Copper cables
Coaxial |
metal shield to protect data, EMI resistance |
cables |
RG-59, RG-6. |
connectors |
F-connector, BNC |
Twinaxial |
2 inner connectors |
Serial |
DB-9 or DB-25 with serial connector |
| |
9 or 25-pin D-subminiature, used for asynchronous serial communication |
Twisted Pair |
4 pairs twisted for EMI reduction, used for LAN, CAT5-CAT8 |
UTP vs STP |
Unshielded vs Shielded Twisted Pair |
Connectors |
RJ11-6pin (phone), RJ45-8pin (Data) |
Bandwith |
theoretical data flow |
Throughput |
mesured data flow |
Straight-Through Patch cables |
T-568B / DTE>DTE, DCE>DCE |
Crossover cables |
T-568B & T-568A / DTE>DCE, DCE/DTE |
MDIX |
electronic method on switches to simulate a crossover cable |
Plenum cable |
fire-retardant coating on UTP/STP cables for non visible locations |
Cables CAT
CAT |
Base |
Bandwith |
Max distance |
CAT3 |
10BASE-T |
10Mbps |
100m |
CAT5 |
100BASE-TX |
100Mbps |
100m |
CAT5e |
1000BASE-T |
1000Mbps |
100m |
CAT6 |
1000BASE-T |
1000Mbps |
100m |
| |
10GBASE-T |
10Gbps |
55m |
CAT6a |
10GBASE-T |
10Gbps |
100m |
CAT7 |
idem CAT6a with TERA connectors |
CAT8 |
40GBASE-T |
40Gbps |
30m |
|
|
Fiber Media
Fiber Optic Cables |
uses light, immune to EMI, greater range, data-carrying capacity |
SMF |
Single-Mode Fiber |
| |
long distance, 8.3-10µ Ø |
MMF |
MultiMode Fiber |
| |
short distance (2km-), 50-100µ Ø |
Connectors |
SC (Stick and Click) - APC: angled connector |
mnemotechnics |
ST (Stick and Turn) |
| |
LC (Love Connectors) |
| |
MTRJ (Mecanical Transfer-RJ) - UPC: straight connector |
WDM |
Wavelength Division Multiplexing |
| |
combines multiple signals into one signal on different wave lenghts |
Transceivers
Fiber pros |
bandwith+, distance+, EMI protection, security+ |
Copper pros |
cost-, easy to install, tools inexpensive |
Media Converters |
L1 device, convert electricity<->light |
Transceivers |
bidi (token), duplex (full/half) |
ex (+Gbps) : |
GBIC, SFP(4.2), SFP+(16), QSFP(40), QSFP28(100), QSFP56(200) |
*Cable distribution* |
MDF |
Main Distribution Frame (root) |
IDF |
Intermediate Distribution Frame |
Patch pannels |
simplifies cable management with switches (front has RJ-45 blocks) |
|
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