\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
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\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{ambi (ambigious)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (lua-string-patterns.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (ambi (ambigious))
  /Subject (Lua string patterns Cheat Sheet)
}

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% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
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\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
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\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Lua string patterns Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{ambi (ambigious)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/195816/cs/41127/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}ambi (ambigious) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/ambigious} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 5th November, 2023.\\
   Updated 5th November, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Function Calls}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{lang-lua\}\} \newline string.find(string, pattern, startindex, nopattern)   \# returns indices \newline string.gmatch(string, pattern, startindex)            \# creates a iterator returning all matches \newline string.match(string, pattern, startindex)             \# returns the matched string \newline string.gsub(string, pattern, replace)                 \# replace can be a function or table, can use \%n to use n-th captured element} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{link="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html\#6.4.1"\}\}Manual\{\{/link\}\}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pattern Syntax}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{A {\emph{pattern}} is a list of consecutive {\emph{pattern items}}. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Adding a `\textasciicircum{}` at the start of a pattern anchors it to the start of the string, and `\$` at the end. Otherwise, they have no special meaning.% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.36 cm} x{6.64 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Character Classes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`x` & Represents `x`, where is is not `\textasciicircum{}\$()\%.{[}{]}*+-?` \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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`\%x` & Represents `x` where `x` can be anything \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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`\%l` & Lowercase letters \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`\%u` & Uppercase characters (same as `\%L`) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`\%d` & Digits \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
`\%x` & Hexadecimal digits (same as `{[}a-fA-F0-9{]}` \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 6
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`\%w` & Alphanumeric characters (same as `{[}a-Z0-9{]}`) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 7
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`\%a` & Everything \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`\%s` & Space characters \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
`\%p` & Punctuation characters \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`\%g` & Printable characters (not including space) \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
`\%c` & Control characters \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`{[}set{]}` & Union of all characters in the set, with possible character classes and RegEx style ranges \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
`{[}\textasciicircum{}set{]}` & {\emph{Inverse}} of `{[}set{]}` \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{The uppercase variant represents the {\emph{inverse}} of the set, so `\%L` represents `\%u`. \newline The dash can be included in sets by positioning it as the first or last character, and the square bracket as the first. Or just use a escape.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.8 cm} x{5.2 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pattern Item}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{A pattern item can be any of the following:} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Character Class & {\bf{1}} of the class \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Character Class with * & {\bf{≥0}} of the class, longest possible \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Character Class with - & {\bf{≥0}} of the class, shortest possible \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Character Class with + & {\bf{≥1}}  of the class \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Character Class with ? & {\bf{1 | 0}} of the class \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`\%n` & Matches the n-th captured string \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
`\%f{[}set{]}` & Frontier pattern \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`\%bxy` & Balanced match \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Frontier patterns ::: They match an empty string `""` that does {\emph{not}} precede with the set, but {\emph{does}} succeed with the set. \newline Balanced match ::: They match until the pair balances out. For example, `\%(\textgreater{}` matches entirely `(The quick br((own f\textgreater{}ox jum\textgreater{}ped over the lazy dog\textgreater{}`.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Captures}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Captures allow you specify groups. They are defined with parentheses, and they can include any valid pattern within. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
Using pattern reference we can match the same character. Note that it is {\emph{not}} reusing the pattern, it is reusing what the pattern matched. `({[}abcd{]})\%1` is {\bf{{\emph{NOT}}}} the same as `{[}abcd{]}{[}abcd{]}`. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 4)
You can also use captures to return results from `string.find` after the indices, multiple results in `string.gmatch` and `string.match`, and use in the replacement string in `string.gsub`. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 4)
The empty capture `()` represents the current index in the string.% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}