\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{aoife} \pdfinfo{ /Title (neurology-and-slp.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (aoife) /Subject (NEUROLOGY AND SLP Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{1AC3D6} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F0FBFC} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{NEUROLOGY AND SLP Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{aoife} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/165126/cs/34581/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}aoife \\ \uline{cheatography.com/aoife} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 11th October, 2022.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{4} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What are SLPs interested in?}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} where is the damage? & - anatomy \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} What is the function of the damaged area? & - Areas important for speech and language processing, swallowing \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} what has caused the brain damage? & - Sudden incident (potential to improve) or progressive disease (symptoms getting worse over time) \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 5) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} What are the language/ speech/ swallowing symptoms? & - What are the signs and characteristics of abnormalities ; Severity \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{- Different methods for the assessment and investigation of neurologically-based communication disorders} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nervous system}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Complex collection of nerve cells (billions) & that transmit signals between different parts of the body - allows you to do things like walking, speaking, swallowing \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Structurally – NS has TWO components & Central nervous system (CNS) - Brain (incl. cerebellum \& brain stem → image) ▪ Spinal Cord \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 5) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - Nerves outside of the brain \& spinal cord ▪ Connects CNS to limbs \& organs \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 6) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Contralateral innervation & one side of the brain essentially controls the opposite side of the body \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BROCA'S AREA \& WERNICKE'S AREA}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{BROCA'S AREA \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) Paul Broca \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1) patients who lost the ability to speak \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1) Most had lesions in posterior part of left frontal lobe \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2) in the posterior part of the frontal lobe of left hemisphere \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2) region for expressive language \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1) WERNICKE'S AREA \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1) Karl Wernicke \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1) patients with fluent speech but impaired comprehension \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2) Most had lesions in the superior part of the left temporal lobe \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2) in the superior part of the temporal lobe of left hemisphere \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2) region for receptive language% Row Count 17 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.68217 cm} x{1.75083 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anatomy and Function}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Brain & ➢ Grey matter (nerve cell bodies) \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} & ➢ Wrinkly appearance \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & ➢ Bumps – gyri \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} & ➢ Grooves – sulci and fissures \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Divided lengthways into two hemispheres & ➢left \& right \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} FRONTAL LOBE – Function & ➢Attention \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & ➢ Language production \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} & ➢ Voluntary movement \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & ➢ Behaviour and Personality \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} & ➢ Planning of movement \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & ➢ Reasoning and problem solving \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} TEMPORAL LOBE – Function & ➢ Hearing e.g., words, laughing, baby crying \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 3) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & ➢ Language comprehension \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 2) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} & ➢ Interpret other people's emotions \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 2) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} PARIETAL LOBE – Function & ➢ Processing of sensory information e.g., touch, pressure, pain, temperature, taste, position \tn % Row Count 34 (+ 5) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.68217 cm} x{1.75083 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anatomy and Function (cont)}} \tn % Row 15 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & ➢ Body orientation \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{white} OCCIPITAL LOBE – Function & ➢ Processing of visual information e.g., in reading, recognising faces/ objects \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 5) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} LANGUAGE AREAS IN THE BRAIN & ➢ Left hemisphere \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{white} & ➢ Frontal lobe (and Broca's area) vital for language and speech production \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 4) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & ➢ Temporal lobe (and Wernicke's area) vital for language comprehension \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Grey is the surface – cerebral cortex \newline Children with soft non wrinkly brains will have intellectual issues} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{common causes of acquired communication disorders}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Sudden incidences are; \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) ➢ Stroke \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1) ➢ Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1) Progressive diseases are; \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1) ➢ Alzheimer's disease \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1) ➢ Parkinson's disease \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1) ➢ Multiple Sclerosis (MS)% Row Count 7 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nervous system requires a high blood flow}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{➢ Brain made up of cells (nerve cells) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) ➢They are the key players BUT to function properly; \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2) ▪ Nerve cells depend on adequate supply of \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2) oxygen and nutrients (e.g., glucose) \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2) through a dense network of blood vessels% Row Count 9 (+ 2) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Brain lesions}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Stroke & Rapid loss of brain function due to an injury to blood vessels in the brain \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Risk factors - & Overweight - Physical inactivity - Heavy drinking - Use of illegal drugs - High blood pressure - Cigarette smoking - High cholesterol - Diabetes \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 8) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Blood supply disturbed due to & A clot (Infarct/ Ischemic stroke) - 80\% \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} & Bleeding (Haemorrhage/ Haemorrhagic stroke) - 20\% \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Blood flow is suddenly interrupted to an area of brain (↓ oxygen \& ↓ glucose) → Nerve cells begin to die \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 6) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Symptoms and effects depend on the lesion site & Vision problems \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 3) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Change of behaviour \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} & Sensory deficits \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & memory loss \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} & speech/language problems \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 2) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Brain lesions (cont)}} \tn % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{Paralysis/hemiplegia} & complete paralysis of half of the body \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} hemiparesis & weakness of one entire side of the body \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{If the stroke occurs in the left side of the brain, the right side of the body will be affected, and vice versa} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - OPEN HEAD INJURY & Sudden damage to the brain caused when the scalp/ skull is broken, fractured, or penetrated \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 5) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Damage to brain tissue and blood vessels \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} & Damage is typically widespread or diffuse to an area or areas within the brain \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 4) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} TBI - CLOSED HEAD INJURY & Results when an outside force impacts the head BUT the skull is not broken, fractured, or penetrated \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 5) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} & shaking of the brain inside the bony skull results in bruising and tearing of brain tissue and blood vessels \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 6) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Damage is typically widespread or diffuse to an area or areas within the brain \tn % Row Count 33 (+ 4) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Brain lesions (cont)}} \tn % Row 19 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} TBI – Symptoms & Effects largely dependent upon location and extent of the brain injury \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{white} & Change of behaviour \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Vision impairments \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{white} & Sensory deficits \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Paralysis, movement difficulties \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{white} & Swallowing disorders \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Speech and language problems \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.51052 cm} x{1.92248 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Progressive diseases}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE & Most common type of dementia in older adults \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Dementia & progressive deterioration in cognitive functions (e.g., thinking, communication) \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Significant loss of brain volume (nerve cell death) \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} & Incidence rising with ageing population \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Clients with Alzheimer's Disease & Inappropriate social behaviour \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} & Poor memory \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Problems performing routine tasks \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} & Problems with abstract thinking and judgement \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 3) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Confusion \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} & Speech, language and swallowing difficulties \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} PARKINSON'S DISEASE & Degeneration/ death of nerve cells leads to movement \& cognitive impairments \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 4) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} & Occurs in around 1\% of the population aged over 60 \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 3) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Symptoms & Tremor (can affect limbs + jaw, tongue, face in some cases) \tn % Row Count 32 (+ 3) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.51052 cm} x{1.92248 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Progressive diseases (cont)}} \tn % Row 13 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Absence of/ Reduced movement \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{white} & Muscle rigidity \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Stooped posture \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{white} & Dementia (40\% cases) \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS & Demyelinating disease \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{white} & ▪in which the protective cover (Myelin) of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 5) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & ▪ Disrupts the ability of the nervous system to communicate properly (i.e. information transfer affected) \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 5) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{white} & ➢ More common in women 20-40 years old \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & ➢ Cause not known (genetics \& environmental factors such as infections proposed) \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 4) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{white} Symptoms & vary depending on the lesion sites \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 2) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Fatigue \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{white} & Mobility problems \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Problems with thinking, learning and planning \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 3) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.51052 cm} x{1.92248 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Progressive diseases (cont)}} \tn % Row 26 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Speech and swallowing difficulties \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}