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% Document Info
\author{Anais (Anais\_Pe)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (architecture-ancient-egypt-and-mesopotamia.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Anais (Anais\_Pe))
  /Subject (Architecture - Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia Cheat Sheet)
}

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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Architecture - Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Anais (Anais\_Pe)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/151793/cs/46341/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Anais (Anais\_Pe) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/anais-pe} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 15th May, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.84 cm} x{4.16 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Egypt - Temples}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Overview}} & - Temple = fulfilling the role of house. Entrance into the divine world, allows gods to be provided for in their spiritual form. Duty of king to maintain temples.\{\{nl\}\} - Two types of temples: {\bf{cult}} and {\bf{mortuary}} temples. \tn 
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{\bf{Old Kingdom}} \{\{nl\}\}(2686-2125 BCE) & - Early temples as arenas for royal display rather than places of worship?\{\{nl\}\} - {\bf{{\emph{Abu Ghurab}}}} - Central obelisk, alabaster altar \tn 
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{\bf{New Kingdom}}\{\{nl\}\} (1550-1069 BCE) & - {\bf{{\emph{Abu Simbel}}}} - Temple dedicated to Amon-Re during reign of Ramses II, existence of temple very much for the purpose of glorifying the king. Symbolism in the architecture targeted at elite members of society - statue over entrance that spells out Ramses' name + scenes inside the temple representing the king smiting enemies. 4 monumental statues of Ramses in the front. \tn 
% Row Count 38 (+ 19)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mesopotamia - Temples}}  \tn
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{\bf{Uruk}}\{\{nl\}\} (4\textasciicircum{}th\textasciicircum{} millennium BCE) & - Pre-mud brick - reed altars with naval processions.\{\{nl\}\} - {\bf{{\emph{Eanna complex:}}}}\{\{nl\}\} Different construction stages illustrating the development of architecture from 4\textasciicircum{}th\textasciicircum{} to 3\textasciicircum{}rd\textasciicircum{} millennium.\{\{nl\}\} Tripartite floorplan. \{\{nl\}\}  {\emph{Square building}} = latest addition to Eanna, break in homogeneity of structure - political statement, new traditions.\{\{nl\}\} Eanna as public building? Central + visible. Or as demonstration of power. \tn 
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{\bf{Early Dynastic}}\{\{nl\}\} (2900-2334 BCE) & - Rectangular + multi-levelled structure on top of mound. -{}-\textgreater{} bottom level = similar structure to Babylonian house + very restricted access.\{\{nl\}\} - {\bf{{\emph{Marduk temple}}}} - biblical tower of Babel. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 10)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mesopotamia - Temples (cont)}}  \tn
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{\bf{Ur III}}\{\{nl\}\} (2112-2004 BCE) & - Ziggurats.\{\{nl\}\} - Low homogeneity in design, continuity in building program, but no standardisation of architecture.\{\{nl\}\} Used for cultic activity, storage, court and administration. Walled off and separated from everyday life.\{\{nl\}\} {\emph{Gipparu-House}} - temple of high-priestess + used as storage room. \tn 
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{\bf{Neo-Assyrian}}\{\{nl\}\} (934-612 BCE) & - Oblong shape with court for worshippers where deity could be found \{\{nl\}\}- Deity = master of house, but shielded from view so could not be seen without entering the temple. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mesopotamia - Settlements in Sumer and Akkad}}  \tn
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{\bf{Ubaid period}}\{\{nl\}\}c.3100-1500 BCE & Small sites, with the additional emergence of larger ones e.g. Eridu and Ur. \tn 
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{\bf{Uruk period}}\{\{nl\}\} c.4000-3100 BCE & Urbanisation in Uruk through migration from surrounding regions and sedentisation of local pastoral nomadic groups. \tn 
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{\bf{Jemdet Nasr + Early Dynastic I period}}\{\{nl\}\} c. 3000-2600 BCE & Expansion of urbanism. -{}-\textgreater{} abandonment of countryside (coerced or not). \tn 
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{\bf{Early Dynastic II-III - Ur III}}\{\{nl\}\} c. 2600-2100 BCE & Standardisation + spread of cuneiform and political unification. Each city = house of a god. {\emph{e.g. Lagash}}. \tn 
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{\bf{Ur III}}\{\{nl\}\} c. 2100-1850 BCE & Followed by political decentralisation in the Isin-Larsa period. End of 3\textasciicircum{}rd\textasciicircum{} millennium = first irrigation systems. \tn 
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{\bf{Old Babylonian period}}\{\{nl\}\} c. 1850-1500 BCE & Political reunification under Hammurabi. Growth of existing cities e.g. {\emph{Nippur}} and {\emph{Ur}}. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Issues with settlement surveys: \newline Relies on assumption that physical traces are left behind on surface. Therefore tends to miss smaller sites, and requires reliance on textual sources.}  \tn 
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% That's all folks
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