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Network+ | 09.WANs Cheat Sheet by

CompTIA Network+ certification course sum up. Oriented for cybersecurity later courses. *This sheet is quite simplified as its goal is to prepare for cybersecurity certifications. Some pure tech topics are missing.*

Wired Connec­tions Types

Dedicated Leased Lines
direct connection point to point
Circui­t-S­witched
using data through dial phone connection (ISDN)
Packet­-Sw­itched
idem but multiple users using the same line.
Connec­tions
Copper
UTP, STP : Dial-up, ISDN, E1, T1
 
Coax : Cable modem
Fiber
Electr­icity
Broadand over Power Lines (BPL)

Wireless Connec­tions

Cellular
3G
144Kbp­s-2Mbps | HSPA(+)
4G
100Mbp­s-1Gbps | LTE, LTE-A
 
Low-band | 30-250Mbps (long range)
5G
Mid-band | 100-90­0Mbps (mid range)
 
High-band | +Gbps (short range)
GSM technology
widely used - converts voice into data
CDMA technology
USA - encryption system
Microwave
UHF, SHF, EHF
Ultra, Super, Extreme High Freque­ncies
 
point-­to-­point connec­tion, fast (1Gbps) but direct line of sight. max 40NM
 
WiMAX, antenna on top of buildings
Satellite
over-t­he-­world coverage
 
slow, expensive, high latency
ex: starlink
low orbit -> latency down to 35ms
HF radios
for text only, <10Kbps
 

WAN Techno­logies

Dedicated Leased Lines
E1-E3 (Europe), T1-T4 : use CSU/DSU
Metro Ethernet
use ethernet protocols on fiber cabling
PPP
Point-­to-­Point
PAP
Password Athent­ication Protocol | password sent in clear!
CHAP
Challe­nge­-Ha­ndshake Athent­ication Protocol
MS-CHAP
both sent hached creden­tials, security+
PPPoE
encaps­ulates PPP frames inside Ethernet frames
DSL
ADSL | 5.5km
Dwn: 8Mbps, Up:1.5Mbps
SDSL | 3.3km
Dwn & Up : 1.17Mbps
VDSL | 1.3km
Dwn : 52Mbps, Up:12Mbps
Cable Modems
use HFC (Hybrid Fiber-­Coax) TV infras­tru­cture
protocol
DOCSIS
Satellite Modem
limited, expensive, wx sensitive, echo
POTS
analog connec­tion, PSTN
ISDN
carry voice, video or data over B/D channels
Frame Relay (FR)
use virtual circuits (VC)
SONET
20-250km, til 10Gbits, FDDI (fiber)
ATM
cell-based of fixed 53bytes, use VC
MPLS
used by service providers on backbone
DMVPN
use VPN tunnel to secure WAN connec­tions
Connection speed order
FR, T1, E1, T3, E3, ATM, SONET
mGRE
multipoint generic routing encaps­ulation
   
 

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