\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
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%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
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\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Ashlyn Black (Ashlyn Black)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (c-reference.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Ashlyn Black (Ashlyn Black))
  /Subject (C Reference Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{C Reference Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Ashlyn Black (Ashlyn Black)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/20410/cs/3196/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Ashlyn Black (Ashlyn Black) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/ashlyn-black} \\
        \uline{\seqsplit{ashlynblack}.com}
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 28th January, 2015.\\
   Updated 12th May, 2016.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




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% Row 0
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% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\{\{noshy\}\}`0b11111111` & \{\{noshy\}\}binary & \{\{noshy\}\}`0B11111111` & \{\{noshy\}\}binary \tn 
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\{\{noshy\}\}`0377` & \{\{noshy\}\}octal & \{\{noshy\}\}`255` & \{\{noshy\}\}decimal \tn 
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% Row 9
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\{\{noshy\}\}`42` / `+42` & positive & \{\{noshy\}\}`-42` & negative \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}Binary notation `0b...` / `0B...` is available on GCC and most but not all C compilers.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
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% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Declaring}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\{\{nobreak\}\}`int x;` & \{\{noshy\}\}A variable. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\{\{nobreak\}\}`char x = 'C';` & \{\{noshy\}\}A variable \& initialising it. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 4
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% Row 5
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% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 6
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% Row 7
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\{\{nobreak\}\}`\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}2001\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}ASpaceOddysey;`\{\{fa-times\}\} & \{\{noshy\}\}Doesn't begin with a letter. \tn 
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% Row 8
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% Row 9
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% Row 11
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}Constants are `CAPITALISED`. Function names usually take the form of a verb eg. `plotRobotUprising()`.}  \tn 
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% Row 0
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% Row 4
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% Row 5
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% Row 7
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\{\{noshy\}\}`unsigned int` & \{\{ac\}\}2 / 4 & \{\{noshy\}\}0 to 2\textasciicircum{}16\textasciicircum{}-1 {\bf{OR}} 2\textasciicircum{}31\textasciicircum{}-1 \tn 
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% Row 10
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% Row 11
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% Row 17
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% Row 18
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\{\{noshy\}\}`unsigned long long` & \{\{ac\}\}8 & \{\{noshy\}\}0 to 2\textasciicircum{}64\textasciicircum{}-1 \tn 
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% Row 19
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\{\{noshy\}\}`signed long long` & \{\{ac\}\}8 & \{\{noshy\}\}-2\textasciicircum{}63\textasciicircum{} to 2\textasciicircum{}63\textasciicircum{}-1 \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 20
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% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 21
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{\emph{Type}} & {\emph{Bytes}} & {\emph{Value Range (Normalized)}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 22
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% Row 24
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% Row 25
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% Row 26
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% Row 28
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% Row 29
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% Row 30
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% Row 32
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% Row 33
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% Row 34
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}Some types (denoted with {\bf{OR}}) are architecture dependant. \newline  \newline There is no primitive boolean type, only zero (false, `0`) and non-zero (true, usually `1`.)}  \tn 
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% Row 3
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% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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% Row 7
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% Row 8
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% Row 9
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% Row 10
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% Row 11
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% Row 12
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% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 13
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{\emph{Type}} & {\emph{Bytes}} & {\emph{Value Range}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 14
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`bool` & 1 & `true` / `false` or `0` / `1` \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}The `stdint.h` library was introduced in C99 to give integer types architecture-independent lengths.}  \tn 
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% Row 0
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% Row 1
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% Row 2
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Declaring}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`struct strctName varName;` & \{\{noshy\}\}A variable `varName` as structure type `strctName`. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`struct strctName *ptrName;` & \{\{noshy\}\}A `strctName` structure type pointer, `ptrName`. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`struct strctName\{ type a; type b; \} varName;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Shorthand for defining `strctName` and declaring `varName` as that structure type. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 5)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`struct strctName varName = \{ a, b \};` & \{\{noshy\}\}A variable `varName` as structure type `strctName` and initialising its members. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 5)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}{\bf{Accessing}}} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`varName.x` & Member `x` of structure `varName`. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Structures (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`ptrName-\textgreater{}x` & Value of structure pointer `ptrName` member `x`. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Bit Fields}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`struct\{char a:4, b:4\} x;` & Declares `x` with two members `a` and `b`, both four bits in size (0 to 15.) \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{Array members can't be assigned bit fields.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Type Definitions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Defining}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`typedef unsigned short uint16;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Abbreviating a longer type name to `uint16`. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`typedef struct structName\{int a, b;\}newType;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Creating a `newType` from a structure. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`typedef enum typeName\{false, true\}bool;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Creating an enumerated `bool` type. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Declaring}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`uint16 x = 65535;` & Variable `x` as type `uint16`. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`newType y = \{0, 0\};` & Structure `y` as type `newType`. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Unions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Defining}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`union uName\{int x; char y{[}8{]};\}` & \{\{noshy\}\}A union type `uName` with two members, `x` \& `y`. Size is same as biggest member size. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Declaring}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`union uN vName;` & \{\{noshy\}\}A variable `vName` as union type `uN`. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Accessing}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`vName.y{[}int{]}` & Members cannot store values concurrently. Setting `y` will corrupt `x`. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}Unions are used for storing multiple data types in the same area of memory.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.84 cm} x{4.16 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Enumeration}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Defining}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`enum bool \{ false, true \};` & \{\{noshy\}\}A custom data type `bool` with two possible states: `false` or `true`. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Declaring}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`enum bool varName;` & A variable `varName` of data type `bool`. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Assigning}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`varName = true;` & Variable `varName` can only be assigned values of either `false` or `true`. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}{\bf{Evaluating}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`if(varName == false)` & Testing the value of `varName`. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.12 cm} x{4.88 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pointers}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Declaring}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`type *x;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Pointers have a data `type` like normal variables. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`void *v;` & \{\{noshy\}\}They can also have an incomplete type. Operators other than assignment cannot be applied as the length of the type is unknown. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`struct type *y;` & A data structure pointer. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`type z{[}{]};` & An array/string name can be used as a pointer to the first array element. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Accessing}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`x` & A memory address. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`*x` & Value stored at that address. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`y-\textgreater{}a` & Value stored in structure pointer `y` member `a`. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`\&varName` & Memory address of normal variable `varName`. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`*(type *)v` & \{\{noshy\}\}Dereferencing a `void` pointer as a `type` pointer. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}A pointer is a variable that holds a memory location.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arrays}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Declaring}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`type name{[}int{]};` & You set array length. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`type name{[}int{]} = \{x, y, z\};` & You set array length and initialise elements. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`type name{[}int{]} = \{x\};` & You set array length and initialise all elements to `x`. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`type name{[}{]} = \{x, y, z\};` & Compiler sets array length based on initial elements. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{Size cannot be changed after declaration.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}{\bf{Dimensions}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`name{[}int{]}` & One dimension array. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`name{[}int{]}{[}int{]}` & Two dimensional array. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}{\bf{Accessing}}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`name{[}int{]}` & Value of element `int` in array `name`. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`*(name + int)` & Same as `name{[}int{]}`. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{Elements are contiguously numbered ascending from `0`.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`\&name{[}int{]}` & Memory address of element `int` in array `name`. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`name + int` & Same as `\&name{[}int{]}`. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arrays (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{Elements are stored in contiguous memory.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}{\bf{Measuring}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`sizeof(array) / sizeof(arrayType)` & \{\{noshy\}\}Returns length of `array`. {\emph{(Unsafe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`sizeof(array) / sizeof(array{[}0{]})` & \{\{noshy\}\}Returns length of `array`. {\emph{(Safe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4.8 cm} x{3.2 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Strings}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`'A'` character & Single quotes. \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`"AB"` string & Double quotes. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\textbackslash{}0` & Null terminator. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{Strings are }}`char`{\emph{ arrays.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{ac\}\}\{\{nobreak\}\}`char name{[}4{]} = "Ash";`} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{is equivalent to}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`char name{[}4{]} = \{'A', 's', 'h', '\textbackslash{}0'\};`} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`int i; for(i = 0; name{[}i{]}; i++)\{\}`} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`\textbackslash{}0` {\emph{evaluates as false.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}Strings must include a `char` element for `\textbackslash{}0`.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.296 cm} x{2.952 cm} x{1.224 cm} x{1.728 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Escape Characters}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\textbackslash{}a` & \{\{noshy\}\}alarm (bell/beep) & \{\{nobreak\}\}`\textbackslash{}b` & \{\{noshy\}\}backspace \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\textbackslash{}f` & \{\{noshy\}\}formfeed & \{\{nobreak\}\}`\textbackslash{}n` & \{\{noshy\}\}newline \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\textbackslash{}r` & \{\{noshy\}\}carriage return & \{\{nobreak\}\}`\textbackslash{}t` & \{\{noshy\}\}horizontal tab \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\textbackslash{}v` & \{\{noshy\}\}vertical tab & \{\{nobreak\}\}`\textbackslash{}\textbackslash{} ` & \{\{noshy\}\}backslash \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\textbackslash{}'` & \{\{noshy\}\}single quote & \{\{nobreak\}\}`\textbackslash{}"` & \{\{noshy\}\}double quote \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\textbackslash{}?` & \{\{noshy\}\}question mark &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\textbackslash{}nnn` & \{\{noshy\}\}Any octal ANSI character code. &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
`\textbackslash{}xhh` & \{\{noshy\}\}Any hexadecimal ANSI character code. &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Declaring}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`type/void funcName({[}args...{]})\{ {[}return var;{]} \}`} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{Function names follow the same restrictions as variable names but must {\bf{also}} be unique.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`type/void` & \{\{noshy\}\}Return value type (`void` if none.) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`funcName()` & \{\{noshy\}\}Function name and argument parenthesis. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`args...` & \{\{noshy\}\}Argument types \& names (`void` if none.) \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`\{\}` & Function content delimiters. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`return var;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Value to return to function call origin. Skip for `void` type functions. Functions exit immediately after a `return`. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 7)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{By Value vs By Pointer}}} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`void f(type x); f(y);` & \{\{noshy\}\}Passing variable `y` to function `f` argument `x` (by value.) \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`void f(type {\bf{*x}}); f({\bf{array}});` & \{\{noshy\}\}Passing an array/string to function `f` argument `x` (by pointer.) \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`void f(type {\bf{*x}}); f({\bf{structure}});` & \{\{noshy\}\}Passing a structure to function `f` argument `x` (by pointer.) \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`void f(type {\bf{*x}}); f({\bf{\&y}});` & \{\{noshy\}\}Passing variable `y` to function `f` argument `x` (by pointer.) \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`type f()\{ return x; \}` & \{\{noshy\}\}Returning by value. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`type f()\{ type x; return {\bf{\&x}}; \}` & \{\{noshy\}\}Returning a variable by pointer. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`type f()\{ {\bf{static}} type x{[}{]}; return {\bf{\&x}}; \}` & \{\{noshy\}\}Returning an \seqsplit{array/string/structure} by pointer. The `static` qualifier is necessary otherwise `x` won't exist after the function exits. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 8)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{Passing by pointer allows you to change the originating variable within the function.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Scope}}} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`int f()\{ int i = 0; \} \textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}i++;\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}`\{\{fa-times\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{`i` is declared inside `f()`, it doesn't exist outside that function.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Prototyping}}} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`type funcName(args...);`} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{Place before declaring or referencing respective function (usually before `main`.)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`type funcName({[}args...{]})` & \{\{noshy\}\}Same `type`, `name` and `args...` as respective function. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`;` & \{\{noshy\}\} Semicolon instead of function delimiters. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.04 cm} x{4.96 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{main()}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`int main(int argc, char *argv{[}{]})\{return int;\}`} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Anatomy}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`int main` & Program entry point. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`int argc` & \# of command line arguments. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`char *argv{[}{]}` & Command line arguments in an array of strings. \#1 is always the program filename. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`return int;` & Exit status (`integer`) returned to the OS upon program exit. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Command Line Arguments}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`app two 3` & Three arguments, `"app"`, `"two"` and `"3"`. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`app "two 3"` & Two arguments, `"app"` and `"two 3"`. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`main` is the first function called when the program executes.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conditional (Branching)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{if, else if, else}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`if(a) b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Evaluates `b` if `a` is true. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`if(a)\{ b; c; \}` & \{\{noshy\}\}Evaluates `b` and `c` if `a` is true. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`if(a)\{ b; \}else\{ c; \}` & \{\{noshy\}\}Evaluates `b` if `a` is true, `c` otherwise. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`if(a)\{ b; \}else if(c)\{ d; \}else\{ e; \}` & \{\{noshy\}\}Evaluates `b` if `a` is true, otherwise `d` if `c` is true, otherwise `e`. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{switch, case, break}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`{\bf{switch}}(a)\{ {\bf{case}} b{\bf{:}} c; \}` & \{\{noshy\}\}Evaluates `c` if `a` equals `b`. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`switch(a)\{ {\bf{default:}} b; \}` & \{\{noshy\}\}Evaluates `b` if `a` matches no other case. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`switch(a)\{ {\bf{case}} b{\bf{:}} {\bf{case}} c{\bf{:}} d; \}` & \{\{noshy\}\}Evaluates `d` if `a` equals either `b` or `c`. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`switch(a)\{ {\bf{case}} b{\bf{:}} c; {\bf{case}} d{\bf{:}} e; default: f; \}` & \{\{noshy\}\}Evaluates `c`, `e` and `f` if `a` equals `b`, `e` and `f` if `a` equals `d`, otherwise `f`. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`switch(a)\{ case b: c; {\bf{break;}} case d: e; {\bf{break;}} default: f; \}` & \{\{noshy\}\}Evaluates `c` if `a` equals `b`, `e` if `a` equals `d` and `e` otherwise. \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.04 cm} x{4.96 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Iterative (Looping)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{while}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`int x = 0; {\bf{while(x \textless{} 10)\{}} x += 2; {\bf{\}}}`} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{Loop skipped if test condition initially false.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`int x = 0;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Declare and initialise integer `x`. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`while()` & \{\{noshy\}\}Loop keyword and condition parenthesis. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`x \textless{} 10` & \{\{noshy\}\}Test condition. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`\{\}` & \{\{noshy\}\}Loop delimiters. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`x += 2;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Loop contents. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{do while}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`char c = 'A'; {\bf{do \{}} c++; {\bf{\} while(c != 'Z');}}`} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{Always runs through loop at least once.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`char c = 'A';` & \{\{noshy\}\}Declare and initialise character `c`. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`do` & \{\{noshy\}\}Loop keyword. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`\{\}` & \{\{noshy\}\}Loop delimiters. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`c++;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Loop contents. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`while();` & \{\{noshy\}\}Loop keyword and condition parenthesis. {\emph{Note semicolon.}} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`c != 'Z'` & \{\{noshy\}\}Test condition. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.04 cm} x{4.96 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Iterative (Looping) (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{for}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`int i; {\bf{for(i = 0; n{[}i{]} != '\textbackslash{}0'; i++)\{\}}}` (C89)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}OR} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`{\bf{for}}(int {\bf{i = 0; n{[}i{]} != '\textbackslash{}0'; i++)\{\}}}` (C99+)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{Compact increment/decrement based loop.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`int i;` & Declares integer `i`. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`for()` & \{\{noshy\}\}Loop keyword. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`i = 0;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Initialises integer `i`. {\emph{Semicolon.}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`n{[}i{]} != '\textbackslash{}0';` & \{\{noshy\}\}Test condition. {\emph{Semicolon.}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`i++` & \{\{noshy\}\}Increments `i`. {\emph{No semicolon.}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`\{\}` & \{\{noshy\}\}Loop delimiters. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{continue}}} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`int i=0; while(i\textless{}10)\{ i++; {\bf{continue;}} i-{}-;\}`} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{Skips rest of loop contents and restarts at the beginning of the loop.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{break}}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`int i=0; while(1)\{ if(x==10)\{{\bf{break}};\} i++; \}`} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{Skips rest of loop contents and exits loop.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Console Input/Output}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{nobreak\}\}`\#include \textless{}stdio.h\textgreater{}`} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Characters}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`getchar()` & \{\{noshy\}\}Returns a single character's ANSI code from the input stream buffer as an {\emph{integer}}. {\emph{(safe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`putchar(int)` & \{\{noshy\}\}Prints a single character from an ANSI code {\emph{integer}} to the output stream buffer. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Strings}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`gets(strName)` & \{\{noshy\}\}Reads a line from the input stream into a string variable. {\emph{(Unsafe, removed in C11.)}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{noshy\}\}Alternative} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`fgets(strName, length, stdin);` & \{\{noshy\}\}Reads a line from the input stream into a string variable. {\emph{(Safe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`puts("string")` & \{\{noshy\}\}Prints a string to the output stream. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Formatted Data}}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`scanf("\%d", \&x)` & \{\{noshy\}\}Read value/s (type defined by format string) into variable/s (type must match) from the input stream. Stops reading at the first whitespace. {\emph{`\&` prefix not required for arrays (including strings.)}} {\emph{(unsafe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 39 (+ 11)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Console Input/Output (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`printf("I love \%c \%d!", 'C', 99)` & \{\{noshy\}\}Prints data (formats defined by the format string) as a string to the output stream. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{noshy\}\}Alternative} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`fgets(strName, length, stdin); sscanf(strName, "\%d", \&x);` & Uses `fgets` to limit the input length, then uses `sscanf` to read the resulting string in place of `scanf`. {\emph{(safe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}The stream buffers must be flushed to reflect changes. String terminator characters can flush the output while newline characters can flush the input. \newline  \newline {\emph{Safe}} functions are those that let you specify the length of the input. {\emph{Unsafe}} functions do not, and carry the risk of memory overflow.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{File Input/Output}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`\#include \textless{}stdio.h\textgreater{}`} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Opening}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`FILE *fptr = fopen(filename, mode);`} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`FILE *fptr` & \{\{noshy\}\}Declares `fptr` as a FILE type pointer (stores stream location instead of memory location.) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`fopen()` & \{\{noshy\}\}Returns a stream location pointer if successful, `0` otherwise. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`filename` & \{\{noshy\}\}String containing file's directory path \& name. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`mode` & \{\{noshy\}\}String specifying the file access mode. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Modes} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`"r"` / `"rb"` & \{\{noshy\}\}Read existing text/binary file. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`"w"` / `"wb"` & \{\{noshy\}\}Write new/over existing text/binary file. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`"a"` / `"ab"` & \{\{noshy\}\}Write new/append to existing text/binary file. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`"r+"` / `"r+b"` / `"rb+"` & \{\{noshy\}\}Read and write existing text/binary file. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{File Input/Output (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`"w+"` / `"w+b"` / `"wb+"` & \{\{noshy\}\}Read and write new/over existing text/binary file. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`"a+"` / `"a+b"` / `"ab+"` & \{\{noshy\}\}Read and write new/append to existing text/binary file. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Closing}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`fclose(fptr);` & \{\{noshy\}\}Flushes buffers and closes stream. Returns `0` if successful, `EOF` otherwise. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Random Access}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`ftell(fptr)` & \{\{noshy\}\}Return current file position as a long integer. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`fseek(fptr, offset, origin);` & \{\{noshy\}\}Sets current file position. Returns {\emph{false}} is successful, {\emph{true}} otherwise. The `offset` is a long integer type. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 7)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{noshy\}\}Origins} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`SEEK\_SET` & \{\{noshy\}\}Beginning of file. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
`SEEK\_CUR` & \{\{noshy\}\}Current position in file. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`SEEK\_END` & \{\{noshy\}\}End of file. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{File Input/Output (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Utilities}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`feof(fptr)` & \{\{noshy\}\}Tests end-of-file indicator. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`rename(strOldName, strNewName)` & \{\{noshy\}\}Renames a file. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`remove(strName)` & \{\{noshy\}\}Deletes a file. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Characters}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`fgetc(fptr)` & Returns character read or EOF if unsuccessful. {\emph{(safe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`fputc(int c, fptr)` & Returns character written or EOF if unsuccessful. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Strings}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`fgets(char *s, int n, fptr)` & Reads `n-1` characters from file `fptr` into string `s`. Stops at `EOF` and `\textbackslash{}n`. {\emph{(safe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 5)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`fputs(char *s, fptr)` & Writes string `s` to file `fptr`. Returns non-negative on success, `EOF` otherwise. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 5)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Formatted Data}}} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`fscanf(fptr, format, {[}...{]})` & Same as `scanf` with additional file pointer parameter. {\emph{(unsafe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{File Input/Output (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`fprintf(fptr, format, {[}...{]})` & Same as `printf` with additional file pointer parameter. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{noshy\}\}Alternative} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`fgets(strName, length, fptr); sscanf(strName, "\%d", \&x);` & Uses `fgets` to limit the input length, then uses `sscanf` to read the resulting string in place of `scanf`. {\emph{(safe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 6)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Binary}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`fread(void *ptr, sizeof(element), number, fptr)` & Reads a `number` of `element`s from `fptr` to array `*ptr`. {\emph{(safe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`fwrite(void *ptr, sizeof(element), number, fptr)` & Writes a `number` of `element`s to file `fptr` from array `*ptr`. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{Safe}} functions are those that let you specify the length of the input. {\emph{Unsafe}} functions do not, and carry the risk of memory overflow.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.672 cm} x{2.964 cm} x{2.964 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Placeholder Types (f/printf And f/scanf)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`printf("\%d\%d...", arg1, arg2...);`} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt\}\}{\bf{Type}} & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{bt\}\}{\bf{Example}} & \{\{bt\}\}{\bf{Description}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\%d` or `\%i` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`-42` & \{\{noshy\}\}Signed decimal integer. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\%u` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`42` & \{\{noshy\}\}Unsigned decimal integer. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\%o` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`52` & \{\{noshy\}\}Unsigned octal integer. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\%x` or `\%X` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`2a or 2A` & \{\{noshy\}\}Unsigned hexadecimal integer. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\%f` or `\%F` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`1.21` & \{\{noshy\}\}Signed decimal float. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\%e` or `\%E` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`1.21e+9` or `1.21E+9` & \{\{noshy\}\}Signed decimal w/ scientific notation. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\%g` or `\%G` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`1.21e+9` or `1.21E+9` & \{\{noshy\}\}Shortest representation of `\%f`/`\%F` or `\%e`/`\%E`. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\%a` or `\%A` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`0x1.207c8ap+30` or \seqsplit{`0X1.207C8AP+30`} & \{\{noshy\}\}Signed hexadecimal float. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.672 cm} x{2.964 cm} x{2.964 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Placeholder Types (f/printf And f/scanf) (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`\%c` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`a` & \{\{noshy\}\}A character. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
`\%s` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`A String.` & \{\{noshy\}\}A character string. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`\%p` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}~ & \{\{noshy\}\}A pointer. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
`\%\%` & \{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`\%` & \{\{noshy\}\}A percent character. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`\%n` & \{\{noshy\}\}No output, saves \# of characters printed so far. Respective printf argument must be an integer pointer. &  \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}The pointer format is architecture and implementation dependant.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.72 cm} x{5.28 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Placeholder Formatting (f/printf And f/scanf)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`\%{[}Flags{]}{[}Width{]}{[}.Precision{]}{[}Length{]}Type`} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}{\bf{Flags}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`-` & \{\{noshy\}\}Left justify instead of default right justify. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`+` & \{\{noshy\}\}Sign for both positive numbers and negative. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\#` & \{\{noshy\}\}Precede with `0`, `0x` or `0X` for `\%o`, `\%x` and `\%X` tokens. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`space` & \{\{noshy\}\}Left pad with spaces. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`0` & \{\{noshy\}\}Left pad with zeroes. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}{\bf{Width}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`integer` & \{\{noshy\}\}Minimum number of characters to print: invokes padding if necessary. Will not truncate. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`*` & \{\{noshy\}\}Width specified by a preceding argument in `printf`. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}{\bf{Precision}}} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`.integer` & \{\{noshy\}\}Minimum \# of digits to print for `\%d`, `\%i`, `\%o`, `\%u`, `\%x`, `\%X`. Left pads with zeroes. Will not truncate. Skips values of 0. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.72 cm} x{5.28 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Placeholder Formatting (f/printf And f/scanf) (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}~ & \{\{noshy\}\}Minimum \# of digits to print after decimal point for `\%a`, `\%A`, `\%e`, `\%E`, `\%f`, `\%F` (default of 6.) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}~ & \{\{noshy\}\}Minimum \# of significant digits to print for `\%g` \& `\%G`. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}~ & \{\{noshy\}\}Maximum \# of characters to print from `\%s` (a string.) \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`.` & \{\{noshy\}\}If no `integer` is given, default of 0. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`.*` & \{\{noshy\}\}Precision specified by a preceding argument in `printf`. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}{\bf{Length}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`hh` & \{\{noshy\}\}Display a `char` as `int`. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`h` & \{\{noshy\}\}Display a `short` as `int`. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`l` & \{\{noshy\}\}Display a `long` integer. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`ll` & \{\{noshy\}\}Display a `long long` integer. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`L` & \{\{noshy\}\}Display a `long double` float. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`z` & \{\{noshy\}\}Display a `size\_t` integer. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`j` & \{\{noshy\}\}Display a `intmax\_t` integer. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.72 cm} x{5.28 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Placeholder Formatting (f/printf And f/scanf) (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`t` & \{\{noshy\}\}Display a `ptrdiff\_t` integer. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.76 cm} x{4.24 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Preprocessor Directives}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`\#include \textless{}{\bf{inbuilt}}.h\textgreater{}` & \{\{noshy\}\}Replaces line with contents of a standard C header file. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`\#include "./{\bf{custom}}.h"` & \{\{noshy\}\}Replaces line with contents of a custom header file. {\emph{Note dir path prefix \& quotations.}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`\#define NAME value` & \{\{noshy\}\}Replaces all occurrences of `NAME` with `value`. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Comments}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{// We're single-line comments! \newline // Nothing compiled after // on these lines. \newline  \newline /* I'm a multi-line comment!  \newline    Nothing compiled between \newline    these delimiters. */} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.232 cm} x{1.656 cm} x{1.656 cm} x{1.656 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{C Reserved Keywords}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\_Alignas` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`break` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`float` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`signed` \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\_Alignof` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`case` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`for` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`sizeof` \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\_Atomic` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`char` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`goto` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`static` \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\_Bool` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`const` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`if` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`struct` \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\_Complex` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`continue` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`inline` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`switch` \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\_Generic` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`default` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`int` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`typedef` \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\_Imaginary` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`do` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`long` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`union` \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\_Noreturn` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`double` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`register` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`unsigned` \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\_Static\_assert` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`else` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`restrict` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`void` \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\_Thread\_local` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`enum` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`return` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`volatile` \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`auto` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`extern` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`short` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`while` \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.232 cm} x{1.656 cm} x{1.656 cm} x{1.656 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{C Reserved Keywords (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\_A-Z...` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`\_\_...` &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{C / POSIX Reserved Keywords}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`E{[}0-9{]}...` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`E{[}A-Z{]}...` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`is{[}a-z{]}...` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`to{[}a-z{]}...` \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`LC\_{[}A-Z{]}...` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`SIG{[}A-Z{]}...` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`SIG\_{[}A-Z{]}...` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`str{[}a-z{]}...` \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`mem{[}a-z{]}...` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`wcs{[}a-z{]}...` & \{\{nobreak\}\}`...\_t` &  \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{ac\}\}\{\{link="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html\_node/Reserved-Names.html"\}\}GNU Reserved Names\{\{/link\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.84 cm} x{4.16 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Header Reserved Keywords}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Name}} & {\emph{Reserved By Library}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`d\_...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`dirent.h` \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`l\_...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`fcntl.h` \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`F\_...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`fcntl.h` \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`O\_...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`fcntl.h` \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`S\_...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`fcntl.h` \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`gr\_...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`grp.h` \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`...\_MAX` & \{\{noshy\}\}`limits.h` \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`pw\_...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`pwd.h` \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`sa\_...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`signal.h` \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`SA\_...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`signal.h` \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`st\_...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`sys/stat.h` \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`S\_...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`sys/stat.h` \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`tms\_...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`sys/times.h` \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`c\_...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`termios.h` \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`V...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`termios.h` \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`I...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`termios.h` \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`O...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`termios.h` \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`TC...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`termios.h` \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`B{[}0-9{]}...` & \{\{noshy\}\}`termios.h` \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{ac\}\}\{\{link="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html\_node/Reserved-Names.html"\}\}GNU Reserved Names\{\{/link\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Heap Space}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`\#include \textless{}stdlib.h\textgreater{}`} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Allocating}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`malloc();` & Returns a memory location if successful, `NULL` otherwise. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`type *x; x = \seqsplit{malloc(sizeof(type));`} & \{\{noshy\}\}Memory for a variable. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`type *y; y = malloc(sizeof(type) * length );` & \{\{noshy\}\}Memory for an array/string. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`struct type *z; z = \seqsplit{malloc(sizeof(struct} type));` & \{\{noshy\}\}Memory for a structure. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Deallocating}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`free(ptrName);` & Removes the memory allocated to `ptrName`. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Reallocating}}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`realloc(ptrName, size);` & Attempts to resize the memory block assigned to `ptrName`. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}The memory addresses you see are from virtual memory the operating system assigns to the program; they are not physical addresses.  \newline  \newline Referencing memory that isn't assigned to the program will produce an OS segmentation fault.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Standard Library}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{nobreak\}\}`\#include \textless{}stdlib.h\textgreater{}`} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}{\bf{Randomicity}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`rand()` & \{\{noshy\}\}Returns a (predictable) random integer between 0 and RAND\_MAX based on the randomiser seed. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`RAND\_MAX` & \{\{noshy\}\}The maximum value `rand()` can generate. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`srand(unsigned integer);` & \{\{noshy\}\}Seeds the randomiser with a positive integer. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`(unsigned) time(NULL)` & \{\{noshy\}\}Returns the computer's tick-tock value. Updates every second. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\bf{Sorting}}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`qsort(array, length, sizeof(type), compFunc);`} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`qsort()` & \{\{noshy\}\}Sort using the QuickSort algorithm. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`array` & \{\{noshy\}\}Array/string name. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`length` & \{\{noshy\}\}Length of the array/string. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`sizeof(type)` & \{\{noshy\}\}Byte size of each element. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`compFunc` & \{\{noshy\}\}Comparison function name. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Standard Library (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{compFunc}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`int compFunc( const void *a, const void b* )\{ return( *(int *)a - *(int *)b); \}`} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`int compFunc()` & \{\{noshy\}\}Function name unimportant but must return an integer. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`const void *a, const void *b` & \{\{noshy\}\}Argument names unimportant but must identical otherwise. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`return( *(int *)a - *(int *)b);` & Negative result swaps `b` for `a`, positive result swaps `a` for `b`, a result of `0` doesn't swap. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}C's inbuilt randomiser is cryptographically insecure: DO NOT use it for security applications.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.52 cm} x{4.48 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Character Type Library}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`\#include \textless{}ctype.h\textgreater{}`} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt\}\}\{\{nobreak\}\}`tolower(char)` & \{\{bt\}\}Lowercase `char`. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`toupper(char)` & Uppercase `char`. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`isalpha(char)` & True if `char` is a letter of the alphabet, false otherwise. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`islower(char)` & True if `char` is a lowercase letter of the alphabet, false otherwise. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`isupper(char)` & True if `char` is an uppercase letter of the alphabet, false otherwise. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`isnumber(char)` & True if `char` is numerical (`0` to `9`) and false otherwise. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`isblank` & True if `char` is a whitespace character (`' ', '\textbackslash{}t', '\textbackslash{}n'`) and false otherwise. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.36 cm} x{4.64 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The String Library}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`\#include \textless{}string.h\textgreater{}`} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt\}\}\{\{nobreak\}\}`strlen(a)` & \{\{bt\}\}Returns \# of `char` in string `a` as an integer. Excludes `\textbackslash{}0`. {\emph{(unsafe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`strcpy(a, b)` & Copies strings. Copies string `b` over string `a` up to and including `\textbackslash{}0`. {\emph{(unsafe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`strcat(a, b)` & Concatenates strings. Copies string `b` over string `a` up to and including `\textbackslash{}0`, starting at the position of `\textbackslash{}0` in string `a`. {\emph{(unsafe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`strcmp(a, b)` & Compares strings. Returns {\emph{false}} if string `a` equals string `b`, {\emph{true}} otherwise. Ignores characters after `\textbackslash{}0`. {\emph{(unsafe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`strstr(a, b)` & Searches for string `b` inside string `a`. Returns a pointer if successful, `NULL` otherwise. {\emph{(unsafe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{noshy\}\}Alternatives} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`strncpy(a, b, n)` & Copies strings. Copies `n` characters from string `b` over string `a` up to and including `\textbackslash{}0`. {\emph{(safe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.36 cm} x{4.64 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The String Library (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`strncat(a, b, n)` & Concatenates strings. Copies `n` characters from string `b` over string `a` up to and including `\textbackslash{}0`, starting at the position of `\textbackslash{}0` in string `a`. {\emph{(safe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`strncmp(a, b, n)` & Compares first `n` characters of two strings. Returns {\emph{false}} if string `a` equals string `b`, {\emph{true}} otherwise. Ignores characters after `\textbackslash{}0`. {\emph{(safe)}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{Safe}} functions are those that let you specify the length of the input. {\emph{Unsafe}} functions do not, and carry the risk of memory overflow.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.76 cm} x{4.24 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Time Library}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}`\#include \textless{}time.h\textgreater{}`} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}{\bf{Variable Types}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`time\_t` & \{\{noshy\}\}Stores the calendar time. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`struct tm *x;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Stores a time \& date breakdown. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{tm structure members:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`int tm\_sec` & Seconds, 0 to 59. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`int tm\_min` & Minutes, 0 to 59. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`int tm\_hour` & Hours, 0 to 23. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`int tm\_mday` & Day of the month, 1 to 31. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`int tm\_mon` & Month, 0 to 11. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`int tm\_year` & Years since 1900. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`int tm\_wday` & Day of the week, 0 to 6. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`int tm\_yday` & Day of the year, 0 to 365. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`int tm\_isdst` & Daylight saving time. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{bt\}\}{\bf{Functions}}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`time(NULL)` & \{\{noshy\}\}Returns unix epoch time (seconds since 1/Jan/1970.) \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`time(\&time\_t);` & \{\{noshy\}\}Stores the current time in a `time\_t` variable. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.76 cm} x{4.24 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Time Library (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{noshy\}\}`ctime(\&time\_t)` & \{\{noshy\}\}Returns a `time\_t` variable as a string. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{noshy\}\}`x = localtime( \&time\_t);` & \{\{noshy\}\}Breaks `time\_t` down into `struct tm` members. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.8 cm} x{5.2 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Unary Operators}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{by descending evaluation precedence}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt\}\}\{\{nobreak\}\}`+a` & \{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}Sum of `0` (zero) and `a`. (0 + a) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`-a` & \{\{noshy\}\}Difference of `0` (zero) and `a`. (0 - a) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`!a` & \{\{noshy\}\}Complement (logical NOT) of `a`. (\textasciitilde{}a) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\textasciitilde{}a` & \{\{noshy\}\}Binary ones complement (bitwise NOT) of `a`. (\textasciitilde{}a) \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`++a` & \{\{noshy\}\}Increment of `a` by `1`. (a = a + 1) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`-{}-a` & \{\{noshy\}\}Decrement of `a` by `1`. (a = a - 1) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a++` & \{\{noshy\}\}Returns `a` then increments `a` by `1`. (a = a + 1) \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a-{}-` & \{\{noshy\}\}Returns `a` then decrements `a` by `1`. (a = a - 1) \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`(type)a` & \{\{noshy\}\}Typecasts `a` as `type`. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`\&a;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Memory location of `a`. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`sizeof(a)` & \{\{noshy\}\}Memory size of `a` (or `type`) in bytes. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.04 cm} x{4.96 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Binary Operators}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{by descending evaluation precedence}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt\}\}\{\{nobreak\}\}`a * b;` & \{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}Product of `a` and `b`. (a × b) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a / b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Quotient of dividend `a` and divisor `b`. Ensure divisor is non-zero. (a ÷ b) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a \% b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Remainder of {\emph{integers}} dividend `a` and divisor `b`. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a + b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Sum of `a` and `b`. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a - b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Difference of `a` and `b`. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a \textless{}\textless{} b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Left bitwise shift of `a` by `b` places. (a × 2\textasciicircum{}b\textasciicircum{}) \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a \textgreater{}\textgreater{} b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Right bitwise shift of `a` by `b` places. (a × 2\textasciicircum{}-b\textasciicircum{}) \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a \textless{} b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Less than. True if `a` is less than `b` and false otherwise. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a \textless{}= b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Less than or equal to. True if `a` is less than or equal to `b` and false otherwise. (a ≤ b) \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 5)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a \textgreater{} b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Greater than. True if `a` is greater than than `b` and false otherwise. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.04 cm} x{4.96 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Binary Operators (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a \textgreater{}= b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Greater than or equal to. True if `a` is greater than or equal to `b` and false otherwise. (a ≥ b) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a == b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Equality. True if `a` is equal to `b` and false otherwise. (a ⇔ b) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a != b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Inequality. True if `a` is not equal to `b` and false otherwise. (a ≠ b) \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a \& b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Bitwise AND of `a` and `b`. (a ⋂ b) \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a \textasciicircum{} b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Bitwise exclusive-OR of `a` and `b`. (a ⊕ b) \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a | b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Bitwise inclusive-OR of `a` and `b`. (a ⋃ b) \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a \&\& b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Logical AND. True if both `a` and `b` are non-zero. (Logical AND) (a ⋂ b) \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a || b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Logical OR. True if either `a` or `b` are non-zero. (Logical OR) (a ⋃ b) \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.36 cm} x{4.64 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ternary \& Assignment Operators}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{by descending evaluation precedence}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt\}\}\{\{nobreak\}\}`x ? a : b;` & \{\{bt\}\}\{\{noshy\}\}Evaluates `a` if `x` evaluates as true or `b` otherwise. (if(x)\{ a; \} else \{ b; \}) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`x = a;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Assigns value of `a` to `x`. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a *= b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Assigns product of `a` and `b` to `a`. (a = a × b) \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a /= b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Assigns quotient of dividend `a` and divisor `b` to `a`. (a = a ÷ b) \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a \%= b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Assigns remainder of {\emph{integers}} dividend `a` and divisor `b` to `a`. (a = a mod b) \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a += b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Assigns sum of `a` and `b` to `a`. (a = a + b) \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a -= b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Assigns difference of `a` and `b` to `a`. (a = a - b) \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a \textless{}\textless{}= b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Assigns left bitwise shift of `a` by `b` places to `a`. (a = a × 2\textasciicircum{}b\textasciicircum{}) \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a \textgreater{}\textgreater{}= b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Assigns right bitwise shift of `a` by `b` places to `a`. (a = a × 2\textasciicircum{}-b\textasciicircum{}) \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.36 cm} x{4.64 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ternary \& Assignment Operators (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a \&= b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Assigns bitwise AND of `a` and `b` to `a`. (a = a ⋂ b) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a \textasciicircum{}= b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Assigns bitwise exclusive-OR of `a` and `b` to `a`. (a = a ⊕ b) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}`a |= b;` & \{\{noshy\}\}Assigns bitwise inclusive-OR of `a` and `b` to `a`. (a = a ⋃ b) \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{C Cheatsheet by Ashlyn Black}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ar\}\}\{\{link="http://ashlynblack.com"\}\}ashlynblack.com\{\{/link\}\}% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}