.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Ayesha Talib)
  /Subject (Atoms and Molecules Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Atoms and Molecules Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Ayesha Talib} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/173447/cs/36703/}}}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Ayesha Talib \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/ayesha-talib} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 25th January, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LAWS OF CHEMICAL COMBINATION}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{law of conservation of mass}}: mass can neither be created nor be destroyed in a chemical reaction. {[}Antoine Lavoisier{]}; {\emph{atoms are indivisible particles, which can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.}} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 5)
{\bf{law of constant proportion}}: in a chemical substance the elements are always present in definite proportions by mass. {[}Joseph Proust{]}; {\emph{the relative number and kinds of atoms are constant in a given compound.}}% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ATOMS}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{atoms are smaller than anything we can imagine. atomic radius is measured in {\emph{nm}}.  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
1/10\textasciicircum{}9\textasciicircum{}m = 1nm; 1m = 10\textasciicircum{}9\textasciicircum{}nm% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{TERMS: atoms}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{atomic mass unit}} is a mass unit equal to exactly 1/12\textasciicircum{}th\textasciicircum{} the mass of one carbon-12 atom. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{atomic mass}} of an element is the relative mass of its atom as compared with the mass of a carbon-12 atom. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
{\bf{relative atomic mass}} is the ratio of the average mass of atoms of an element to 1/12\textasciicircum{}th\textasciicircum{} the mass of a carbon-12 atom.% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ATOMIC MASSES OF ELEMENTS}}  \tn
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H & 1 \tn 
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% Row 1
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C & 12 \tn 
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N & 14 \tn 
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O & 16 \tn 
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Na & 23 \tn 
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Mg & 24 \tn 
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S & 32 \tn 
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Cl & 35.5 \tn 
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Ca & 40 \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{TERMS: molecules}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{molecules}} are the smallest particle of an element/compound which can exist independently and show all the properties of that substance. molecules constitute same type of atoms. it may be monoatomic, diatomic, polyatomic. they join together in definite proportions. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 6)
number of atoms constituting a molecule is known as its {\bf{atomicity}}. ex. Ar: monoatomic% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ATOMICITY OF ELEMENTS {[}non-metals{]}}}  \tn
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Ar & monoatomic \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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He & monoatomic \tn 
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O & diatomic \tn 
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H & diatomic \tn 
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N & diatomic \tn 
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Cl & diatomic \tn 
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PO`4` & tetra-atomic \tn 
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S & poly-atomic \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MOLECULES OF COMPOUNDS}}  \tn
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COMPOUND & COMBINING ELEMENTS & RATIO BY MASS \tn 
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water & H, O & 1:8 \tn 
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ammonia & N, H & 14:3 \tn 
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carbon dioxide & C, O & 3:8 \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{quick lime - calcium oxide - Ca, O \newline baking powder - sodium hydrogen carbonate - Na, H, C, O \newline potassium sulphate - K, S, O}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IONS}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{compounds composed of metals and non-metals contain charged species. the charged species are called ions. anion: -vely charged; cation: +vely charged. ex. Na\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} Cl\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{}. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
a group of atoms carrying a charge is known as a {\bf{polyatomic ion}}. ex. Ammonium ion - NH`4`; Carbonate ion: CO`3`\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{}.% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IONIC COMPOUNDS}}  \tn
% Row 0
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IONIC COMPOUND & CONSTITUTING ELEMENTS & RATIO BY MASS \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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calcium oxide & Ca, O & 5:2 \tn 
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% Row 2
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magnesium sulphide & Mg, S & 3:4 \tn 
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sodium chloride & Na, Cl & 23:35.5 \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{VALENCY}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{combining capacity of an element. can be used to find out how the atoms of an element will combine with the atom{[}s{]} of a compound.% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MOLECULAR MASS}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{sum of atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule of the substance. expressed in {[}u{]}.% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{FORMULA UNIT MASS}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{sum of atomic masses of all atoms in a formula unit of a compound. expressed in {[}u{]}.% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}