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% Document Info
\author{Ten (apollo\_10)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (anatomy-and-physiology-1-the-human-organism.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Ten (apollo\_10))
  /Subject (Anatomy \& Physiology \#1: The Human Organism Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Anatomy \& Physiology \#1: The Human Organism Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Ten (apollo\_10)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/143064/cs/30733/}}}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Ten (apollo\_10) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/apollo-10} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 2nd February, 2022.\\
   Updated 3rd February, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anatomy}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The scientific study of the {\bf{structure and relationships between body parts}}.% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Physiology}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The scientific discipline of how the body and its parts come together to {\bf{function}}.% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Structural and Functional Organization}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Chemical Level}} & Atoms combine to form molecules. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Cell Level}} & Molecules form organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, which make up cells. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Tissue Level}} & A group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Organ Level}} & Two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Organ System Level}} & A group of organs classified as one unit because of a common function/set of functions. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Organism Level}} & Any living thing considered as a whole. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Chemical → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism}  \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.54287 cm} x{3.43413 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Characteristics of Life}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{Organization}} & The scientific interrelationships among the parts of an organism and how those parts interact to perform specific functions. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Metabolism}} & The ability to use energy to perform vital functions. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Responsiveness}} & The ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make the adjustments that help maintain its life. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Growth}} & Refers to an increase in size of all or part of the organism. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 4
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{\bf{Development}} & Changes an organism undergoes through time. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 5
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{\bf{Reproduction}} & Formation of new cells or new organisms. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Homeostasis}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The ability of all living systems to {\bf{maintain stable, internal conditions no matter what changes are occurring outside the body}}.% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Four interacting components of most homeostatic mechanisms:}} \newline {\emph{Stimulus → Receptor → Control Center → Effector}} \newline {\bf{Stimulus}} - Indicates that the value of the variable has deviated from the set point/normal range. \newline {\bf{Receptor}} - Monitors the value and sends data to the control center. \newline {\bf{Control Center}} - Establishes the set point. \newline {\bf{Effector}} - Acts on the signal from the control center to move the variable back to the set point.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Homeostatic Mechanisms}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{Negative Feedback}} & {\bf{Positive Feedback}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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Serves to {\emph{reduce an excess response}} and keep a variable within the normal range. & Serves to {\emph{intensify a response}} until endpoint is reached. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
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The response {\emph{stops}} the effector. & The response {\emph{keeps}} the reaction going. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
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Ex. Temperature \& blood pressure regulation & Ex. Childbirth \& blood clotting \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Body Positions}}  \tn
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{\bf{Anatomical position}} & A person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the side, and the palms of the hands facing forward. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Supine position}} & When a person is {\emph{lying face upward}} \tn 
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{\bf{Prone position}} & When a person is {\emph{lying face downward}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Directional Terms}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{Anterior/Ventral}} & {\emph{Front}} of the body \tn 
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% Row 1
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{\bf{Posterior/Dorsal}} & {\emph{Back}} of the body \tn 
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{\bf{Superior/Cranial}} & Towards the {\emph{top}} \tn 
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{\bf{Inferior/Caudal}} & Towards the {\emph{bottom}} \tn 
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{\bf{Proximal}} & {\emph{Towards}} the trunk \tn 
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{\bf{Distal}} & {\emph{Further}} from the trunk \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
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{\bf{Medial}} & Structures {\emph{toward the midline}} \tn 
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{\bf{Lateral}} & Structures {\emph{farther away from the midline}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Planes}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{Sagittal Plane}} & Divides the body into {\emph{left and right sides}} (vertically) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Median \seqsplit{Plane/Mid-Sagittal} Plane}} & Passes through the midline of the body; divides the body into {\emph{left and right halves}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
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{\bf{Parasagittal Plane}} & {\emph{Parallel}} to the sagittal plane, but off to one side \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
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{\bf{Frontal/Coronal Plane}} & Divides the body into {\emph{front and back}} (vertically) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 4
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{\bf{Transverse/Horizontal Plane}} & Divides the body into {\emph{top and bottom}} (horizontally) \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Body Parts and Regions}}  \tn
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{\bf{Axial Parts}} & Head, neck, and trunk \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Appendicular Parts}} & Arms and legs (upper \& lower limbs) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Abdomen}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/apollo-10_1643824118_abdomen.png}}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Abdominal quadrants}} consist of {\emph{four subdivisions}}. \newline {\bf{Abdominal regions}} consist of {\emph{nine subdivisions}}.}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Body Cavities}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/apollo-10_1643825958_cavities.jpg}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\emph{two main cavities}} are called the {\bf{ventral and dorsal cavities}}. \newline  \newline {\bf{Ventral Cavity}} - Consists of the following: the {\emph{thoracic cavity}}. {\emph{abdominal cavity}}, and the {\emph{pelvic cavity}}. \newline  \newline {\bf{Dorsal Cavity}} - Contains organs lying more posterior in the body. Can be divided into {\emph{two portions}}: (1) {\bf{the upper portion or the cranial cavity}} houses the {\emph{brain}} (2) {\bf{the lower portion or vertebral canal}} houses the {\emph{spinal cord}}.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64241 cm} x{3.33459 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ventral Cavities}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Thoracic cavity}} & It is surrounded by the rib cage, separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm, and is divided into right and left parts by a median structure called {\emph{mediastinum}}. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Abdominal cavity}} & Bounded primarily by the abdominal muscles and contains the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, and the kidneys. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pelvic cavity}} & A small space enclosed by the bones of the pelvis and contains the urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, and the internal reproductive organs. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Mediastinum}} - Is a partition containing the heart, thymus, trachea, esophagus, and others. {\emph{Two lungs}} are located on each side of the mediastinum. \newline  \newline The abdominal and pelvic cavities are not physically separated and sometimes are called the {\bf{abdominopelvic cavity}}.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Serous Membranes}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/apollo-10_1643824794_serous membranes.png}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Serous membranes}} - Secrete fluid that fills the space between the parietal and visceral membranes. The serous membranes protect organs from friction. \newline  \newline {\bf{Serous membranes lining the thoracic cavity:}} \newline {\bf{Heart:}} Pericardial cavity - visceral \& parietal pericardium - pericardial fluid \newline {\bf{Lungs:}} Pleural cavity - visceral \& parietal pleura - pleural fluid \newline  \newline {\bf{Serous membranes lining the abdominopelvic cavity:}} \newline Peritoneal cavity - visceral \& parietal peritoneum - peritoneal fluid}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mesenteries \& Retroperitoneal Organs}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Mesenteries}} - Are parts of the peritoneum that hold the abdominal organs in place and provide a passageway for blood vessels and nerves to organs. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
{\bf{Retroperitoneal organs}} - Are found {\emph{behind the parietal peritoneum}} and consists of the {\emph{kidneys}},  {\emph{adrenal glands}}, {\emph{pancreas}}, {\emph{parts of the intestines}}, and the {\emph{urinary bladder}}.% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{11 Major Organ Systems}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Integumentary \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
2. Skeletal \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
3. Muscular \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
4. Lymphatic \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
5. Respiratory \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
6. Digestive \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
7. Nervous \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
8. Endocrine \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
9. Cardiovascular \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
10. Urinary \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
11. Reproductive% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Major Organs of the Body}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/apollo-10_1643825023_major organs.png}}} \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}