\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{anarayana} \pdfinfo{ /Title (french-revolution-and-napolean.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (anarayana) /Subject (French Revolution and Napolean Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{25A3A3} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F1F9F9} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{French Revolution and Napolean Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{anarayana} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/50274/cs/13877/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}anarayana \\ \uline{cheatography.com/anarayana} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 10th December, 2017.\\ Updated 12th December, 2017.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Beginning of the Revolutionary Era}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\} {\bf{Impact of American Revoltion on Europe}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Confirmed Legitmiacy of Englightenment ideas and showed that ideas could actually created a new government} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Army officers such as {\emph{Marquis de Lafayette}} influenced the early stages of the French Rev when soliders returned to France with ideas of individual liberties, republicanism, and poular soverignity} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3 branches of govternment established that involved seperation of powers and a Consistutation including a Bill of Rights} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{French Revoltuion has a bigger impact to Europe since it was more radical in its efforts to construct a new political and social order} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.34379 cm} x{3.63321 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Estates of the {\emph{Ancien Regime/Old Regime}}}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}First Estate:Clergy} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{Characteristics} & Church owned about 10\% of land, divided since there was clergy from aristocrats but also poor clergy \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{Privilages} & Extemptions from the taille(land tax) \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}Second Estate:Nobility} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{Characteristics} & About 25\% of land owned and made up about 2\% of the population, nobility held many important positions in govt, military, law, and church and was divided between sword nobility and robe nobility \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 7) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{Privilages} & Tax exemptions and other privilages such as power and money \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 3) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}Third Estate:Commoners} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{Characteristics} & made up of the Bourgeoisie, City Workers, and peasants, and made up about 97\% percent of the population but most owned no land and had forced obligations to nobles \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 6) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Included skilled town dwellers who lost purchasing power dur to the rising cost of bread, leading to mob actions \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 4) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{Bourgeoisie} & the middle class who were part of the third estate and controlled trade, manufactoring, and finance, but excluded from social and political privilages by nobles \tn % Row Count 35 (+ 6) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Problems facing the French Monarchy}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Bad Harvests & caused food shortages, rising food prices, and increase unemployment in cities \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Poverty & 1/3 of the country poor and higher rates in the country \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Ideas of Philosophes & Ideas circulated among bourgeiosie and noble elite causing privilages and insituations to come under criticism {\bf{Rousseau a major influence}} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 7) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Failure to make Reforms & Parliament blocked royal decrees and acted as "defenders of liberty" aginst the monarchy but ended up pushing their own interests \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 6) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\} Financial Crisis:an immediate cause of the revolution} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Mouting Debt & Government expeditures grew because of war and spending, causing the governemnt to keep on borrowing money with not enough taxes, ended up causing 1/2 of spending to be on interest and private lenders refussing borrowing more \tn % Row Count 33 (+ 11) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Problems facing the French Monarchy (cont)}} \tn % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Calonne's "assembly of notables" & wanted a complete change of fiscal and administrative systems but group and government refused to cooperate and caused more problems \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} Summoning of Esates General & Nobility was forced to call meant that nation's consent was needed for taxes \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 4) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Jacquis Necker & exposed the inadequncies of the monarchy's monetary policies, viewed as the first steps twoeard reform \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Culture and Society in the Enlightenment}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Rococo art & grace and gentle action, curves, interlaced designs, secular pursuit of pleasure, hapiness and love. Ex. Watteau who drew views of aristocractic life with sadness underneath and Neucann whose Barquoe Bococo work was used in palaces and churches, Bishop's place as a spirtul adn secuular themes were interchangable \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 15) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Neoclassicism & Emerges in France, recaptues the dignity and simplicity of the Classical style, ex. The Oath of Horatii in which 3 brothers swore an oath to scarficice lives for country, moral seriousness and emphasis on honor and patriotism \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 11) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Music on soceity & Handal and Bach-Barquoe, Hayndn and Mozart-Classical, music depended on patron, Bach-music to worship God, Handel-Public peices, Hayden and Mozart-orchestral huge and unusual pieices , best known music with the invention of religious music even though music was very secular \tn % Row Count 40 (+ 14) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Culture and Society in the Enlightenment (cont)}} \tn % Row 3 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} modern novel & novel was to write friction with no rules on how to write and growing focus on sentimental and emotional \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{white} high culture and popular culture & High Culture-literary and aritistic world of educated and wealthy, Popular culture-writeen and unwritten lore of masses passed orally, new literature aimed more at populat culture \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 9) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 18th century education & schools for elites, largely concentrated on latin and greek classics, schools for girls focued on religion and domestic skills \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 6) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{white} death penalty & upper class execututed by simple beheadings but lower classes were subject to torture \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 5) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Impact of On Crimes and Punishment & opposing captial punishment and in favor of imprisonment, lead to a decline in corporal and captial punishments and prisons \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 6) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Culture and Society in the Enlightenment (cont)}} \tn % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Hierarchy of medicine & physicans, surgeons, apothecaries \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} Ascpects of popular culture & carnival-indulgences, before lent, festivals-varierty of celebrations, special occassions, Taverns-gathering place of common people \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 7) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Literary rates & upper class more literature with peasants part of popular culuture, hierachy rates of peasants increasing \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Esates General Beginning}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Composition of Estates-General & Representives of 3 estates with the 3rd estate having twice the delegates that included legal and urban representives \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Cahiers de doleances advocate consistutional government & grievances drawn by the 3rd estates that petion the monarchy for changes \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Estates General meets and questions about voting occurs & Voting by order meant aristocractic control while voting by head meant each representive which was supportedby bourgerosis and some nobles who were influenced by the American Revolution and wanted reform involving reason and utility \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 12) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.38896 cm} x{2.58804 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{National Assembly}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Abbe Sieyes "What is the 3rd Estate?" & The 3rd estate had double representation so they could turn the estates into a single chamber legislative. The feeling was not completly wide spread since some wanted change in respect to the king \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 10) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} National Assembly declared June 17 & the 3rd estate responded on the question on how to vote by declaring themselves as the National Assembly and deciding to create a consistuation \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 8) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Tennis Court Oath-June 20 & Swore to make a consistuation that lead to the King threating to dissovle the Esates-General. Considered the first steps of the French Revolution since the 3rd estate had no legal right to act as the National Assembly \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 11) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.43873 cm} x{2.53827 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Intervention of Common People}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Commoners would be mobilized to support whatever party's interest \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} attack on the Bastile, July 14th & an urban uprsing, causing the King to increase the number of troops, angering the public. Prison surrunder symbolized a great victory for the Revolution and a Triump over despotism. King accepted the reality which signaled the collapse of royal authority \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 13) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Marquis de Lafayette & appointed commander of the National Gaurd,a citizen milita, by the King \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Popular Revolutions in numerous cities & collpase of royal authoity paralled with peasant rebellions in countryside \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 4) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Peasant Rebellions and the Great Fear & resentment of the seigneur system, peasant rebellions with a panic that fears of invasion \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Destruction of the Old Regime}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Seigneurial Rights abolished & destroyed the relics of feudalism, support for abolishment to calm the peasants and abolishment for the principle of equality \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 7) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen & reflected the ideas of philosophies and owed to the Decleration of Independence, natural rights and life, property, security, and resistance, equal rights for all men \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 9) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Olympe de Gouges and the Decleration of the Rights of Women and Female Citizens & women have the same rights as men and the National Assembly ignored women \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} The Women's March to Versailles & women march for bread to Versailles and then the Royal family forced to move to Paris, example of how crowd influenced politics \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 7) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.38896 cm} x{2.58804 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Social Order of the 18th century}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Peasants made up 85\% of the European population} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Difference between peasants and serfs & peasants were tenant farmers who owed tithes and fees and were controlled by nobles while serfs were bound to a lord's estate and had to work on the lord's land \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 8) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Lifestyle of European nobility & played an important role in military and governemtn with having the best roles, government offices gave them noble status and land \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 7) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Aristocractic way of life & nobles lived on country estates and did not participate in court as much, travel an important part of life and a major part of education \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 7) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Problems that arose in urban areas & High death rates among children because of living conditions, overcrowing because of immigrants, poverty because of lack of jobs \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 7) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.43873 cm} x{2.53827 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Economic Expanison}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Regional breakdown of population growth & Overall large population growths in russia, france, prussia, and britain \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Reasons for population growth & decline of death rate because of increase in food and new crops, end of bubonic plague, more women married and better living conditiosn \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 7) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Shift in child care & childhood become an important part of child life, child dressed more like kids, breast feeding more commone, infanticide comabated by establishing founduling homes \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 9) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Differences in marraige & lower classes marreid later to save money for household, upper class marrying the same time as previous but less children \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 7) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.04057 cm} x{2.93643 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Religion and the Churches}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Area Protestant and Catholic & Protestant:Scandinavia and north german states, england, scotland, and united provinces, Catholic-Spain, Protugal, France, Italy \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Downfall of Jesuits & Their power lead to enemeies and nationalization of church meant controlling Jesuits and thus kicked out of the church and dissolved \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 6) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} pogroms & jewish communities looted and massacred \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} pietism & movement in Germany that goals was to foster a personal experience with God as the focus of a true relgious experience and helped challenge the growth of diesm \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 7) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} John Wesley & everyone should experience God and open their doors to his grace which lead to Methodism and the revival of Christanity and the need for a spirtual experience \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 7) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.43873 cm} x{2.53827 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Opposition from Abroad}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Decleration of Pillnitz & by austria and prussia that other European powers should help put the French king back in power \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} decleration of war on Austria & people wanted wat since Reactionaries hoped it would cool the Revolution and lead to the old Regime, lefists hoped war would consolidate the Revolution and spread \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 9) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Marseillaise becomes a national anthem & French war song sung when national graudsmen called to defend Paris \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{sans-culottes(without} breaches) & defear in war and economics cauased popular groups, power passed from assembly to Paris commune which was mostly made of them \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 7) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} insecuration in Aug 1792 & groups attached the King and legislative and wanted a national convention to choose future government \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 6) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Radical Revolution}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Paris Commune lead by George Danton-excutes suspected traitors & sought revenge for those who helped the King, Treachery fears increased by Prussia army on France \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} National Convention meets in Septemeber & acts as soverign ruling body in France \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Universal Male Suffrage & everymale included \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} abolition of the monarchy & establishment of a republic \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} spilt into fractions-Girondins and the \seqsplit{"Mountain"(Montagnards)} & over fate of the King, both members of the Jacobins \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Catholic Church}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Land confiscated to issue assignats & based on collateral of nationalized chruch property and Church secularized \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Civil Constitution of the Clergy & the clergy elected by the people and paid by the state, forced to accept the Civil Constitution, Church now enemy of the Revolution \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 7) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Constitution of 1791}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Establishment of a Constitution monarchy with real powers residing in the Legislative Assembly & King had few powers and Legislative assembly elected by a few affluent members of society \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} distinction of active and passive citizens & active citizens were 25 yrs old or above, pay taxes and vote for electors who chose deputies who payed even more taxes \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 6) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Administrative restructuring & France divided into equal departments with district and communities with officals, government was mostly in the hands of bourgeiosie \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 7) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Opposition from Within}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Clerics & angered by the Civil Constituation of the Clergy \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Lower Classes & hurt by the rising cost of living because of assignats inflation \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Peasants & opposed to dues not abandoned \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} radical political club, the Jacobins, created to offer new solutions & formed a group all around France, members were elite of local socity \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 4) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} continuing financial pressure & tax envasion countinued, politicans still unified on trust in the King \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 4) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} King attempts to flee to Verennes & leads to the National Assembly saying he was kidnapped and 1st legislative assembly held \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Domestic Crisis and Foriegn Crisis}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} factional disputes between Girondins and Montagnards & Girondins-wanted to keep the king alive while \seqsplit{Mountagnards-interests} of Paris and strenght from radicals and populars in the city \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 7) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} execution of Louis XVI & Mountains won, destruction of old regime complete \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} counterrevolution in the Vendee & In paris, by peasants who wanted the old regime but the Commune invaded the National Conventions and executued Girondions to leave the Mountains in control \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 8) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Military Losses & French welcomed an infromal coalition of Europe but were losing and many countries poised to invade \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 5) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Committee of Public Safety seeks to mobilize the people and curb counterevolution & executive powers lead by Danton, same people reelected \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 5) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Robespierre is an important member & wanted to use power to benefit people in an abstract basis \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{More on the Radical Revolution}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} A Nation in Arms(levee en masse) & universal mobilization, used to push allies back adn conquer Netherlands \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Committee of Public Safety and Reign of Terror & Revolutionary courts organized to protect Republcis from internal enemies who did not support the revolution victims mostly royalists to revolutionary Girondins and victim \# very high, military forced used to bring cities back into control such as Marsailes and Lyons, no class predjuice among victims, Rousseus's concept of free will with 12 men tasking upon themselves to ascertain the will of France and kill enemies \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 21) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} "Republic of Virtue" & Goal:control France and create a new republican order explain war emergency measures and implement the law \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 6) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{More on the Radical Revolution (cont)}} \tn % Row 3 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Law of General Maximum & price control on necessitys, failed to work since govt could not enforce it \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{white} The Role of Womens & made sure members and deputes knew their demands, women asked the national convention for bread and were rejected, society for revolutionary women-composed mainly of working class women, women forbideen from Paris Commune because women's place was at home and raise furture poltical leaders \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 15) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} De-Christianization & part of the radical phase that aimed to create a secular socity, saint removed and chruches closed \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 5) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{white} New Calender & symbolized the opportunity to create a new government and new order, date starts from when French Republic proclaimed \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 6) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{More on the Radical Revolution (cont)}} \tn % Row 7 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Temple of Reason & left over days represent revolutionary virtues, Norte-Dame cahnged to the Temple of Reason, dechristinazation backfired since France was mainly Catholic and ended up creating more enemies than friends \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 10) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{white} Equality and Slavery: in France and colonies({\bf{Toussaint L' Overture}}) & the society friends of black advoated against slavery and when national convention came into power, governement abolished slavery in colonies, lead a revolit in Haiti and acheived independence \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 10) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Decline of the Committee of Public Safety & the law of 14 Frimaire allowed the Commitiee to centralize administration and exercise greater control to check the Region of Terror. Then the Committe turned against radical parisans which alliented a group and then Antirobesipeere coalitlon killed Robespierre \tn % Row Count 34 (+ 14) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reaction and the Directory}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Thermidorian Reaction & Terror ended, National Convention stomped power of Committee, Jacobins gone, churchs open and freedom of worship, lassiez-faire back, new consistuation reflects conservation republicanism \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 10) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Constitution of 1795 & national legislative assembly made of two chambers, lower house was council of 500 initiated legisalive and upper house of counil of elders would accept or reject laws, member choosen by electors who has to own or rent a certain amount of property \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 13) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Directory & Five director elected by the Council of Elders \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Period of stagnation and reliance on the military for political power & national convention ruled 2/3 of new members of national assembly from there which caused disturbances and inserruction lead by Napolean \tn % Row Count 33 (+ 7) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reaction and the Directory (cont)}} \tn % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Gracchus Babeuf and the Conspiracy of Equals & "what is the French Rev?", appalled at the misery of the commone people and wanted to abolish private property \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Rise of Napolean}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Background and Education & went to military school where he spent time reading the classics \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Napoleon's military carrer & Quickly rose through the ranks and saved the National Convention from the Parison mob to become Major General, defeated Austrians, paricipated in a coup etat that lead to his dictatorship \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 9) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}Napolean in control} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Republic of France proclaimed & Consituation with a bicameral legislative that reduced the role of electors \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 4) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Napolean acts as First Consuel & controlled legislative authrotiy and all ascpets of government \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{First Consul for Life}}} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} crowned Emperor Napoleon I, 1804 & retuned france to monarchy and gave stablization to the Regime \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Domestic Polices of Emperor Napolean}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Napolean and the Catholic Church & needed to reconile with Church to stablize regime and worked with Pope Pius VII to restablish the church and people , Condordatt gave state the most power with the ability to nominate bishops \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 10) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} A New Code of Laws & Code Napoleon(Civil Code) \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Preserves revolutionary gains & recognizes the principle of equality for all citizens and rights of all individuals \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 5) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} protects property and individuals & protects rights but also the empolyer \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} restores control of fathers over families & undid rights established during the Radical phase and women now less equal than men \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 5) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}The French Rureaucracy} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Centralization & elimanted locally elected assemblies and lead to new officals \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 4) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} Prefects & officals who oversaw all ascepts of a local government and depended on government for jobs \tn % Row Count 34 (+ 5) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Domestic Polices of Emperor Napolean (cont)}} \tn % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} tax collection & made sure people payed \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} meritocracy & jobs based on merit \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Napolean's growing despotism-Germaine de Stael & new aristocracy who had protection according to property rights and conscription, newspapers shut down and censoring, Germaine de Stael wrote how the government was trynical and she was banned but countinued to write \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 11) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Naopolean's Empire and European Response}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Peace of Amiens & Napolean wanted to end war to settle new govt, France got new land \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Renewal of War & War renewed with same enemies but Napolean defeted them \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} By June 1807, Napoleon's Grand Army defeated the continential members of teh coalition, giving him the opportunity to create a new European order and Treaty of Tilist & ended fighting and gave Napolean the opportunity for a new European order \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 9) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}Napolean's grand empire} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} composed of the French empire, dependent states, and allied states & allied states were those defeared by Napolean \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 4) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Napolean demanded obiedence but allowed legal eqality, relgionious tolerations, and economic freedom & Engligntment ideas, needed a common front against British and ego but clergy and nobility lost a lot of privilages \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 6) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} The Problem of Great Britians:Battle of Trafalgar and Continental System & Napolean could not defeath English sea power and Continernetal system attempted to weaken British economically but allied states helped Britiain and overseas markets \tn % Row Count 36 (+ 9) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Naopolean's Empire and European Response (cont)}} \tn % Row 7 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{Nationalism(franernite)} arises, espically in German states & formed during emphasis on brotherhood \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{white} The Fall of Napolean & lead to Louis XVIII in power \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}