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% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
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\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
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% Document Info
\author{Anthony.Dominguez}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (learning-linux-command-line.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Anthony.Dominguez)
  /Subject (Learning Linux Command Line Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Learning Linux Command Line Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Anthony.Dominguez} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/202519/cs/42984/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Anthony.Dominguez \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/anthony-dominguez} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 19th April, 2024.\\
   Updated 10th April, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

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% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.128 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.964 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{General Command Syntax}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Option(s)}} & {\bf{Argument(s)}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ls}} & -ahl & /usr/bin \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{sort}} & -u & users.txt \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{grep}} & -i "needle" & heystack \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Commands}} are programs that take a particular action \newline {\bf{Options}} tell the command {\emph{how}} to operate \newline {\bf{Arguments}} tell the command {\emph{what}} to operate on}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2 cm} x{6 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Finding Help for Commands}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{man}} & {\emph{argument}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{argument}} & {\bf{-{}-help}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{apropos}} & \{\{nobreak\}\}{\emph{functionality search}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.96 cm} x{5.04 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Useful Keyboard Shortcuts}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Tab}} & Tab completion \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{Ctrl - A}} & Move to beginning of line \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Ctrl - E}} & Move to end of line \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{Ctrl - Left arrow}} & Move left one word \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Ctrl - Rig arrow}} & Move right one word \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{Ctrl - U}} & Delete from cursor to line start \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Ctrl - K}} & Delete from cursor to line end \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{Ctrl - Shift - C}} & Copy selected text to clipboard \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Ctrl - Shift - V}} & Paste text from clipboard \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{Up arrow}} & Recall previous command \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Down arrow}} & Scroll previous command \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{Ctrl - R}} & Search command history \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Ctrl - C}} & Cancel command \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.368 cm} x{1.584 cm} x{1.872 cm} x{2.376 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Commands for File Information}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Option(s)}} & {\bf{Argument(s)}} & {\bf{Description}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{file}} &  & {\emph{argument}} & Determine file type \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{stat}} &  & {\emph{argument}} & Display file status \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.4 cm} x{5.6 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Notable File System Directories}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
/ & File system root \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
/home & User home directories \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
/root & Root user's home directory \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
/etc & Common configuration files \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
/bin, /sbin & Common programs or commands \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
/lib & Shared libraries and modules \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
/mnt, /media & Standard location for mounting other file systems \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
/dev, /proc, /sys & Kernel and system information \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.24 cm} x{5.76 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Paths in Linux}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
/ & Absolute path \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
. & Current working directory \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
.. & Parent directory \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\textasciitilde{} & Current user's home directory \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textbackslash{} - {\emph{space}} & Equivalent to space key \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} x{7.2 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The File System}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
cd & Change the shell working directory \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
pwd & Print the name of File system root: / User home directories: /home Root user's home directory: /root \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{ls} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.008 cm} x{1.152 cm} x{1.368 cm} x{3.672 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The File System}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Option(s)}} & {\bf{Argument(s)}} & {\bf{Description}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{cd}} & {\emph{available}} & {\emph{new directory}} & Change the shell working directory \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{pwd}} & {\emph{available}} &  & Print the name of the current working directory \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ls}} & -lh & {\emph{directory}} & List information about the files \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{0.864 cm} x{1.008 cm} x{2.304 cm} x{3.024 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Working with Directories and Files}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Option(s)}} & {\bf{Argument(s)}} & {\bf{Description}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{mkdir}} & {\emph{available}} & {\emph{directory(ies)}} & Create the \seqsplit{directory(ies)Create} the directory(ies) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{rmdir}} & {\emph{available}} & {\emph{directory(ies)}} & Remove the directory(ies), if they are empty \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{cp}} & {\emph{available}} & {\emph{source}} - {\emph{destination}} & Copy source to destination \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{mv}} & {\emph{available}} & {\emph{source}} - {\emph{destination}} & Move source to destination \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{rm}} & -r & {\emph{file(s)}} & Remove the file(s) (recursively) \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{find}} & -name & {\emph{directory}} - {\emph{"expression*?}} & Find directory or file by name \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.008 cm} x{1.224 cm} x{2.376 cm} x{2.592 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Search for Text}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Option(s)}} & {\bf{Argument(s)}} & {\bf{Description}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{grep}} & {\emph{options}} & {\emph{"pattern*?}} {\emph{file name}} & Search for patterns in file \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.08 cm} x{1.296 cm} x{1.44 cm} x{3.384 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Tools for Text}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Option(s)}} & {\bf{Argument(s)}} & {\bf{Description}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{cat}} & {\emph{available}} & {\emph{file name}} & Concatenate to standard output \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{head}} & {\emph{available}} & {\emph{file name}} & Print the first number of something \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{tail}} & {\emph{available}} & {\emph{file name}} & Print the last number of something \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.76 cm} x{6.24 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Tools for Working with Text}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Description}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{awk}} & Often used to extract specific text from a file according to rule \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{sed}} & Often used to modify text in a command pipeline or in place \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{sort}} & Often used to sort text \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Vim and nano are very popular text editors in CLI}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.152 cm} x{1.368 cm} x{2.664 cm} x{2.016 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hard and Symbolic Links}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Option(s)}} & {\bf{Argument(s)}} & {\bf{Description}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ln}} & -s & {\emph{source file}} {\emph{link name}} & Creates a soft link \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ln}} &  & {\emph{source file}} {\emph{link name}} & Creates a hard link \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{- A hard link points to specific data (by inode) on the disk \newline - A soft link or symbolic link (symlink) points to another file}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.792 cm} x{1.944 cm} x{1.44 cm} x{3.024 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{File Permissions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{User}} & {\bf{Group}} & {\bf{Others}} & {\bf{Description}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
rwx & rwx & rwx & Up to three letters indicate the permissions for the file or directory \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 0)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Option(s)}} & {\bf{Argument(s)}} & {\bf{Description}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{chmod}} & {\emph{octal or symbolic change}} & {\emph{file or directory}} & Changes the mode of the file or directory \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{chown}} & {\emph{new owner}} & {\emph{file or directory}} & Changes the owner of the file or directory \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{chgrp}} & {\emph{new group}} & {\emph{file or directory}} & Changes the group of the file or directory \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{r: read (value of 4) \newline w: write (value of 2) \newline e: execute (value of 1) \newline  \newline u: user \newline g: group \newline o: others \newline a: all \newline  \newline Two methods to represent permissions: \newline - Octal (like 755, 644, 777) \newline - Symbolic (like a=r, g+w, and o-x)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.792 cm} x{0.936 cm} x{2.664 cm} x{2.808 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Tape Archives and Data Compression}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Option(s)}} & {\bf{Argument(s)}} & {\bf{Description}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{tar}} & -cvf & {\emph{file name}}.tar {\emph{directory}} & Creates a tape archive \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{tar}} & -caf & {\emph{file name}}.tar.gz/tar.bz2 {\emph{directory}} & Creates a compressed tape archive, the compression type depends on the extension \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{tar}} & -xf & {\emph{file name}} -C {\emph{target directory}} & Extracts a compressed tape archive inside a certain directory \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{zip}} & -r & {\emph{file name}} {\emph{directory to compress}} & Compresses a directory \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{unzip}} &  & {\emph{file name}} -d {\emph{target directory}} & Extracts a directory \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{Formats for compressed .tar files are: .tar.gz, .tgz, .tar.bz2}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.32 cm} x{5.68 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Superuser Rights}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
sudo + {\emph{command}} & Executes the command with superuser rights (requires user password) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
sudo + -s & Activates superuser rights for a period of time \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
sudo + -k & Gives up superuser rights \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.16 cm} x{5.84 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Environment Variables and PATH}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{env}} & Set some attributes in the environment \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{which}} & Locate a command \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textasciitilde{}/.bash\_profile & Bash profile (create with command {\bf{nano}}) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Inside nano, write: \newline PATH = "\$PATH : /my/custom/path : /some/other/path"}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.232 cm} x{0.936 cm} x{1.008 cm} x{3.024 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Redirection}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Stream}} & {\bf{Number}} & {\bf{Usage}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Standard Input (stdin) & 0 & Text input &  \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Standard Output (stdout) & 1 & Text \seqsplit{output} &  \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Standard Error (stderr) & 2 & Error text &  \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{{\emph{command}}}} & {\emph{number}}\textgreater{} & {\emph{file name}} & Redirects the output to the file \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{{\emph{command}}}} & {\emph{number}}\textgreater{}\textgreater{} & {\emph{file name}} & Appends the output to the file \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.96 cm} x{5.04 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Information About Linux Distribution \& Hardware}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Command}} & {\bf{Description}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ls}} -l /etc/*release & List of the files that contain information about the release \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{cat}} /etc/*release & Shows information about the two files in the release folder \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{uname}} -a & Show information about Linux Kernel \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{uname}} -r & Shows only the version of the Linux Kernel \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{free}} -h & Shows how much memory the system has \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{cat}} /proc/cpuinfo & Shows how much CPU the system has \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{lscpu}} & Shows more comprehensive information about the system's CPU \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{df}} -h & Shows how much storage the system has \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.44 cm} x{4.56 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Install and Update Software}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{apt search}} {\emph{search}} & Looks for packages whose description match the search term \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{apt show}} {\emph{package}} & Displays information about the package \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{sudo apt update}} & Retrieve an updated list of the packages from the repositories before installing new software or upgrading the software package \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{sudo apt install}} {\emph{package}} & Install the package \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{sudo apt upgrade}} & Upgrade the software package \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}