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% Document Info
\author{anonymous\_714}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (circulatory-system.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (anonymous\_714)
  /Subject (Circulatory system Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Circulatory system Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{anonymous\_714} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/197151/cs/41532/}}}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}anonymous\_714 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/anonymous-714} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 5th December, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DOUBLE CIRCULATION}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Blood passes through the heart twice in one complete circuit.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CIRCULATORY SYSTEM}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Oxygenated blood (Oxygen \& nutrients) is transported from the heart to all the body parts.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Deoxygenated blood (CO`2` \& urea) is transported from all the body parts to the heart.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1) Systemic circulation: {\emph{The heart pumps blood to all the body parts under a high pressure.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2) Pulmonary circulation: {\emph{The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs under a low pressure (small distance).}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BLOOD}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Blood plasma}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
@ The liquid part of the blood. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
@ Transport hormones, CO`2`. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
@ Contains dissolved substances {\emph{e.g.}} {\emph{Glucose, Amino acids and mineral ions.}} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
{\bf{Red blood cells}} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
@ Contains haemoglobin. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
@ Haemoglobin binds with the oxygen, forming oxyhaemoglobin. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
@ Transports oxyhaemoglobin from the lungs to the respiring tissues. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
@ Biconcave -{}-\textgreater{} large surface area -{}-\textgreater{} rapid rate of diffusion of oxygen in \& out of the cell. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
@ No organelles -{}-\textgreater{} more room for haemoglobin to carry more oxygen. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
@ Very small -{}-\textgreater{}haemoglobin comes close to every cell -{}-\textgreater{} rapid exchange of oxygen with tissue fluid then the body cells. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 3)
@ Flexible -{}-\textgreater{} squeeze through narrow capillaries. \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
{\bf{White blood cells}} \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
@ Part of the immune system. \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
@ Kill bacteria. \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
@ Lymphocytes \& phagocytes. \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
{\bf{Platelets}} \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
@ Prevent the bleeding \& entry of pathogens when the skin's cut. \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 2)
@ "Injured sites activate platelets so it release Thrombokinase which converts inactive prothrombin to active thrombin. Thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin that forms a mesh/network that dries to be a scab."% Row Count 32 (+ 5)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{TISSUE FLUID}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{@ Site of exchange of substances. \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
@ Supplies the cells with nutrients \& oxygen. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
@ Takes waste products {\emph{e.g. CO`2` \& urea.}} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
@ Plasma moves through the pores between the cells \& become a tissue fluid. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
@ The old tissue fluid diffused through the lymphatic vessel, called lymph.% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LYMPH}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{@ A milky liquid. \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
@ Carried by the lymph vessels. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
@ Made up of substances from 3 sources: \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
{\emph{\_Tissue fluid that hasn't been absorbed at the venous end of the capillary (10\% of tissue fluid).}} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
{\emph{\_Fatty acids absorbed in ileum through lacteal.}} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
{\emph{\_Lymphocytes from lymph nodes found along the lymph vessels.}} \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
@ Lymph is then returned back to the blood before getting into the heart through the lymph vessels. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
@ Lymph vessels: Tiny blind ended vessels that allow the tissue fluid to flow in but not out through valves in their walls.% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{STRUCTURE OF BLOOD VESSELS}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Arteries}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
@ Transport blood {\bf{A}}way from the heart. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
@ High pressure. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
@ Thick walls -{}-\textgreater{} withstand the high pressure. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
@ Narrow lumen -{}-\textgreater{} to maintain the pressure. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
@ Walls -{}-\textgreater{} elastic \& stretchable (contains elastic fibres). \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
{\bf{Veins}} \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
@ Transport blood from the body to the heart. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
@ Low pressure. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
@ Wide lumens \& thin walls -{}-\textgreater{} minimize the resistance of the blood. \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
@ Contain valves -{}-\textgreater{} unidirect the blood \& prevent its backflow. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
{\bf{Capillaries}} \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
@ The smallest blood vessels. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
@ Get blood from the arteries as close as possible to the tissues, to exchange materials with the cells \& to link between the arteries and veins. \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 3)
@ One cell thick -{}-\textgreater{} to shorten the diffusion distance. \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 2)
@ Have pores -{}-\textgreater{} to allow plasma out, for easier exchange.% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{The blood in leg veins ascend their way against gravity by:}} \newline = The negative pressure in the heart/right atrium/thorax/chest. \newline = The valves' mechanism of preventing the backflow of blood. \newline = The muscles in the leg squeeze the veins.}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{THE HEART}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/anonymous-714_1701639027_The heart.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- The left side -{}-\textgreater{} Oxygenated. \newline - The right side -{}-\textgreater{} Deoxygenated. \newline                    (LORD)}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{THE HEART'S MECHANISM}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Atrial systole}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
@ The cardiac muscles in the atrial walls contract / Muscles in ventricle walls remain relaxed. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
@ Atria contract, developing a high pressure that exceeds the pressure in ventricles, forcing the blood in the atria to open the atrioventricular valves and pass to the ventricles. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 4)
{\bf{Ventricular systole}} \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
@ Ventricles contract \& atria relax, increasing the blood pressure and pushing it out of the heart. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
@ As soon as the pressure in the ventricles becomes greater than the pressure in the atria, this difference in pressure pushes the atrioventricular valves shut, preventing the blood from going back into the atria. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 5)
@ The pressure inside the ventricles exceeds the pressure of aorta \& pulmonary artery, causing the semilunar valves to open. Blood then gets transported from the right ventricle to the lungs, through the pulmonary artery \& from the left ventricle to all the body parts, through aorta.% Row Count 21 (+ 6)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Systole = contraction.}} \newline {\bf{Diastole = relaxation.}}}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CORONARY HEART DISEASE}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{@ The coronary artery is the artery that supplies the heart with oxygen \& nutrients. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
@ If it gets blocked, it will stop beating (it needs oxygen and nutrients to obtain energy to pump the blood. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
@ It can get blocked by 2 ways: \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
1) Fatty deposits {\emph{on the long run -{}-\textgreater{} narrows the lumen of the artery till it gets blocked.}} \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
2) High blood pressure. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
{\emph{Fast blood flow causes scratches in the artery wall, causing the platelets to be activated and form a mesh/network that blocks the artery.}} AKA {\bf{Atheroma}}. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 4)
{\bf{Causes}} \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
@ Fatty diet {\emph{(increases the fat level)}}. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
@ Lack of exercise {\emph{(regular exercise improves the blood flow, wearing layers of fats \& salts deposited on the walls of arteries away)}}. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 3)
@ Smoking {\emph{(nicotine increases the blood pressure)}}. \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
@ Stress. \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1)
@ Salts. \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1)
@ Hypertension. \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 1)
@ Genetics. \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 1)
{\bf{Treatment}} \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
@ Changing the lifestyle {\emph{(more exercise, avoiding diet with saturated salts, avoiding food that's rich in fats and quit smoking)}}. \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 3)
@ Aspirin. \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 1)
@ Coronary bypass {\emph{(a blocked artery is replaced with a healthy vessel that's taken from another body part)}}. \newline % Row Count 32 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CORONARY HEART DISEASE (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{@ Angioplasty {\emph{(using stents to keep the coronary artery open)}}. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
@ Heart transplant.% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}