\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{ashireii (ashireii)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (science-10-unit-ii-physics.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (ashireii (ashireii))
  /Subject (Science 10: Unit II - Physics Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{81A140}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F7F9F3}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Science 10: Unit II - Physics Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{ashireii (ashireii)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/196995/cs/41463/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}ashireii (ashireii) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/ashireii} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 28th November, 2023.\\
   Updated 28th November, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{WAVES}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- {\bf{disturbances that travel through a medium or a vacuum in space}} resulting in vibrations} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- the {\bf{energy passing through a medium or a vacuum}} {\emph{creates}} the {\bf{{\emph{waves}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Mechanical Waves}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- waves that {\bf{requires a medium or any matter for it's energy to travel}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- the {\bf{energy and vibrations of these waves interact with the molecules of a medium}} that can come in the forms of {\emph{solid, liquid, and gaseous}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- {\emph{sound waves, water waves, seismic waves and slinky or spring waves}} are some examples of this type of wave} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Electromagnetic Waves}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- can {\bf{travel through both matter and vacuum}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- formed through the {\bf{interaction of electric fields and magnetic fields}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- {\emph{radio waves and microwaves}} are examples of this wave} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Oscillations}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- continuous {\emph{back-and-forth}} or {\emph{side-to-side}} movements of an object} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- waves can {\emph{produce an oscillation in the particles of the medium}} through which it travels} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Transverse Waves}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- particles are oscillating towards a direction {\emph{perpendicular}} to the direction of the wave} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- must travel through a relatively {\emph{solid medium}} because {\bf{it cannot pass through {\emph{liquid}} or {\emph{gaseous matter}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- consists of individual waves that oscillates in an {\emph{alternating upward and downward motion}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Longitudinal Waves}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- can travel through a {\emph{solid, liquid or gaseous medium}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Characteristics of a Wave}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Crest}} - the {\emph{peak}} or {\emph{highest point}} of the upward moving wave} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Trough}} - the {\emph{lowest point}} at each valley} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Normal Line}} - the {\emph{imaginary horizontal line}} in the middle of the wave} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Amplitude}} - the {\emph{distance}} between the {\emph{normal line}} and the {\emph{tip of the crest or trough}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Wavelength}} ( {\bf{λ}} ) - the {\emph{distance}} between {\emph{two crests or two trough}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Phase}} - {\emph{two wave points}} that are travelling with the {\emph{same speed, displacement and height}} towards the {\emph{same direction}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Period}} - refers to the {\emph{time}} that {\emph{one crest or trough completes one cycle}} or {\emph{travels a distance of one wavelength}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Frequency}} ( {\bf{f}} ) - the {\emph{number of full wavelengths}} travelling through a {\emph{point in space}} per {\emph{unit time}}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{the {\emph{shorter the wavelength}}, the {\emph{higher the frequency}} and {\emph{vice versa}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Speed of Wave}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{v = λf} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{velocity}} = wavelength x frequency} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{wavelength}} = velocity / frequency} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{frequency}} = velocity / wavelength} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Properties of Mechanical Waves}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Reflection}} - the {\emph{wave's frequency and wavelength}} are {\bf{simply mirrored or reflected}} by the returning wave} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Refraction}} - a wave travelling in one medium {\emph{encounters another wave}} and {\emph{bends at a different angle}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Diffraction}} - {\emph{wave passes through the open spaces or travels around the edges of the barrier}} , the {\emph{diffracted wave disperses {\bf{outwards}} and {\bf{arches}} as it travels}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Interference}} - {\emph{two waves meet along the same medium}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Constructive Interference}} - combination of {\emph{two interfering waves}} moving towards the {\emph{same direction}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Destructive Interference}} - waves are {\emph{combined and decreases each others' amplitude}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- EM WAVES} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- they propagate along {\emph{two oscillating fields}} that {\emph{lie perpendicular to each other}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- {\emph{oscillating electric fields}} - {\emph{oscillating magnetic fields}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- travels at the same speed of 3 x 10\textasciicircum{}8\textasciicircum{} m/s in a vacuum} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Light Waves}} - {\emph{most accessible EM wave}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electromagnetic Spectrum}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- classification of electromagnetic waves according to their {\emph{frequencies}} and {\emph{wavelengths}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Seven Regions of Electromagnetic Spectrum}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Radio Waves}} - longest wavelengths, the least amount of energy, 1cm to 1km, 3kHz to 300gHz} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Microwaves}} - frequencies of radio waves and microwaves overlap, highest frequency for radio waves is lowest for microwaves, 1mm to 1m, 300mHz to 300gHz} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Extremely High Frequency}} ( {\bf{EHF}} ) - 30gHz to 300gHz, 10mm to 1cm, for radio astronomy} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Super High Frequency}} ( {\bf{SHF}} ) - 3gHz to 30gHz, 1cm to 10cm, for microwave ovens} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Ultra High Frequency}} ( {\bf{UHF}} ) - 300mHz to 3gHz, 1dm to 1m, for satellite communications} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Infrared Rays}} - all objects near room temperature are capable of emitting infrared radiation, 0.74mcm to 1mm, 300gHz to 400tHz} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Far-infrared rays}} - 300gHz to 30tHz} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Mid-infrared rays}} - 30m to 120m} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Near-infrared rays}} - 120tHz to 400 tHz} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Visible Light}} - allows human eyes to see things around, 300nm to 700nm, 400tHz to 790tHz} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Ultraviolet Light}} - known as {\emph{black lights}} that are used in detecting skin diseases, 10nm to 40nm, frequency higher than visible light} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{X-rays}} - used to examine the condition of human bones, 0.01nm to 10nm, 30pHz to 30eHz} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Hard X-rays}} - penetrating numerous solid matter, energy \textgreater{}10KeV} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Soft X-rays}} - energy used in producing images of microscopic objects} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Gamma Rays}} - similar characteristics as X-rays, \textless{}10pcm, greatest energy 50KeV to 50GeV} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{REFLECTION OF LIGHT ON MIRRORS 1}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Reflection}} - when light rays is emitted by a particular source that interacts with a medium that serves as a {\emph{barrier}} which the ray of light bounces back} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Specular Reflection}} - when light hits a smooth, flat surface and reflects an image almost identical to the object} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Diffused Reflection}} - when light hits a rough, uneven surface and the reflected light rays scatter in different directions} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Law of Reflection}} - the ray of light approaching the mirror is called {\emph{incident ray}} (IR), while the bounces ray from the mirror is called {\emph{reflected ray}} (RR). at the point where the IR meets the surface of the mirror a hypothetical vertical line, perpendicular to the surface between the two rays is called {\emph{normal}} divides the angle formed by the IR and RR. the {\emph{angle of incidence}} (θi) refers to the angle formed by the incident ray and the normal, while the {\emph{angle of reflection}} (θr) refers to the angle formed by the reflected ray and the normal. {\bf{when light hits a barrier, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection}} {[} {\bf{θi = θr}} {]}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 14)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Plane Mirrors}} - made up of flat, reflective surfaces that produce a reflection that is similar to the object} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{line of sight}} - the process of directing your sight towards a certain point in space} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{lateral inversion}} - "{\emph{mirroring}}" the reflection is reversed forwards and backwards because the object and the mirror is facing each other} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{REFLECTION OF LIGHT ON MIRRORS 1 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{virtual image}} - forms when the light rays bouncing from an illuminated object appear to be meeting or converging with each other at a definite point but not actually meet} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Curved Mirrors}} - crescent-shaped mirror that is a part of a reflective sphere} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Concave Mirrors}} - reflective surface that curves inwards {[} {\emph{real image}} {]}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Convex Mirrors}} - reflective surface that bulges outwards {[} {\emph{virtual image}} {]}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{REFLECTION OF LIGHT ON MIRRORS 2}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{center of curvature}} - center of the curvature and the center of the sphere itself} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{principal axis}} - line in the middle that intersect points and divides the sphere into two hemispheres} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{vertex}} - where the axis meets the edge of the sphere or the surface of the curved mirror} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{focal point}} - marks the midpoint between the center of the curvature and the vertex} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{focal length}} - the distance between the focal point and the mirror's vertex {[}one half the radius of the curvature} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{radius of curvature}} - marking the distance between the vertex and the center of the curvature} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Ray Diagram Method}} - determines the location of images formed in curved mirrors by tracing the path of light rays passing through an object and bouncing on the surface of a mirror} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{human eyes}} - windows which light enters and enables humans to see, an inch in diameter} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{cornea}} - clear protective outer layer of the eye} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{sclera}} - white part of the eye} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{retina}} - nervous tissue composed of millions of nerve cells} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{farsightedness}} / {\bf{hyperopia}} - distant objects are much clear than nearby objects} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{nearsightedness}} / {\bf{myopia}} - nearby objects are much clear than distant objects} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{astigmatism}} - causes blurred vision due to an irregular-shaped cornea} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{microscope}} - optical instrument for magnifying the tiniest elements} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{eyepiece lens}} - makes up the top of the microscope} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{objective lenses}} - magnify the view of the specimen} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{focusing mechanisms}} - two to four objective lenses with varying magnification power} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{telescope}} - for viewing enormous but distant celestial objects} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{refracting telescope}} - use lenses to collect weak light from heavenly objects and magnify the image} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{reflecting telescope}} - use of mirrors that bend parallel light rays and make them converge into a focus} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Newtonian reflector}} - flat mirror that directs the reflected rays to an eyepiece} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Cassegrain reflector}} - primary mirror with a hole in the middle and convex secondary mirror} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Coude telescope}} - secondary convex mirror and an angled mirror} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{binoculars}} - has two small side by side telescopes} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{camera obscura}} - closed box with a tiny hole, light passes and projects inverted image} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{daguerreotype camera}} - smaller box with an ocular tube in the middle, polished silver-coated plate, light sensitive surface} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{film camera}} - late 19th to early 21st century, used convex lens and film strips} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{digital camera}} - advanced photography, 21st century, convex lens, sensor that collects pixels} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Largest Telescopes}} - Hubble Space Telescope, Extremely Large Telescope} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}