4-Layer Model
Application |
OSI L7, L6, L5 - user interface, defines protocols used, interface wth transport layer, IP adresses |
ex : |
HTTP, SNMP, Telnet, DNS, FTP, SMTP, SSH, SSL/TLS |
Transport |
TCP, UDP, RTP (Real-Time Protocol) |
Internet |
data is packaged into IP datagrams (IP, ICMP, ARP, Reverse ARP |
Network |
how to transmit bits, how NW medium is used (wireless, cable, etc) |
IP Protocol Types
TCP |
Layer 4 of OSI Model |
Transmission Control Protocol |
3-way Handshake Client<>Server |
| |
connection oriented method, reliable |
UDP |
lightweight data transport protocol |
User Datagram Protocol |
error & integrity datagram check (checksum) |
| |
used in streaming audio/video, not reliable |
ICMP |
check network connectivity issues |
Internet Control Message Protocol |
ping scan & NW mapping |
GRE |
packets tunneling protocol |
Generic Routing Encapsulation |
can encapusulate variety of protocols over IP |
| |
used for VPN |
IPsec |
set of secure communication protocols |
. AH |
Autentification Header |
| |
-> for authentication & integrity |
. ESP |
Encapsulating security payload |
| |
-> for encryption & integrity |
|
|
Data Transfer Over Networks
Ports |
0-65'535 |
. well-known |
0-1024, reserved and unchanged |
. ephemeral |
1024-65'535, short-lived, random selection |
IPv4 Packets |
Source, Dest, IP Flags, Protocol |
Overheads |
TCP is heavy (20bytes), UDP lighter (8bytes) |
Protocols and Ports
FTP |
File Transfer Protocol |
20, 21 |
SSH |
Secure Shell |
22 |
SFTP |
Secure FTP |
22 |
Telnet |
|
23 |
SMTP |
Simple Transfer Mail Protocol |
25 |
DNS |
Domain Name System |
53 |
DHCP |
Dynamic Host Control Protocol |
67, 68 |
TFTP |
Trivial FTP |
69 |
HTTP |
HyperText Transfer Protocol |
80 |
POP3 |
Post Office Pr. v3 |
110 |
NTP |
Network Time Protocol |
123 |
NetBios |
|
139 |
IMAP |
Internet Mail Access Protocol |
143 |
SNMP |
Simple Network Management |
161 |
LDAP |
Lightweight Directory Access |
389 |
HTTPS |
HTTP Secure |
443 |
SMB |
Server Message Block |
445 |
SLPS |
System Logging Protocol Syslog |
514 |
SMTP TLS |
SMTP Transport Layer Security |
587 |
LDAPS |
LDAP Secure |
636 |
IMAP over SSL |
|
993 |
POP3 over SSL |
|
995 |
SQL Server |
client > database engine |
1433 |
SQLnet |
client > oracle database |
1521 |
MySQL |
client > MySQL database engine |
3306 |
RDP |
Remote Desktop Protocol |
3389 |
SIP |
Session Initiation Protocol |
5060, 5061 |
|
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