\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Anon123}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (python.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Anon123)
  /Subject (Python Cheat Sheet)
}

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\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
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\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
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\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
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\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{86DE2F}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F7FCF2}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Python Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Anon123} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/25787/cs/6921/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Anon123 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/anon123} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 5th February, 2016.\\
   Updated 13th May, 2016.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Vocabulary}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
variable & something that can change \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
string & a list of characters \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
integer number & pos/neg natural numbers and zero \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
floating point & decimal number \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
length & the length of the string \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Modulo & Finds the remainder \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Boolean & True/False \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Syntax & Grammar/Structure of language \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
range (1,10) & the numbers 1-9 \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
range(10) & the numbers 0-10 \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.38896 cm} x{2.58804 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conditionals}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
If..... :then..... else....... & If the statement is true then do command under then else do command under else \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
while...... & While {\bf{this}} is true loop the command under the conditional \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
While True & loops forever \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
for {\bf{each item}} in {\bf{name of list}} & For every item in the list repeat the command under the loop that many times. (a string is a list too) \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Naming Conventions}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Rules for naming variables}}: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- letters \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
- numbers \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
- underscores (\_) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
- can start with {\bf{letters}} or {\bf{underscores}} ONLY \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
- NO SPACES \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
{\bf{Valid names}}: \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
- {\bf{\_}}mystr \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
- my3 \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
Hello\_there \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
{\bf{Invalid names}}: \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
- {\bf{3}}my= "hi" -{}- cannot start with number \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
- first{\bf{ }} name = "hi" -{}- no spaces allowed \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
- first{\bf{-}}name -{}- dashes are not accepted% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lists}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\#this is how you maek a list in python \newline  \newline shoppinglist = {[}'coke zero', 'bacon', 'water', 'jelly', 'gummy bears'{]} \newline  \newline print (shoppinglist) \newline  \newline print (shoppinglist{[}0{]}) \newline \#prints the first item of the list \newline  \newline list\_num = 0 \newline  \newline while list\_num \textless{} len(shoppinglist): \newline     print ("List:", shoppinglist{[}list\_num{]}) \newline     list\_num =list\_num+1 \newline      \newline  \newline \#for loop-{}-\textgreater{} same as the above \newline     \#For every item in that list we're going to print it. \newline  \newline for item in shoppinglist: \newline     print (item) \newline  \newline  \newline  \newline numbers = range(1,5) \newline \#print up until less then the last number. \newline for item in numbers: \newline     print (item) \newline  \newline \# a string is a list of characters, letters, numbers, etc. \newline  \newline mystr = "hello" \newline  \newline for letter in mystr: \newline     print (letter)} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Adding strings number}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{mystring = "" \newline count = 0 \newline while count \textless{} 5: \newline     mystring = mystring + str(count) \newline     print (mystring) \newline     count = count + 1} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.54747 cm} x{4.42953 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Symbols}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
== & equal to \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
!= & not equal to \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textless{} & less than \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\textless{}= & less than or equal to \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textgreater{} & greater than \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\textgreater{}= & greater than or equal to \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
+ & add \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
- & subtract \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
* & multiply \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
/ & divide and quotient is float \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
// & divide and quotient is integer \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
** & exponent \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\% & modulo: the remainder \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
{[}...{]} & The position of the item in the list or the letter in a word \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.59264 cm} x{3.38436 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Multiplication \& Exponents}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
string * string & CRASH!!! \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
string * number & combines the strings multiple time \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
number * number & math (multiply) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
string ** number & CRASH!!! \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
number ** number & Exponent(Math) \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
string ** number & CRASH!!! \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Even/odd using counters}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{even\_value = 0 \newline odd\_value = 0 \newline while True: \newline     user\_input = input("Enter a positive number: ") \newline     number = int(user\_input) \newline     if number \textless{} 0: \newline         print ("There were ", even\_value ,"even numbers and there were " , odd\_value ,"odd numbers.") \newline         break \newline     if number \% 2 == 0: \newline         even\_value = even\_value + 1 \newline     else: \newline         odd\_value = odd\_value +1} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.04057 cm} x{2.93643 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Addition}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
string + string & squishes them together \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
string + number & crash \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
number + number & math(addition) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Area of circle}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{def areaofCircle(r): \newline     if r \textless{}= 0: \newline         return "Error: invalid radius" \newline      \newline     pi = 3.1415 \newline     area = pi{\emph{(r}}*2) \newline     return (area) \newline user\_radius = input('Enter the radius: ') \newline radius = float(user\_radius) \newline print("The area of the circle is", areaofCircle(radius))} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{fibonacci}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{num1= 0 \newline num2=1 \newline mystr = '0' \newline  \newline while num1 + num2 \textless{} 89: \newline     Fibonacci = num1 +num2 \newline      \newline     num1= num2 \newline      \newline     num2=Fibonacci \newline     mystr= mystr+"," + str(num1) \newline print (mystr)} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{def calc(num1, num2, operation): \newline      \newline     if operation == "sum": \newline         return sum(num1, num2) \newline  \newline     elif operation == "product": \newline         return product(num1, num2) \newline  \newline     elif operation == "diff": \newline         return diff(num1, num2) \newline  \newline     elif operation == "div": \newline         return div(num1, num2) \newline  \newline      \newline def sum(a, b): \newline     return a+b \newline  \newline def product(a, b): \newline     return a*b \newline  \newline      \newline def diff (a, b): \newline     return a-b \newline      \newline  \newline      \newline def div(a, b): \newline     if b == 0: \newline         return ("Error") \newline     elif b != 0: \newline         return a/b \newline      \newline  \newline      \newline  \newline print (calc(1,2,"sum")) \newline print (calc(4,2, "diff")) \newline print (calc (9,0, "div")) \newline print (calc (2,12, "product")) \newline  \newline calc(1, 2, "sum")} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.59264 cm} x{3.38436 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
print() & displays information on the screen \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
input() & receives info from the user \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
int() & converts the value into an integer \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
str() & converts the value to a string \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
float() & converts the value to a floating point \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
len() & The length of the string \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\# & One line comment not include in code \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
''' & Multi-line comment \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
def \seqsplit{name(variable):} & defines a block as in subbing the name for lines of commands. The variable in the parentheses can be replaced by inputing the desire value into those parentheses. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 6)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
range (100) & range of numbers from 0 to one less then that. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Spelling a string out in reverse code}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{word = input("Type in an word: ") \newline reverse = "" \newline for letter in word: \newline     reverse = letter + reverse \newline print ("Reverse: ", reverse)} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{This prints the true or false value using boolean}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{print(True) \newline print (2\textless{}3) \newline print (2 != 2)} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Countdown Code}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{user\_number = input("Please enter a number: ") \newline  \newline number = int(user\_number) \newline  \newline countdown\_string = "" \newline  \newline while number \textgreater{} 0: \newline     countdown\_string = countdown\_string + " " + str(number) \newline     number = number-1  \newline  \newline print (countdown\_string)} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{palindrome and efficient loops}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{def isPalindrome(word): \newline      \newline      \newline     letter\_num =0 \newline     while letter\_num \textless{} len(word)-1-letter\_num: \newline          \newline         if word{[}letter\_num{]} == word{[}len(word)-1-letter\_num{]}: \newline             letter\_num = letter\_num +1 \newline              \newline         else: \newline             return False \newline     return True \newline      \newline while True: \newline     user\_input = input("Please type in a word: ") \newline     if user\_input == "quit": \newline         break \newline     \#print \seqsplit{(isPalindrome(user\_input))} \newline     myvalue = \seqsplit{isPalindrome(user\_input)} \newline     if myvalue == True: \newline         print (user\_input + " is a palindrome.") \newline     elif myvalue == False: \newline         print (user\_input + " is not a palindrome.")} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{list loops \#2}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{word = input("Type in an word: ") \newline reverse = "" \newline for letter in word: \newline     reverse = letter + reverse \newline """ \newline letter\_num = 0 \newline  \newline reverse = '' \newline  \newline while letter\_num \textless{} len(word): \newline     reverse = (word{[}letter\_num{]} + reverse) \newline     letter\_num = letter\_num + 1 \newline """ \newline  \newline      \newline  \newline print ("Reverse: ", reverse)} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}