\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{aparso} \pdfinfo{ /Title (french.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (aparso) /Subject (French Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{3153A3} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F2F4F9} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{French Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{aparso} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/104101/cs/21311/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}aparso \\ \uline{cheatography.com/aparso} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 10th December, 2019.\\ Updated 16th December, 2019.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4177 cm} p{1.46195 cm} p{0.50124 cm} x{1.79611 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Numbers}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 0 & zero & 10 & dix \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} 1 & un & 11 & onze \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 2 & deux & 12 & douze \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} 3 & trois & 13 & treize \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 4 & quatre & 14 & quatorze \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} 5 & cinq & 15 & quinze \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 6 & six & 16 & seize \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} 7 & sept & 17 & dix-sept \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 8 & huit & 18 & dix-huit \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} 9 & neuf & 19 & dix-neuf \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4177 cm} x{1.6708 cm} p{0.4177 cm} x{1.6708 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Numbers}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 20 & vingt & & \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} 21 & vingt et un & 22 & vingt-deux \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 30 & trente & & \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} 31 & trente et un & 32 & trente-deux \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 40 & quarante & & \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} 41 & quarante et un & 42 & quarante-deux \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 50 & cinquante & & \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} 51 & cinquante et un & 52 & cinquante-deux \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 60 & soixante & & \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} 61 & soixante et un & 62 & soixante-deux \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 70 & soixante-dix & & \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} 71 & soixante et onze & 72 & soixante-douze \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 80 & quatre-vingts & & \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} 81 & quatre-vingt-un & 82 & \seqsplit{quatre-vingt-deux} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 90 & \seqsplit{quatre-vingt-dix} & & \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} 91 & \seqsplit{quatre-vingt-onze} & 92 & \seqsplit{quatre-vingt-douze} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 100 & cent & & \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} 101 & cent un & 102 & cent deux \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 200 & deux cents & & \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} 201 & deux cent un & 202 & deux cent deux \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 1000 & mille & 2000 & deux mille \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.94563 cm} x{4.03137 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Demonstrative Adjectives}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{This, That, These, Those + Noun}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Ce & Masc. Sing. \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Cet & Masc. Sing. (w/vowel) \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Cette & Fem. Sing. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Ces & Fem. \& Masc. Plural \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Questions Requiring simply a Yes or No}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Translated as "Do," "Did," "Is," "Are"}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Two Ways:} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1) Est\_ce que + Subject + Verb + end of sentence} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{2) Conjugated Verb + Subject +end of sentence} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{-3rd Person Singular: If the verb does not end with "-d" or "-i" you need to add "\_ t \_" between the verb and subject} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.60195 cm} x{1.78503 cm} x{1.19002 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Questions Soliciting More Information}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{English}} & {\bf{French}} & {\bf{Form}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Who (subject) & qui & + Verbs \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Whom (direct object) & qui (no contraction) & + Esc\_ce que... \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} What (D.O.) & que/ qu' (w/vowel) & + Esc\_ce que... \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Where & où & + Esc\_ce que... \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} When & quand/ à quelle heure & + Esc\_ce que... \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Why & pourquoi & + Esc\_ce que... \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} How & comment & + Esc\_ce que... \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} How much & combien & + Esc\_ce que... \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} How many (+noun) & combien de (+noun) & + Esc\_ce que... \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} From where & d' où & + Esc\_ce que... \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{If Preposition: \newline -Preposition + qui for people \newline -Preposition + quoi for things} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.38896 cm} x{2.58804 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Imperfect of Avoir/ Être}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Avoir}} & {\bf{Être}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} j' avais & j' étais \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tu avais & tu étais \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} il avait & il était \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} nous avions & nous étions \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} vous aviez & vous étiez \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ils avaient & ils étaient \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.74655 cm} x{4.23045 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PC and Imp. in Same Sentence}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1) The imp. is used to describe an action/event that was going on. The PC is used for the action that took place against that background and may be interrupted (we do not know if it ended).} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{Example} & She {\emph{was reading}} when {\emph{he called}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{2) Imperfect is used after the conditional (if clause)} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{Example} & {\emph{He asked me}} if {\emph{I understood}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{3) To describe a change of condition/in state of mind or a reaction/result to an event (big/dramatic change)} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{Example} & It {\emph{was}} hot and sunny that afternoon, {\emph{we were on}} the beach and all of a sudden {\emph{it rained}} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Imperatif - How to give a command}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{How?}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1) Only with the 3 subject pronouns: Tu, Nous, and Vous. Conjugate your verbs normally in the present tense} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{2) Drop the "tu," "nous," and "vous." Drop the "s" for the Tu form of ER verbs or verbs conjugated like ER verbs} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{3) If negation, the "ne pas" goes around the verb as usual.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.78712 cm} x{2.18988 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Relative Pronouns}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{When?}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- To combine two sentences or give clarifying information} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Translation}} & {\bf{Used For}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{That, Who}} & Persons \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{Which, Whom}} & Things \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{How?}}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- {\emph{Qui}} (subject)/ {\emph{Que}} (direct object) + rest of sentence} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Agreement of Past Participle with the Auxiliary Avoir}}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- The past participle will agree in number and gender with the direct object of the D.O. is in front of the auxiliary.} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{*No agreement with "en" (direct object)} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Conditional}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{When?}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- To express what would happen; if certain conditions existed: could} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{How?}}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Future stem + Imperfect endings (ais, ais, ait, ions, iez, aient)} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.58804 cm} x{2.38896 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Expressions Showing a Sudden Change}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} All of a sudden & {\emph{tout à coup}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Suddenly & {\emph{soudainement}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Then & {\emph{alors}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pronoun "Y"}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{When?}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- To replace a place/location introduced by "à" or any other prepositions (sur, dans, devant, etc.)} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- To replace "à + thing"} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{"à + person" \textgreater{} indirect object pronouns (lui/leur)} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pronoun "En"}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{How?}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Replaces Direct Object Pronouns} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{When?}}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Direct Objects introduced by 1) Partitive Articles, 2) Indefinite Articles, 3) Numbers, 4) Expressions of Quantity, 5) Objects of the Preposition "de" (de + thing/ de + infinitive)} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.87657 cm} x{1.46464 cm} p{1.23579 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Indirect Object Pronouns}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{- Compliments the Direct Object indirectly} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{When?}}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{- It tells to whom or for whom an action is performed. When a person is the indirect object of a verb, you can use a preposition "à" to indicate the action is being done to that person.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} For/To... & Him/Her & {\emph{Lui}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Them & {\emph{Leur}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Where?}}} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{The Indirect Object will be 1) In front of the conjugated verb, or 2) If conjugated verb and one infinitive, pronoun is between} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Two Pronouns in the Same Sentence}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Order}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{(1)Reflexive (2)Indirect (3)Direct (4)Y (5)En} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Exception}}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{If you have a combination of a direct object and an indirect object {\emph{lui}} or {\emph{leur}}, then the order is: (1)Direct Object (2)Lui/Leur} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.00694 cm} x{1.09848 cm} x{2.47158 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conjugation of Regular ER Verbs}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Verb}} & {\bf{Ending}} & {\bf{Translation}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Je parl & e & I... speak/am speaking \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Tu parl & es & You... \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Il parl & e & He... \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Nous parl & ons & We... \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Vous parl & ez & You... \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Ils parl & ent & They... \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.84149 cm} x{3.13551 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Special ER Verbs}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Infinitive ends in:}} & {\bf{Case}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} -ger & Nous ending is: -eons \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} -cer & Nous ending is: -çons \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} -yer & "y" changes to "i" except for Nous and Vous \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Verb}}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Acheter & Accent on "e" except for Nous and Vous \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.86963 cm} x{1.09848 cm} x{2.60889 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conjugation of IR Verbs}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Verb}} & {\bf{Ending}} & {\bf{Translation}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Je fin & is & I... finish/am finishing \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Tu fin & is & You... \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Il fin & it & He... \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Nous fin & issons & We... \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Vous fin & issez & You... \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Ils fin & issent & They... \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.05271 cm} x{1.19002 cm} x{2.33427 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conjugation of RE Verbs}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Verb}} & {\bf{Ending}} & {\bf{Translation}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Je vend & s & I... sell/am selling \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Tu vend & s & You... \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Il vend & - & He... \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Nous vend & ons & We... \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Vous vend & ez & You... \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Ils vend & ent & They... \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.08574 cm} x{1.89126 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Comparative Adjectives}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{English}} & {\bf{French}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} as adjective as & aussi adj. que \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} more adj./ adj.-er than & plus adj. que \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} less adj. than & moins adj. que \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Negations}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ne... pas & does not \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} ne... jamais & never \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ne... plus & no longer \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} ne... rien & nothing/anything \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ne... personne & no one/anyone \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{-Rule: {\emph{Ne (Verb) Pas}} \newline -In PC and Near Future, "personne" goes at the end of the sentence} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.51041 cm} x{1.14425 cm} x{1.92234 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Possessive Adjectives}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{English}} & {\bf{French}} & {\bf{Gender/Number}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{My}} & Ma & Fem. Sing. \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Mon & Masc. Sing. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} & Mes & Plural \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{Your}} & Ta & F. S. \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} (s. inf.) & Ton & M. S. \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Tes & Pl. \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{His/Her/Its}} & Sa & F. S. \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Son & M. S. \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} & Ses & Pl. \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{Our}} & Notre & F. \& M. Sing. \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} & Nos & Plural \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{Your}} & Votre & F. \& M. Sing. \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} (pl./ formal) & Vos & Plural \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{Their}} & Leur & F. \& M. Sing. \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} & Leurs & Plural \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.01388 cm} x{1.05271 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Past Tense (Passe Compose) of Regular Verbs}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Past Participle}} & {\bf{Ending}} & {\bf{Example}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} -ending in ER & é & jouer \textgreater{} joué \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} -ending in IR & i & finir \textgreater{} fini \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} -ending in RE & u & vendre \textgreater{} vendu \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{-How?: Conjugate the auxiliary verbs (avoir or être) in the present + past participle of the verb \newline -Translated as: "I played/did play" \newline -Negation: Around auxiliary} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{1.54287 cm} x{3.43413 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Preposition: À}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{In, At, On, To, With (only in food context)}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} à la & Fem. Sing. \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} à l' & Vowel or H \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} au & Masc. Sing. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} aux & Plural \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Exception}} \newline -To go to a person's place/house: à \textgreater{} chez} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{1.54287 cm} x{3.43413 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Preposition: De}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{From, About, Of}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} de la & Fem. Sing. \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} de l' & Vowel or H \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} du & Masc. Sing. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} des & Plural \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Negations}} \newline du \textgreater{} de \newline de la \textgreater{} de \newline de l' \textgreater{} d'} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reflexive Verbs}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Je me & Nous nous \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Tu te & Vous vous \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Il se & Ils se \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 0) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Reflexive}}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} I wash myself & Je me lave \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} I wash my hair & Je me lave le cheveux \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{With Negation}}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} I do not wash my hair & Je ne me lave pas les cheveux \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{If Reflexive Is Infinitive}}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} I am going to brush my hair & Je vais me brosser les cheveux \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Idioms That Are Always Reflexive}}} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} To have fun & s'amuser \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} To hurry & se dépêcher \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} To feel & se sentir (conjugated like servir, dormir, etc.) \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} To be bored & s'ennuyer \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} To use & se servir +de \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} To be called & s'appeler \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} To get mad & se fâcher \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} To take care of & s'occuper +de \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} To rest & se reposer \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{white} To go for a walk & se promener \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 1) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} To be located & se trouver \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 1) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{white} To meet & se rencontrer \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} To fight & se disputer \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Special ER Verbs}}} \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 1) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{Like achèter}} & {\emph{Accent over "e" except Nous and Vous}} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 2) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reflexive Verbs (cont)}} \tn % Row 27 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{Like s'appeler}} & {\emph{Double the "l" except for Nous and Vous}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 28 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{Like s'ennvoyer}} & {\emph{"y" becomes "i" except Nous and Vous}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 29 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Reflexive In Past}}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 30 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Like the verbs in the house:}}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 31 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{-auxiliary "to be"}}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 32 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{-past participle agrees in number and gender (except if followed by a part of the body: direct object)}}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) % Row 33 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} She washed herself & Elle s'est lavée \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 34 \SetRowColor{white} She washed her hair & Elle s'est lavé les cheveux \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 35 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{In the Past with Negation}}} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 36 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Subject + ne + reflexive pronoun + to be + pas + past participle}}} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) % Row 37 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} I did not wash myself & Je ne me suis pas lavé \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pluperfect}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Translated as: "had"}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{-\textgreater{} First in order of events} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{How?}}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Conjugate "avoir" or "être" in imperfect + past participle (needs to agree in number/ gender).} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.43873 cm} x{2.53827 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Expressions that Utilize Pluperfect}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Yesterday & Hier \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Last night & Hier soir \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Last week & La samaine dernière \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Last month & La mois dernière \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Yesterday morning & Hier matin \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Yesterday afternoon & Hier après-midi \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} One month ago & Il y a un mois \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} One week ago & Il y a une semaine \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.53367 cm} x{1.44333 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Future Simple (Future)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{When?}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- For any action that will take place in the future (shall, will, etc.)} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- After:} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{quand/ lorsque}} & when \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{dès que/ aussitôt que}} & as soon as \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{How?}}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Take the infinitive form of the verb + avoir endings (ai, as, a, ons, ez, ont).} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- If the infinitive ends with an "e," then drop the "e"} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Note the irregular stems} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Jeter \textgreater{} becomes "jetter" in future. \newline - Verbs like "acheter," \textgreater{} accent over the "e" for all forms in the future. \newline - Verbs like "s' appeler" \textgreater{} becomes "s' appeller" in future. \newline - Verbs ending in "yer" \textgreater{} "y" becomes "i" for all subject pronouns in the future.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Adjectives That Go Before the Noun}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Adjective}} & {\bf{Translation}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Petit & Small \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Grand & Big \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Joli & Pretty \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Bon & Good \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Mauvais & Bad \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Beau & Beautiful \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} Nouveau & New \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Vieux & Old \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.75434 cm} p{0.71009 cm} x{1.00248 cm} p{0.71009 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Beau/ Nouveau/ Vieux}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Masc. Sing.}} & {\bf{Plural}} & {\bf{Fem. Sing.}} & {\bf{Plural}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Beau/ Bel (w/vowel) & Beaux & Belle & \seqsplit{Belles} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Nouveau/ Nouvel (w/vowel) & \seqsplit{Nouveaux} & Nouvelle & \seqsplit{Nouvelles} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Vieux/ Vieil (w/vowel) & Vieux & Vieille & \seqsplit{Vieilles} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.73735 cm} x{2.23965 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Adjective Agreement}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Fem. Sing. & +e \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Fem. Pl. & +es \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Masc. Sing. & +s \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Irregular Feminine:}}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Long & Longue \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Blanc & Blanche \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Cher & Chére \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} Sérieux & Sérieuse \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Favori & Favorite \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} Violet & Violette \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{-Agrees in number and gender with the noun it modifies \newline Fem. Sing. \newline -Placed after the noun (except: jolt, petit, bon, etc.) \newline -Exceptions: Never Agree \newline 1)Snob, Saper, Sympa \newline 2)Orange, Marron \newline 3)Bon, Marché} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.84149 cm} x{3.13551 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Descriptive Adjectives}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{What/ Which + Noun:}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} quel & Masc. Sing. \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} quel & Masc. Sing. \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} quels & Masc. Plural \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} quelle & Fem. Sing. \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} quelles & Fem. Plural \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{The Whole/ The Entire:}}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} Tout(e) & Singular \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tous & Masc. Plural \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} toutes & Fem. Plural \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tous & Masc. Plural \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 0) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{All/ Each/ Every:}}} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sports/Hobbies}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{"To play"}} & {\bf{Sport}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Jouer + au, à la, aux & Sports w/ a ball \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Faire + du, de la & Can be used w/ All sports \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.8354 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.16956 cm} x{1.12779 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Imperfect}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{How?}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{Conjugate your verb in present \textgreater{}the nous (1st Plural) form -ons then add the imperfect endings (ais, ais, ait, ions, iez, aient)} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{When?}}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{1) To describe past continuous actions- what was going on, such as in: "I was walking"} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{2) For past habitual/ repeated actions such as in: "We used to/would sail every day"} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{3) For any descriptions of Time, Weather, Feelings/Emotions, Appearance} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{4) 95\% of time, certain verbs that denote a mental action/condition- emotional state rather than a physical state would be in imperfect.} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Mental Actions Verbs}}} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{être}} & to be & {\emph{savoir}} & to know \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{avoir}} & to have & {\emph{connaître}} & to know \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{vouloir}} & to want & {\emph{aimer}} & to like/love \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{pouvoir}} & can/able to & {\emph{préférer}} & to prefer \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{croire}} & to believe & {\emph{penser}} & to think \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{esperer}} & to hope & & \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Time expressions or adverbs often used with the imperfect:}} \newline {\emph{d'habitude}} - usually/ generally \newline {\emph{chaque jour/ tous les jours}} -every day \newline {\emph{souvent}} - often \newline {\emph{régulièrement}} - regularly \newline {\emph{toujours}} - always} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.87717 cm} x{1.08602 cm} x{0.96071 cm} x{1.2531 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Weather Expressions}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Verb}} & {\bf{Present}} & {\bf{Past}} & {\bf{Imperfect}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} To rain & Il pleut & Il a plu & Il pleuvait \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} To snow & Il neige & Il a neige & Il neigeait \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} To Freeze & Il gèle & Il a gelé & Il gelait \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Connaître vs. Savoir}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Translation: "To Know"}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Use Connaître:}}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1) When you know in the sense of "Be familiar" or "Be acquainted" with someone, something, or a place (no learning process needed).} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Use Savoir:}}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1) When you know a specific fact because you learned, memorized, or researched it.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{2) To translate: "To know how to"} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{3) When the verb "To know" is followed immediately by a clause.} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.62655 cm} x{1.58726 cm} x{1.46195 cm} p{0.50124 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{In/To/From a Place}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Masc. Country & Fem. Country & City \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} In/To & au, aux & en & à \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} From & du, des & de, d' & de \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{- Continents are feminine \newline - Most countries ending with an "e" are feminine (except "le mexique"). \newline - Countries ending with anything other than "e" are masculine.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.59264 cm} x{3.38436 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reciprocal Verbs}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Used to express an action or interaction between two or more people. They can be either a direct object or an indirect object.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{How?}}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Use the reflexive pronouns: me, te, se, nous, vous, and se. Conjugate the verb regularly.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} - Example: & They write each other \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\emph{Ils s' écrivent}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{In past tense, make the usual agreement (with the reflexive pronoun).} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Exceptions:} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1) If Direct Object follows the past participle \textgreater{} no agreement} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{2) If the verb is followed by "à" (intransitive) \textgreater{} no agreement} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Causative Faire}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{When?}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{When you do not do the action yourself, you have someone or something else do it for you.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{How?}}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{* Faire (conjugated in the appropriate tense) + Infinitive of the main verb.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{* Pronoun always in front of faire} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{* In PC, the past participle does not agree with the D.O.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{If Clauses: Si}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Senario}} & {\bf{Result Clause}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Si + Present & Must be in Present or Future \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - {\emph{Certain Fact}} & - {\emph{What will happen}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Si + Imperfect & Must be in Conditional \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - *If a condition existed & - {\emph{What would/could happen}} (Doubtful) \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.74655 cm} x{4.23045 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Imperfect of Irregular Verbs}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} aller & j'allais, tu allais, il/elle allait, nous allions, vous alliez, ils/elles allaient \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} avoir & j'avais, tu avais, il/elle avait, nous avions, vous aviez, ils/elles avaient \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} faire & je faisais, tu faisais, il/elle faisait, nous faisions, vous faisiez, ils/elles faisaient \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{pouvoir} & je pouvais, tu pouvais, il/elle pouvait, nous pouvions, vous pouviez, ils/elles pouvaient \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} venir & je venais, tu venais, il/elle venait, nous venions, vous veniez, ils/elles venaient \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} voir & je voyais, tu voyais, il/elle voyait, nous voyions, vous voyiez, ils/elles voyaient \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.34379 cm} x{3.63321 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Direct Object Pronouns}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{me}} & mes \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{te}} & you (sing.) \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{le/la}} & it/him/her \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{nous}} & we \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{vous}} & you (pl. or formal) \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} {\emph{les}} & them \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- All pronouns (except stressed: moi, toi, lui, nous, vous, eux, elles) go in front of the verb (present/PC)} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{*Never separate verb and pronouns} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- If you have a conjugated verb and an infinitive, the pronoun(s) goes between the conjugated verb and the infinitive} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 3) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- In past, pronoun goes before the auxiliary} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- {\emph{me}}, {\emph{te}}, {\emph{le/la}} + vowel or h, becomes {\emph{m'}}, {\emph{t'}}, and {\emph{l'}} respectively} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}