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\author{ally\_rose}
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  /Title (muscular-system.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (ally\_rose)
  /Subject (Muscular System Cheat Sheet)
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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Muscular System Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{ally\_rose} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/144074/cs/31059/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}ally\_rose \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/ally-rose} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 8th March, 2022.\\
   Updated 8th March, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of muscle tissue}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Skeletal} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{cardiac} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Smooth} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Movement of thigh and Leg}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Grouped according to anterior, medial, or posterior \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- Most anterior muscles flex femur at hip, extend leg at knee \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
- Most posterior muscles extend thigh, flex leg \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
- Medial muscles all adduct thigh \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
- All three groups enclosed by fascia late \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
- Include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
- Thigh flexor pass in front of hip joint  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
   - liposoas: primary mover of flexion \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
    - Tensor fasciae latae \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
    - Rectus femoris  \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
    - Assisted by medial adductors and sartorial  \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
Thigh extensor  \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
   - Hamstring muscles: prime movement of extension \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2)
- Quadricep femoris arise from four separate heads that form the flesh of front and side of thigh \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2)
- All insert into the quadricep tendon which then inserts into the patella, ad then via patellar ligament, into the livid tuberosity  \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 3)
- powerful knee extensor% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Smooth Muscle}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Smooth Muscle Tissue: Found in walls of hollow organs} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{not striated} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Involuntary: cannot be controlled consciously} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.21133 cm} x{1.21133 cm} p{0.71009 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{4 Main characteristics of Muscle Tissue}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Excitability} & \seqsplit{Contractility} & \seqsplit{Extensibility} & \seqsplit{Elasticity} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Ability to receive and respond to stimuli & Ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated & \seqsplit{Ability} to be \seqsplit{stretched} & Ability to recoil to resting length \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Compression of abdominal viscera}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Four paired muscles \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- Rectus abdominis  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
- external obliques  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
- internal obliques  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
- transverse abdominis% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Head Movement and Trunk Extension}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Anterolateral neck muscles & Intrinsic Muscles of the back \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Move head & extend trunk and maintain posture \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Myofibrils}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Myofibrils & myofibril features \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
densely packed, rodlike elements & Striation \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
80\% of muscle cell volume & sarcomas \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Myofilaments \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & molecular composition of muofilaments \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sliding filament Model of Contraction}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Contraction & Sliding filament model of contraction \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
the activation of cross bridges to generate force & During contraction, thin filaments slid past thick filaments, causing actin and myosin to overlap more \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
shortening occurs when tension generated by cross bridges on thin filaments exceed forces opposing shortening & When nervous system stimulates muscle fiber, myosin heads are allowed to bind to action forming cross bridges \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{contraction ends when bridge become inactive} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mastication ad tongue movement}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Muscle of mastication} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{four pairs all innervated by cranial nerve V} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{prime mover of jaw closure: tempralis and master} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{grinding movement; pterygoids} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{chewing role: buccinator} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fascicle Arrangements (cont.)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
pennate & different forms \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
short fascicles attach obliquely to central tendon running length of muscle & Unipennate: fascicles attach only to one side of tendon \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Bipennte: fascicles insert from opposite sides of tendon (rectus femurs) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Multipennate: appears as feathers inserting into one tendon (example deltoid) \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Movement of Ankels and Toes}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Muscles of anterior compartment  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
 - primary toe extensors and ankle dorslifexors  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
   - Tibialis anterior  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
   - Extensor digitorum longus  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
   - Fibuaris tertius  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
   - Extensor hallucis longus  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
Muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
  - Plantar flexion and eversion of the foot; stabile lateral ankle and lateral longitudinal arch of foot  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 3)
   - Fibularis longus  \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
   - Fibularis brevis  \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
Muscles of the posterior compartment f the leg  \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
  - act to plantar flex the ankle  \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
  - All are innervated by tibial nerve \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
  - Divided into Superficial muscles and deep muscles% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Humerus Movement}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- nine Muscles cross shoulder ring  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- Insert on and move humerus  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
- Some originate from scapula, other from axial skeletion \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
-action include flexion, extension, adduction \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
- Three prime movers of arm  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
1) pectorals major  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
2) latissimus dorsi \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
3) Deltoid \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
- Rotator cuff muscles act as synergist and fixators;originate on scapulae reinforce shoulder capsule; prevent dislocation \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 3)
1) supraspinatus  \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
2) infraspinatus  \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
3) teres minor  \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
4) subscapularis% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Swallowing Muscles}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Sternocleidomastodi muscle divides neck into two triangles  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- Anterior muscles are divided based on location to the hyoid bone: supra hyoid and infra hyoid  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
- Tongue and buccinator muscles push food back towards pharynx, where muscles in posterior mouth and pharynx complete swallowing process \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 3)
- Epiglottis closes over larynx while muscles in walls of pharynx propel food forward to stomach  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
-% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Facial Expressions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Facial expression muscles are different because they insert into skin not bone & Facial expression muscles consists of two groups \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Important nonverbal communication & Muscles of the scalp \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & muscles of the face \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Muscle Action and Interaction}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
muscle can only pull; never push & 3 main function group \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
what one muscle group does the other undoes & Prime mover: major responsibility for producing specific movement \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Antagonist: opposes or reverses particular movement \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Syngerist: Helps prime mover; adds extra force to same movement; reduces undesirable or unnecessary movement; Fixator: type that immobilizes bone or muscle organ rather than enhancing movement of Prime movers \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 11)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Myofibrils}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Striations & sarcomere & myofilaments \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Stripes formed from repeating series of dark and light bands along length of each myofibril & Smallest contractile unit of muscle fiber & Actin \seqsplit{myofilaments:} Thin filament; extend across I band and partway in A band \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
A band= dark region & Contains A band with half of an I band at each end & myosin \seqsplit{Myofilaments:} Thick filaments: extend length of A band \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{I band= lighter region} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.78712 cm} x{2.18988 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Muscle Fiber Microanatomy}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Sarcolemma & Sarcoplasma \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
muscle fiber plasma membrane & muscle fiber cytoplasm \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.71009 cm} x{1.46195 cm} p{0.71009 cm} x{1.29487 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Muscle Functions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Produce} \seqsplit{movement} & Maintain posture and body position & \seqsplit{Stabilize} \seqsplit{joints} & Generate heat as the contract \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{Responsible for all locomotion and manipulation} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Skeletal Muscle}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Skeletal muscle tissue & Skeletal muscle fibers \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
packaged into skeletal muscles: organs that are attached to bone and skin & Longest of all muscle and have striations (stripes) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & also called voluntary muscle: can be consciously controlled \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fascicle Arrangements}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
All skeletal muscle consists of bundles of fibers & The most common patterns of arrangement \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Variation results i muscles with different shapes and functional capabilities & Circular: fascicles arranged in concentric rings \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Convergent: broad organ; fascicles converged toward single tendon insertion \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & parallel: Fascicles parallel to long axis of traplike muscle (striation) \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Fusiform: Spindle shaped muscle with parallel fibers (bicep brachia) \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Swallowing Muscles (Cont)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Infrahyoid Muscles & Suprahyoid Muscles \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
- four strap like muscles & Four deep muscles involved in swallowing \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Depressed hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing and speaking & 1) Form floor or oral cavity 2) Anchor tongue 3) Elevated hyoid bone 4) Move larynx during swallowing \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Breathing}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Inhailing & Expiration \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
contraction of the muscles enlarge the rib cage & Relaxation of muscles decrease size of rib cage \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Diaphram divides thoracic and abdominal cavities} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Skeletal Muscle Anatomy}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Nerve and blood Supply & Connective tissue sheaths & Attachments \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
each muscle receives a nerve, artery, and veins & Muscles covered in connective tissue & muscle span joints and attach to bone \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
consciously controlled skeletal muscles has nerves supplying every fiber to control activity & Support cells and reinforces whole muscles & Muscles attach to bone in two places Insertion: Attachment to movable bone: Orgion: attachment to oimmovable bone \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 9)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Contracting muscles fivers require huge amounts of oxygen and nutrients & Epimysium: Dense irregular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle; may blend with fascia & Direct Attachment: Epimysium fused to periosteum of bone or \seqsplit{perichondrium} of cartilage \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 8)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
need waste products removed quickly & Perimysium: Fibrous connective tissue surrounding fascicles & Indirect: Connective tissue wrapping extend beyond muscle as roselike tendon or sheetlike aponeurosis \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Skeletal Muscle Anatomy (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Endomysium: Fine areolar connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber &  \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Scapula and arm}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Most are the extrinsic shoulder muscles  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- act in combination to fit shoulder girls; Move it to increase range of arm movements  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
- action: elevation, depression, rotation, lateral and medial movements, protraction and retraction \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
Two groups of muscle  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
- Muscle of the anterior thorax \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
- muscles of the posterior thorax% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Movement of Wrist, Hand, and Fingers}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Divide into anterior and posterior muscles  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
  - Most anterior muscles are flexors  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
  - Most posterior muscles are extensors  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
- further divided into superficial and deep muscles  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
- Action: Movement of wrist, finger, thumb, as well as pronation and supination of forearm \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
   - Pronator teres and pronator quadratus pronate forearm  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
    - Supination: synergist with biceps brachia in forearm supination \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
Anterior Muscles  \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
- Consist of five superficial and three deep muscles  \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
- Most arise from common flexor tendon attached to medial epicondyle of humerus  \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2)
- Most tendons of insertion held in lace at wrist be flexor retinaculum \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2)
Posterior Muscles  \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
- consists of four superficial and four deep muscles  \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 2)
- All are innervated by the radial nerve or its branches \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2)
- Most arise from common flexor tendon attached to lateral epicondyle of humerus  \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 2)
- Most tendons of insertion help in lace at wrist by extensor retinaculum% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cardiac Muscle}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cardiac muscle tissue: is found only in heart} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{makes up bulk of heart walls; striated} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{involuntary; cannot be controlled consciously} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}