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\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{DarioPittera (aggialavura)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (python-time-series.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (DarioPittera (aggialavura))
  /Subject (Python  - Time Series Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Python  - Time Series Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{DarioPittera (aggialavura)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/83764/cs/23968/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}DarioPittera (aggialavura) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/aggialavura} \\
        \uline{\seqsplit{www}.dariopittera.com}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 2nd June, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Imports}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{from \seqsplit{statsmodels.tsa.holtwinters} import ExponentialSmoothing} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Steps to fit the model and check it}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
train = df.iloc{[}:n{]} & use iloc to split the original dataset \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
fitted\_mod = \seqsplit{ExponentialSmoothing(train}, \{\{nl\}\}trend='mul or add', \{\{nl\}\}seasonal='mul or add', \{\{nl\}\}seasonal\_periods=n\_unit){\bf{.fit()}} & create and fit the model \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
predictions = \seqsplit{fitted\_mod.forecast(n} of units) & forecast \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
train.plot() \{\{nl\}\}test.plot() \{\{nl\}\}predictions.plot() & plot forecasted values together with train and test data \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.83689 cm} x{2.14011 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Evaluation metrics}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
from sklearn.metrics import mean\_squared\_error, mean\_absolute\_error & import the necessary libraries \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{mean\_squared\_error(test}, predictions) & calculate the MSE \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{np.sqrt(mean\_squared\_error(test}, predictions)) & calculate the RMSE \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{now that we saw our model was not that far off (if that's the case), we retrain our model on the entire dataset and we can plot it to show the future behaviour of our data}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IMPORTANT CONCEPTS}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{STATIONARY}} data: these kinds of data do not exhibit trends or seasonality. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{NON-STATIONARY}} data: these kinds of data exhibit trends or seasonality.% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{- stationary data}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/aggialavura_1597057352_stationary.PNG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{- non stationary data}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/aggialavura_1597057423_non-stationary.PNG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{- via code...}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
from \seqsplit{statmodels.tsa.statespace.tools} import diff & import libraries \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
diff(df{[}"timeseries col"{]}, k\_diff=1) & use the diff() func to check stationarity \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}