\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{ava\_berlynn}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (homeostasis-physiology.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (ava\_berlynn)
  /Subject (homeostasis- physiology Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3293D}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F9F1F2}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{homeostasis- physiology Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{ava\_berlynn} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/213259/cs/46403/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}ava\_berlynn \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/ava-berlynn} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 27th May, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Concepts}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Homeostasis & - the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 0)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Components of a homeostatic system & - Sensor (Receptor): Detects changes in the environment (e.g., thermoreceptors). \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & -Integrator (Control Center): Compares the detected change to a set point (e.g., hypothalamus). \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & -Effector: Produces a response to correct deviations (e.g., sweat glands, muscles). \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 0)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Negative Feedback loops & - Counteracts changes from the set point. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & - Example: Thermoregulation – if body temp rises, mechanisms lower it. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Positive Feedback Loops & - Amplify changes rather than reverse them. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & - Example: Childbirth, oxytocin increases contractions. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Set Points & - Optimal values for physiological parameters (e.g., 98.6°F for body temperature). \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Concepts (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & - Can be influenced by circadian rhythms, age, or disease. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Intrinsic Control Systems}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Intrinsic (local) control systems are "built in" to an organ or tissue. & e.g., Increased CO 2 production by exercising skeletal muscle leads to relaxation of smooth muscle and dilation of blood vessels, increased blood flow brings more O 2 \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Negative Feedback Loop}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/ava-berlynn_1748024028_Screenshot 2025-05-23 at 11.12.44 AM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Positive feedback Loop}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/ava-berlynn_1748024531_Screenshot 2025-05-23 at 11.15.12 AM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Extrinsic Control Systems}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Extrinsic control systems are contained outside of an organ or system, permitting coordinated regulation of several organs & {\bf{Example: }} Low blood pressure is detected by the nervous system, which causes an increase in heart rate and constriction of blood vessels \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Example: }}high blood glucose is detected by the endocrine system which exerts hormonal control {[}insulin{]} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fluid Exchange}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{In order to maintain homeostasis, cells exchange materials from the intracellular fluid, with the insterstitial fluid and blood (specifically plasma)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Plasma}}- & Makes up about 55\% of total blood volume, holds the blood cells in suspension. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Plasma is about 90–92\% water, the rest includes: \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & - proteins \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & -electrolytes \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & -nutrients \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & -hormones \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & -waste products \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & -clotting factors \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.23579 cm} x{1.14425 cm} x{2.19696 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Physiological Parameters}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Parameter}} & {\bf{Normal Range}} & {\bf{Regulated by}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Body \seqsplit{Temperature} & \textasciitilde{}37°C (98.6°F) & Nervous + Integumentary \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Blood pH & \seqsplit{7.35–7.45} & Respiratory + Renal \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Blood glucose & 70–110 mg/dL & Endocrine \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Blood Pressure & \textasciitilde{}120/80 mmHg & Cardiovascular + Nervous \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Plasma \seqsplit{Osmalarity} & \textasciitilde{}300 mOsm/L & Renal + Endocrine \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Calcium & \seqsplit{8.5–10.5} mg/dL & Parathyroid hormone, Calcitonin \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9154 cm} x{2.42581 cm} x{1.23579 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ex. Cardiocascular System}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Thermoregulation}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Receptors} & Thermoreceptors and Hypothalamus &  \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Control Center & Preoptic area of hypothalamus &  \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Effectors} & Blood vessels, sweat glands, muscles. &  \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Vasoconstriction}} & → heat \seqsplit{retention.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{Vasodilation}} & → heat loss. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.84149 cm} x{3.13551 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Definitions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Afferent Signal}} & Sends the information from the sensor to the control center / integrator (sometimes it is not needed if the sensor and control center are the same cell) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Efferent Signal}} & Used to send information from the control center to the effectors (cells/organs) that need to perform an action to help restore homeostasis \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Dynamic Equilibrium}} & The state of constant adjustment to maintain homeostasis, acknowledging that internal conditions fluctuate within a normal range. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}