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\author{Anais (Anais\_Pe)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (mesopotamia-key-case-studies.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Anais (Anais\_Pe))
  /Subject (Mesopotamia - Key Case Studies Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Mesopotamia - Key Case Studies Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Anais (Anais\_Pe)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/151793/cs/46538/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Anais (Anais\_Pe) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/anais-pe} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 2nd June, 2025.\\
   Updated 1st June, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.73275 cm} x{1.24425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Royal tombs of Ur}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Early Dynastic III, roughly contemporary with Eannatum. & {\emph{c. 2500 BCE}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Principle occupants = private graves.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Second + Third Dynasty kings and queens, provides insight on political structure of Ur.} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Also important because it could provide concrete evidence of chronology to compare to available king lists.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Most famous grave = Queen Puabi, identified by a cylinder seal she was wearing.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{(Reade, 2001)}  \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Death Pits of Ur}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Found in association with the Royal Tombs of Ur, provide insight on social organisation or Ur societies.} \tn 
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% Row 1
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Evidence included human remains, ornaments and grave goods. & Inform us about class structure, religious order and traditions (+ human sacrifice?). \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Blunt force trauma on victims in Great Death Pit suggest mass sacrifice of subjects.} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Identity of individuals = uncertain (consorts?). One pit contained only women, interpreted as a sacrifice to the moon god of Ur - Nanna.} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{General consensus is that death pits were a common practice of acient Sumerian societies.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Puabi}}'s grave = most insightful info regarding identification of cemetery occupants.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Puabi's grave = situated above death pit.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Puabi identified through elaborate and ornate headdress.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Individuals in death pit found to have overdeveloped back and leg muscles and signs of repeated knee and ankle strain -\textgreater{} chariot riders?} \tn 
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% Row 9
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Evidence of postmortem heating of skulls - indicates practice of heating/smoking bodies after death?} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Royal Tombs of Ur - Puabi}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/anais-pe_1748785025_Puabi Headdress.jpeg}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Puabi's famous headdress from the Royal Tombs of Ur.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Victory Stele of Naram-Sin}}  \tn
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{\bf{{\emph{Naram-Sin}}}} = Akkadian ruler. Significant for his deification. & {\emph{c. 2334-2154}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Evidence from inscriptions in statue base of teh deification of Naram-Sin and the erection of a temple in his honour by the people of Agade.} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Sippar stele}} (or victory stele) - represents Naram-Sin defeating Lullubi people from Zagros Mountains.} \tn 
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Represents Naram-Sin both as god and king: & - {\emph{Horned helmet }}- reserved for deities and gods, but worn here by Naram-Sin. \tn 
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 & - {\emph{Size}} - Naram-Sin is depicted bigger than all others on stele and towers over the Lullubi enemies, themselves small, broken and being stepped on. \tn 
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 & - {\emph{Shamash}} - depicted as a sun over the mountains, on the same side of the stele as Naram-Sin. Previous depictions would have separated the divine and kingship on different sides ({\emph{e.g. Eannatum and the stele of the vultures}}). \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 12)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Victory Stele of Naram-Sin (cont)}}  \tn
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Depictions of the "others" & Lullubi warriors differentiated by size and posture, but alos by different {\emph{hairstyles and dress}}. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{(Aruz {\emph{et al.}}, 2003)}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Victory Stele of Naram-Sin}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/anais-pe_1748786387_Naram Sin Victory Stele.jpg}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{References for your humble perusal}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Aruz, J. and Wallenfels, R. (eds) (2003) Art of the first cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art (Museum of Art Series).} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Reade, J. (2001) 'Assyrian King-Lists, the Royal Tombs of Ur, and Indus Origins', Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 60(1), pp. 1–29. Available at: \seqsplit{https://doi.org/10.1086/468883.}} \tn 
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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