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\author{aglevines}
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  /Title (endocrine-disorders.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (aglevines)
  /Subject (Endocrine Disorders Cheat Sheet)
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Endocrine Disorders Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{aglevines} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/144882/cs/31143/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}aglevines \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/aglevines} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 12th March, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.52 cm} x{4.48 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hormones}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Hypothalamus & releasing and inhibiting factors \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Pituitary Gland - anterior lobe & GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, Prolactin \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Pituitary Gland - posterior lobe & ADH (vasopressin), oxytocin \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Thyroid Gland & T3, t4, calcitonin \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Adrenal Gland - medulla & epinephrine, norepinephrine \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Adrenal Gland - cortex & glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, sex hormones \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Gonads & testes = testosterone // ovaries =estrogen, progesterone \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Pancreas & insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, PP (including gastrin) \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Parathyroid Glands & parathyroid hormone \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{1.36 cm} x{6.64 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hypothalamic Hormones // Pituitary Hormones}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
CRH & increase ACTH \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
GnRH & increase FSH and LH \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
PIH & decrease prolactin \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
GHRH & increase GH \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
GHIH & decrease GH \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
TRH & increase TSH \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.44 cm} x{6.56 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pituitary Hormones}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
GH & promotes tissue growth, increase bone, muscle and fat \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
TSH & promotes production and secretion of T3 \& T4 in thyroid \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ACTH & promotes secretion of glucocorticoids in adrenal cortex \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
FSH \& LH & the gonadotropic hormones - promotes gamete production and sex hormones secretion in gonads \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Prolactin} & stimulates milk production in mammary glands \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}- & -{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-- \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ADH & controls thirst and amount of urine produced by kidneys \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{oxytocin} & stimulates uterine contractions in women and acts on mammary glands to release milk \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{pituitary gland functions with a feedback loop}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Thyroid Disorders}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Goiter & thyroid enlargement; causes = puberty/pregnancy, iodine deficiency (endemic goiter), hashimotos thyroiditis, goitrogens (food that suppress production of thyroid hormones) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Hyperthyroidism & Thyrotoxicosis, increased T3 \& T4, decreased TSH \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Hypothyroidism & Myxedema, decreased t3 \& T4, increased TSH (primary) \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Hyperthyroidism results in... & generalized increase in metabolic rate, heat intolerance, sweating, irritability, weight loss, increased appetite, exopthalmia, lid lag, tremor, hyperpigmentation, friable/fine hair, tachycardia, thyroid storm \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 11)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
hypothyroidism results in... & fatigue, depression, cold intolerance, dry skin, decreased intellectual function slow HR, constipation, enlarged tongue (macroglossia), malocclusion, gingivitis, rampant decay, candidiasis \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Thyroid Disorders (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Graves Disease & Hyperthyroidism, autoimmune disease; dx = TSI, elevated T3/T4 but low TSH, diffuse radioactive iodine uptake (thyroid scan) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
Graves disease clinical features - triad & thyrotoxicosis, infiltrative opthalmopathy, localized dermopathy \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
thyroid storm & abrupt onset of hyperthyroidism; when exposed to stress or have graves disease; can lead to uncontrolled heart arrhythmias, pulmonary edema, CHF -{}-\textgreater{} coma -{}-\textgreater{} death \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 9)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
childhood oral manifestation of thyroid storm & premature loss of primary teeth and early eruption of permanent \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
primary hyperthyroidism & diffuse toxic goiter or tumor; serum levels show INCREASED T3/T4, BUT DECREASED TSH \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
secondary hyperthyroidism & TSH-producing pit. tumor; serum levels show INCREASED T3/T4 AND INCREASED TSH \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Thyroid Disorders (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cretinism & congenital hypothyroidism; symptoms = coarse/dry skin, puffy, pale lips, impaired development of skeletal and CNS (results in dwarfism and mental retardation); oral manifestations = macroglossia, mouth breathing, underdeveloped mandible, overdeveloped maxilla, late eruption, enamel hypoplasia \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 15)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
Juvenile Hypothyroidism & primary hypothyroidism in children; mental sluggishness, dragging, cold intolerance, obesity, constipation \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 6)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis & primary hypothyroidism; characterized by lymphoid infiltrated and Hurthle cells \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
primary vs. secondary hypothyroidism & primary has INCREASED TSH // secondary has DECREASED TSH \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{function of T3 \& T4 = physical and brain growth and maturation, help oxygen consumption, elevated basal metabolic rate, increases body heat, upregulates metabolism, protein synthesis \newline  \newline function of calcitonin = helps Ca2+ absorption by bone and inhibit osteoclast resorption \newline  \newline low levels of circulation T3 \& T4 -{}-\textgreater{} no negative feedback to ant. pit. -{}-\textgreater{} increase TSH -{}-\textgreater{} trophic effect on thyroid gland -{}-\textgreater{} GOITER}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.8 cm} x{5.2 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pituitary Disorders}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Hypopituitarism} & deficiency in one or multiple hormones; can result from inschemic injury or non-functional pituitary neoplasms \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Hyperpituitarism} & excessive secretion of hormones (adenoma, hyperplasia, carcinoma) \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Space Occupying Lesion (SOL)} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Sheehan Syndrome & postpartum necrosis/postpartum hypopituitarism; hypertrophy/plasia of lactotrophs; results in enlargement of ant. pit. lobe; symptoms: agalactorrhea, amenorrhea, hot flashes, decreased libido; has features of both hypopituitarism (fatigue, intolerance to cold, constipation, weight gain, hair loss, low BP) and adrenal insufficiency (similar to addisons) \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 14)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Craniopharyngioma} & rare, benign tumor in children; develops from remnants of Rathke's pouch; a tumor mimicking the enamel organ of embryonic tooth \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Bitemporal Hemianopia & bilateral loss of outer/peripheral visual fields, tunnel vision \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.8 cm} x{5.2 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pituitary Disorders (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Pituitary Adenomas: -{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}--} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Prolactinoma & most common type of functional adenoma; hyperpolactinemia; clincally- amenorrhea, galactorrhea, loss of libido, infertility \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Giantism & GH adenoma - BEFORE closure of epihyses; juvenile, generalized increased body size with disproportioned limbs, CV problems; dx= elevated GH levels and CT positive pit tumor \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 7)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Acromegaly & GH adenoma - AFTER closure of epiphyes; adult, coarse skin, enlargement of visceral organs, increase in facial bones (prognathism, flaring of teeth), CV problems, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, arthritis; dx= elevated GH levels and failure to suppress GH by oral load of glucose \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 11)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{ACTH-producing} adenoma & thyrotrophs; results in hyperthyroidism \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{pan-hypopituitarism: -{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}-} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
diminished GH & failure of growth -{}-\textgreater{} Dwarfism \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
diminished TSH & hypothyroidism \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.8 cm} x{5.2 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pituitary Disorders (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
diminished LH/FSH & failure of sexual maturity and fuunction  (amenorrea, infertility) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
diminished ACTH & Addison's Disease \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
diminished ADH & diabetes insipidus (excessive thirst and urination) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.84 cm} x{4.16 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Adrenal Gland Disorders}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Hyperadrenalism & excess cortisol production \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Hypoadrenalism & decreased cortisol production?? \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cushing Syndrome & hyperadrenalism; ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma (60\% of cases); clinical = weight gain, truncal obesity, hypertension, thinning skin, flushing of face, purple striae, easy bruising, hirsutism (excess hair), acne, osteoporosis, buffalo hump, moon faces, muscle weakness \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 14)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Hyperaldosteronism & ?? \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Addison's Disease & chronic adrenocortical insufficiency; reduction/lack of cortisol and aldosterone; excess ACTH?; symptoms = tiredness, lack of energy, weight loss, GI disturbances, hypoglycemia, hyperpigmentation (bronzing), susceptible to infection \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 12)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.84 cm} x{4.16 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Adrenal Gland Disorders (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
primary vs secondary Addisons disease & primary = reduction/lack of cortisol and aldosterone // secondary = due to deficiency of ACTH \seqsplit{(hypothalamic/pituitary} dysfunction) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Waterhouse-Friderichsen} syndrome & caused by overwhelming sepsis due to bacterial infection, usually Neisseria meningitidis; symptoms = rapid hypotension leading to shock, DIC, wide spread purpura on skin, acute and rapid adrenocortical insufficiency \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 11)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Adrenal Crisis & hypotension, weakness, collapse, N/V, headache, fever; tx = hydrocortisone \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
Pheochromocytoma & tumor of adrenal medulla; \seqsplit{catecholamines-producing} tumor arising from medullary paraganglionic cells (chromophine cells); clinical = epinephrine increase HR and force of contraction, relaxation of bronchiolar smooth muscle and glycogenolysis \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 13)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.52 cm} x{4.48 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Endocrine Pancreas Disorders}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Gastrinoma & gastrin-producing tumor in pyloric antrum and duodenum \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Glucagnoma & glucagon-producing tumor (ultra cells) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Insulinoma & insulin-producing tumor (beta cells) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Somatostatinoma & \seqsplit{somatostatin-producing} tumor (delta cells) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Zollinger-Ellison} syndrome & 1 or more gastrinoma in duodenum; results in excess HCL production, leading to frequent peptic ulcers and hyperplasia of gastric mucosa \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 7)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
islets of langerhans (pancreas) & glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, PP cells, gherlin (epsilon cells) \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}