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  /Subject (Environmental \& Occupational Health Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Environmental \& Occupational Health Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{atandi389} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/33968/cs/10621/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}atandi389 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/atandi389} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 3rd February, 2017.\\
   Updated 24th January, 2017.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Terms}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Enviro PH}}: Study of the impact that enviro exposure plays on health outcomes of the community`} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Precautionary Principle}}: If you're unsure about risks, be safe`} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Causation}}: Cant be proven`} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Hill's Criteria of Causation}}: Temporality, dose response, biological plausability, strength of effect, reverse of effect`} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Healthy Worker Effect}}: Ppl in workforce are inherently healthier than non-working`} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{POPs}}: Persistent organic pollutants - Chemicals that persist in env. \& body`} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Lipophilic}}: Stored in fat tissue (organic \{\{nl\}\} compounds)`} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Bioaccumulate}}: Builds up in body, usually lipophilic`} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Biomagnification}}: Builds up through the food chain`} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Heavy Metals}}: Naturally occurring, common in industry (ie lead, merc, arsenic, cadmium)`} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Endocrine Disruptors}}: Substances that either block, mimic, or antagonize normal hormone func.`} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Teratogenic}}: Causes mutations`} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 12
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Ionizing}}: Carcinogenic, causes mutations`} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Non-ionizing}}: Non-mutation causing`} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Lead}}: Metal, affects nerv system (poisonous @ 10 micrograms/liter of blood) `} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Idiopathic Disease}}: "Idiots" don't know what's causing it`} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Terms (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Sick Building Syndrome}}: a medical condition in which people in a building suffer from symptoms of illness temporally related to time in the building". (WHO 2005)`} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Building related symptoms}}: the acute adverse health effects of building occupants related to time spent in the specific building. \{\{nl\}\} Common BRS: headache, fatigue, eye complaints, respiratory problems`} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Building related illness}}: diagnosable illness whose cause can be directly attributed to building exposures (doesn't improve when removed from building)\{\{nl\}\}Exs: Toxicity (carbon monox poisoning), Infectious Disease (legionnaires disease, aspergiliosis), Pulmonary (occupational asthma)`} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 6)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Pathoneumonic}}: visible disease`} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Chemical half-life}}: persistence of chems in the body (blood/urine)`} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Organic \& Inorganic}}: w/ \& w/o carbon`} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Organic solvent}}: organic substance (usually liquid) that dissolves another material (all industries, common in cleaning supplies \& cosmetics`} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Environmental Exposure Heirarchy}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`Exposure isnt dose, but it is used to calc dose\{\{nl\}\}Co-exposure can confound - need to measure all`} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Environmental Exposure Heirarchy}}\{\{nl\}\} Bioactive Dose\{\{nl\}\}Internal Dose\{\{nl\}\}Personal Exposure\{\{nl\}\}Ambient Exposure\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{From top to bottom: the higher, the better the assessment. Co-exposure can confound (need to measure all)}}`} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{{\emph{How to Measure Exposure}}}} \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Type of Env.}} chem or phys (i.e. radiation, noise, heat, etc)\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Medium of Env.}} i.e air, water, soil pollution\{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Location of Env.}} i.e. ambient, work, residential\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Duration of exposure}} time avg or cross-sectional`} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Exposure -\textgreater{} Dose depends on...}} Chemical half-life (persistence in blood/urine), route of exposure (i.e. ingest vs inhale), genetics, demographics (i.e. babies \& old ppl get higher doses, cant metabolize as fast), health status \& nutrition, lifestyle/behaviors, geography (proximity to hazards)`} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Driving \& Traffic Mortality}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Traffic Mortality Stats}}`} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`\textgreater{}1.2 M deaths/yr (Israel 350/yr \%25 pedestrians) \{\{nl\}\} -Currently leading cause of ppl yrs lost \textless{} 60 (projected as 2nd cause of all deaths/yr by 2020) \{\{nl\}\} -Driving forces, pressures, stresses: econ growth, explosive growth in \# of cars`} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{What kills?}} speed, fatigue, cellphones, mass, alc, young male drivers, pedestrians (young and old)`} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\emph{1993 Israel ↑ speed limit 90 to 100kph -\textgreater{} ↑ death rate}}`} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cases}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Lead}}: 1975 ↓ lead in gas → ↓ in air → ↓ in ppl → ↓ crime \& ↑ IQ `} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Minamata Disease}}: Minamata Japan neuro disorder from severe merc poisoning: 1950 crazy cat disease → 1955 "An epidemic of an unknown disease of the central nervous system" → 1956 40 cases, 16 dead. → 1958 Vast \# children living near water (eat \& drink) thought it was food poisoning → 1959 hair samples of children in \& out of city. Found kids in city had 3x more heavy metal → 1960 figured out the heavy metal was mercury coming from Chisso Chem Company dumping heavy metal biproduct in bay that bioaccumulated in fish`} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 11)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{`Synthetic Chemical Compounds - Qs`}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What chemicals being used?  \newline What actual exposure? (concentrations, amounts, route of exposure) \newline Are exposure levels health concern?} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`200k+ can never know toxicity of all`}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Water Pollution}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Definition}}: Any chem, bio, or phys change in water quality that has a harmful effect on living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired usage`} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{{\emph{Composed of:\{\{nl\}\} Organic Chemicals}}}} oil, gas, plastics, detergents, industries \& cleaners\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Plant Nutrients}} water soluble nitrates, ammonia \& phosphates (from sewage), agriculture \& urban fertilizers\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Sediment}} soils/silts from land erosion (can disrupt photosynth, destroy spawning grounds, clog rivers \& streams)\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Inorganic Chems}} Acids \& toxic chems, often from runoff, industries \& household cleaners\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Oxygen Demanding Wastes}}: Organic waste that needs oxygen, often from animal waste, paper mills, \& food processing\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Infectious Agents}}: bacteria \& viruses, often from animal waste`} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 13)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Routes}} Industrial waste, urban runoff, groundwater contamination`} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{{\emph{How to Measure Water Quality?}}}} \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Bacterial Counts}} Fecal coliform counts from animals' intestines\{\{nl\}\}- 0 per 100ml for drinking\{\{nl\}\}- \textgreater{}200 per 100ml for swimming\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Sources}}: humans, birds, animals\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Dissolved Oxygen}}: Bio. O2 Demand (BOD) aka amount of O2 consumed by aquatic decomposers\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Chemical Analysis}}: look for presence of inorganic or organic chems.\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Suspended Sediment}}: water clarity`} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 9)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{{\emph{Drinking Water}}}}\{\{nl\}\}-Purify drinking water via heat \& UV exposure, fine cloths to filter, small amts of chlorine \{\{nl\}\}-Bottled water may get contaminated by plastics from bottle\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Basis Drinking Water Standards}}\{\{nl\}\}Primary source in toxicology \& drinking water standards\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Pros}}: control of exposure levels, living conditions, chance 4 followup, pathological testing\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Cons}}: is animal model appropriate for human effects? do exposure conditions reflect real conditions?`} \tn 
% Row Count 39 (+ 11)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
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\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Water Pollution (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{{\emph{Groundwater}}}} \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Why is groundwater pollution a serious problem?}}  Out of sight (underground) - wouldn't necessarily see it, little dilution \& dispersion, no way to cleans itself (bacteria that would work to break down pollution needs warmth and movement to move), prime source for drinking, pollutant removal is difficult\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Causes}}: Low flow rates, low O2, few bacteria, cold temps\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Prevention}}: monitor aquifers, find less hazardous subs, leak detection systems, strictly regulate hazardous waste disposal, store hazardous materials above ground so it doesn't seep into groundwater`} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 13)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Ocean Pollution Sources}}: large amounts of untreated raw sewage, leaking septic tanks, runoff, algae blooms from nutrients (i.e. red tides-create neurotoxins), dead zones, airborne toxins, oil spills`} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 5)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Solutions}} Prevent groundwater contam, greatly ↓ nonpoint runoff, reuse treated wastewater for irrigation, substitutes for toxic pollutants, treat sewage naturally, 4 rs (refuse, reduce, recycle, reuse), ↓ resource waste, ↓ air pollution, ↓ poverty, ↓ birthrates, fertilize w manure or compost instead of inorganic fertilizer, ↓ use of pesticides, never apply fert or pesticides near body of water, organic foods, dont dump chems or meds in drains/toilets`} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 10)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Children Not Little Adults}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Different \& unique exposures \newline Dynamic devel physiology \newline Longer life expectancy \newline Politically powerless \newline More surface area to be exposed \newline Exposed @ home, school, day-care, playground \newline Exposed to pesticide residues, wood preservatives, dust, etc. \newline Vast majority of deaths from unintentional injuries globally} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{`Physical Hazards`}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`Noise, Temp., Ergonomics, Vibration, Radiation ({\emph{All have waves}})`} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Most Common Symptom of Occupational Exposures?}} back injuries from improper lifting`} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}`{\bf{{\emph{Noise}}}}`} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)}} Cumulative: 1 in 4 workers over age of 55`} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Industries @ risk}} Petroleum, lumber, food processing (\textasciitilde{}25\% workforce maybe exposed \textgreater{} 90dB)`} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Control Measures}} 1. Engineering 2. Admin controls 3. Hearing protection`} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fields of Toxicology}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Descriptive Toxicology}} testing on lab animals/in vitro, provides info for safety eval/reqs. Used to eval risks for humans \& enviro from exposure to specific chems`} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Mechanic Toxicology}} ID \& undersand cellular, biochem, \& molecular mechs by which chemicals exert toxic effects. Useful for showing adverse outcome in lab animals is relevant to humans`} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Regulatory Toxicology}} Estab of stnrds for amt of chems permitted in air, food, industrial atmos., \& water. Oft integrates sci info from descriptive \& mech tox studies w approaches used risk assmt`} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`All used for risk assessment`}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Environmental vs...}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{ac\}\}`{\bf{Enviro}}` & \{\{ac\}\}{\bf{`Occupational}}` \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
`Larger affected population` & `Smaller affected population` \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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`Smaller concentrations` & `Higher concentrations` \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`Fewer exposures` & `More exposures` \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`Regional monitoring` & `Direct monitoring` \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{`\{\{ac\}\}Occ. health issues become enviro health issues`} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{ac\}\}`{\bf{Enviro PH}}` & \{\{ac\}\}`{\bf{Enviro MD}}` \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
`Recognizing disease in specific community` & `Recognizing disease in ind.` \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`ID env. exposures in comm.` & `ID env. exposure of the ind` \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
`Make connection btwn exposure \& disease` & `Make connection btwn exposure \& disease` \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`Reduce exposure to pollution` & `  Reduce exposure first, treat disease` \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Radiation}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Exposures to Env. Radiation}}: coal burning (power stations), phosphate industry (middle east phosphates high in uranium), household heating \& cooking (less today), gypsum phosphate (industry, less today), radon exposure (basements, underground parking, etc), nuclear energy use, nuclear disasters, watches, fluorescent signs, fire detectors, air travel, industrial use (checking pipes, bottle filling of soft drinks, density measures, ground moister detectors) \newline {\bf{Exposures to nonionizing radiation}}: smart wireless tech, WII games, remote controls, WIFI, cellphones, radars, RF radio equip, radio/tv station workers, security chips \newline {\bf{Medical irradiation}}: {\emph{diagnostic radiology}} = x-rays, CT, catheterizations, angiography, guided surgery \& {\emph{nuclear medicine}} = RA material injected IV then tracked by Gamma ray cam, heart scan, bone scan} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Climate Change}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{{\emph{Effects}}}}\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Gradual inc. in temp}} \{\{nl\}\}↑ in sea level -\textgreater{} salinated water \{\{nl\}\} tropical region ↑  -\textgreater{} malaria, dengue, etc \{\{nl\}\} ↑  air pollution -\textgreater{} cardiopulmonary, morbidity, \& mortality\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Temp extremes}} \{\{nl\}\}heat waves -\textgreater{} dehydration \& heat stroke \{\{nl\}\} drought -\textgreater{} ↓ crops \& drinkable water \{\{nl\}\} ↑ fires -\textgreater{} burn injuries, air pollution \{\{nl\}\} Cold events -\textgreater{} frost bite, hypothermia\{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Extreme climate events}} \{\{nl\}\}drowning, displacement \{\{nl\}\}  ↓ drinkable water \{\{nl\}\}  ↑ infectious diseases`} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 11)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{State of research}} very new \& active area, lack of good research (poor outcome \& exposure assessment), multiple confounders, delayed effect (need to observe population for decades)`} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
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\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Air Pollution}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Definition}} A complex mixture of gases, particulates, metals (i.e. arsenic, cadmium, merc, zinc, iron), \& bioallergens suspended in ambient air`} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Measures}}: Personal (expensive) \& Ambient (cheaper, use area monitors to estimate personal via map-red=higher exposure \& dots where ppl live)`} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Natural sources:}} pollen, fungi, dust \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Anthropogenic sources:}} point (stays in place, i.e. factory) \& mobile (i.e car, cow)`} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Criteria Air Pollutants:}} Ozone, nitro dioxide, particulate matter (PM10 \& PM 2.5), sulfur dioxide, lead`} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Particulate Matter \{\{nl\}\} Definition}} = Shmutz - Mixture of solid \& liquid particles suspended in air \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Types:}} UFP (\textless{}0.1 microns), PM2.5 (\textless{}2.5), PM10 (2.5-10) \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Where to?}} 5-10 micrometers: nasopharynx (nasal pathways) \{\{nl\}\} 3-5 Micrometers: trachea \{\{nl\}\} 2-3 micrometers: bronchial tubes \{\{nl\}\} 1-2 MMs: Bronchioles \{\{nl\}\} 0.1-1MMs: alveoli (bloodstream) \{\{nl\}\}  -Associated w ↑ pulmonary ER visits, ↓ pulmonary function\{\{nl\}\} -Needs to be 2.5 or smaller to affect heart`} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 10)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Indoor Air Quality\{\{nl\}\} Exposures}}: biomass (fuel 4 cooking/heat)-carbon monoxide \& particulates, enviro tobacco smoke (ETS), radon, VOC (volatile organ compounds), mold \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Illness}}: sick building syndrome (building related symptoms), building related illness`} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 6)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`{\bf{Problem of cooking \& heating}}: approx 50\% households worldwide \& 90\% households utilize solid fuels for cooking \& heating \{\{nl\}\} -indoor, contained, higher exp.\{\{nl\}\}-biomass fuels emit particulates, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, benzenes, formaldehyde, 1,3 butadiene, \& PAH like benzo(a)pyrene\{\{nl\}\}-2004: indoor smoke from solid fuels was attributable mort. \#10 \& attributable DALY \#9`} \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 8)
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\end{tabularx}
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}