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%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{aila (ailawilliams)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (german-grammar.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (aila (ailawilliams))
  /Subject (German grammar Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{German grammar Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{aila (ailawilliams)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/141978/cs/30737/}}}
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\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}aila (ailawilliams) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/ailawilliams} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 2nd February, 2022.\\
   Updated 2nd February, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{word order of the main sentence}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{The verb is the second member of the sentence in the main clause. The verb may be preceded by an author, an expression of time/place or a question word.}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
{\bf{Ich mache meine Hausaufgaben.}} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
{\bf{Am Abend mache ich meine Hausaufgaben.}} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
{\bf{Wann machst du deine Hausaufgaben?}}  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
{\emph{EXCEPTION: The verb comes first in the main clause when it is a question sentence beginning with a verb.}}  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 3)
{\bf{Machst du deine Hausaufgaben?}}% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The word order of the subordinate clause}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{A subordinate clause always appears together with the main clause. A subordinating clause begins with a subordinating conjunction} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}({\bf{dass}}-that; {\bf{wenn}}-if, when; {\bf{weil}}-because; {\bf{obwohl}}-although).} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The conjugated verb always comes last in the subordinate clause - even when there are several verbs in the subordinate clause. In a subordinate clause, the differing compound verb is written together.} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Wei{\ss}t du, {\bf{dass}} Alex Fu{\ss}ball {\bf{spielt?}} Ich wei{\ss}, {\bf{dass}} Alex gut Fu{\ss}ball spielen {\bf{kann}}. Es ist klar, {\bf{dass}} Alex seinen Fu{\ss}ball immer {\bf{mitbringt.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{think of it like: main idea, then second idea.}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} x{3.0897 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{dative prepositions}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{After these prepositions, a dative form is always required.  mit + der Bus → mit dem Bus,} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
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aus & out of, from \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
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bei & at, amongst, with (like 'chez' in French) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
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\SetRowColor{white}
mit & with \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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nach & after, to, past \tn 
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seit & since \tn 
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von & from, of \tn 
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zu & to at \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Achtung! Preposition often merges with an article. zu der Schule → zur Schule}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.30419 cm} p{0.72792 cm} x{1.00089 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{war und hatte, to be and to have}}  \tn
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ich & war & hatte \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
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du & warst & hattest \tn 
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er/es/sie & war & hatte \tn 
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wir & waren & hatten \tn 
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ihr & wart & hattet \tn 
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sie/Sie & waren & hatten \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{The verbs sein and haben are more often used with the imperfect (er war, er hatte) than with the perfect.}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.36485 cm} x{1.36485 cm} p{0.3033 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{the perfect tense of regular verbs}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{In German, the perfect tense is most commonly used to tell about the past.} \tn 
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auxiliary verb &  & main verb \tn 
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Ich habe & Souvenirs & \seqsplit{gekauft} \tn 
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Du hast & Souvenirs & \seqsplit{gekauft} \tn 
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Er/es/sie hat & Souvenirs & \seqsplit{gekauft} \tn 
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wir haben & Souvenirs & \seqsplit{gekauft} \tn 
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ihr habt & Souvenirs & \seqsplit{gekauft} \tn 
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sie/Sie haben & Souvenirs & \seqsplit{gekauft} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Achtung! ge + buy + t}}} \tn 
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1. What are the two parts of the German perfect? & {\bf{The second verb and the main verb.}} &  \tn 
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2. How is the ge-form of the main verb constructed in regular verbs? & {\bf{The main verb form ge + verb body + t}} &  \tn 
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% Row 11
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3. What do you notice about the inflection of the parts of the perfect in different persons? & {\bf{The auxiliary verb bends according to the author of the sentence. The main verb does not bend.}} &  \tn 
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.36485 cm} x{1.36485 cm} p{0.3033 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{the perfect tense of regular verbs (cont)}}  \tn
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4. What do you notice about the word order of a perfect sentence? & {\bf{The auxiliary verb is in the place of the conjugated verb. The main verb is at the end of the sentence.}} &  \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{extra-e is also needed in the imperfect as an extension of the verb body. \newline wart|en \newline body: wart \newline ge + wart + e + t \newline Where does the body of the verb end when an extra-e is needed to help with inflection? \newline {\bf{The letters -d, -t or a consonant cluster (e.g. -ffn).}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.27386 cm} x{0.87957 cm} x{0.87957 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{irregular past principle}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
infinitive {[}basic{]} & Present (single 3rd person) & Perfect (single 3rd person) \tn 
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% Row 1
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genie{\ss}en {[}to enjoy smth{]} & er genie{\ss}t & er hat genossen \tn 
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backen {[}to bake{]} & er backt/b{\"a}ckt & er hat gebacken \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
beginnen {[}to start;begin{]} & er beginnt & er hat begonnen \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
bekommen {[}get;receive{]} & er bekommt & er hat bekommen \tn 
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% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
bleiben {[}stay, linger, remain{]} & er bleibt & er ist geblieben \tn 
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% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
essen {[}eat{]} & er isst & er hat gegessen \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
fahren {[}drive, travel{]} & er f{\"a}hrt & er ist gefahren \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
fallen {[}fall, drop{]} & er f{\"a}llt & er ist gefallen \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
finden {[}to find; have an opinion{]} & er findet & er hat gefunden \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
fliegen {[}to fly{]} & er fliegt & er ist geflogen \tn 
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geben {[}to give{]} / {[}smth is somewhere{]} & er/es gibt & er/es hat gegeben \tn 
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gehen {[}to walk, go, visit{]} & er geht & er ist gegangen \tn 
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% Row 13
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gewinnen {[}to win{]} & er gewinnt & er hat gewonnen \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.27386 cm} x{0.87957 cm} x{0.87957 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{irregular past principle (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
hei{\ss}en {[}to be called; to mean smth{]} & er hei{\ss}t & er hat gehei{\ss}en \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
helfen {[}to help{]} & er hilft & er hat geholfen \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
kommen {[} to come{]} & er kommt & er ist gekommen \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
laufen {[}to run; walk{]} & er l{\"a}uft & er ist gelaufen \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
lesen {[}to read{]} & er liest & er hat gelesen \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
nehmen {[}to take{]} & er nimmt & er hat genommen \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
reiten {[}to ride horseback{]} & er reitet & er ist geritten \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
schlafen {[}to sleep{]} & er schl{\"a}ft & er hat geschlafen \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
schreiben {[}to write{]} & er schreibt & er hat \seqsplit{geschrieben} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
schwimmen {[}to swim{]} & er schwimmt & er ist \seqsplit{geschwommen} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
sehen {[}to see{]} & er sieht & er hat gesehen \tn 
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sein {[}to be{]} & er ist & er ist gewesen \tn 
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singen {[}to sing{]} & er singt & er hat gesungen \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
sitzen {[}to sit{]} & er sitzt & er hat gesessen \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
sprechen {[}to speak{]} & er spricht & er hat gesprochen \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.27386 cm} x{0.87957 cm} x{0.87957 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{irregular past principle (cont)}}  \tn
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stehen {[}to stand{]} & er steht & er hat gestanden \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
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\SetRowColor{white}
sterben {[}to die{]} & er stirbt & er ist gestorben \tn 
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tragen {[}keep wearing / wearing; carry{]} & er tr{\"a}gt & er hat getragen \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
treffen {[}to meet{]} & er trifft & er hat getroffen \tn 
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% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
trinken {[}to drink{]} & er trinkt & er hat getrunken \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}